【全国百强校】湖北省鄂南高中、华师一附中、黄冈中学等2018届高三第一次联考试题(12月)理综-生物试题

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

．．．．．．．．．．第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

ALeaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus first-hand accounts by those with access to them.Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moore’s account is different. He shows that fa r from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson’s final phase as prime minister in 1974.Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)Jenkins writes a pol itician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill’s historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did.Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014)Campbell calmly narrates the many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins’ intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins’ various affairs with women. Like Jenkins’s political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017)Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, and not just because of hisunusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what it’s like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media.21. Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them?A. Harold Wilson.B. Churchill.C. Margaret Thatcher.D. Tony Blair.22. Which writer was once a politician?A. Ben Pimlott.B. Charles Moore.C. John Campbell.D. Roy Jenkins.23. What’s purpose of the author’s writing the passage?A. To introduce some histories on selections.B. To recommend some books on leaders.C. To tell some mysteries about historians.D. To think highly of some famous leaders.BLAS VEGAS— It was different in the light of day.There was no ‘pop, pop, pop’ of gunfire, no screams. Just a quiet lot of cars abandoned by those, like Kassidy Owen, who escaped with their lives.“It’s strange to hear the silence,” Owen said, “because all I remember was the noise.”The 22-year-old was one of dozens of concertgoers who returned to the scene of the Route 91 Harvest festival on Wednesday morning to fetch the vehicles they left behind as they fled from a gunman raining down bullets from high above in the tower of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino across the street.Survivors of the deadly mass shooting in Las Vegas on Sunday needed their cars to move on with their lives — to get back to work, to school, home. It was the first time they were returning to a scene that would forever change them, when joy and celebration and music turned into killing and horror.Before they could move forward, they had to go back to the place where they thought they were going to die.Owen had run to her car to hide and had tried to drive away, but she couldn’t. People were running, bodies dropped to the ground, and cars bottlenecked in the parking lot. During a brief pause after more than 10 minutes of gunfire, she worried the lights of her SUV made everyone inside a shining target.“They’re shooting again!” her best friend’s brother screamed. “‘Turn off the car!’”That’s when she got out and fled.“I just remember shutting the door and running,” Owen said.Now, ne arly three days later, she was back, sitting in the driver’s seat of her SUV. Her eyes were swollen and red. This was a long way from over.“You just keep hearing the gunshots in your head,” Owen said.24. Why did Kassidy Owen return to the scene of terror?A. To get back her car for daily life.B. To show sympathy to the victims.C. To search for her missing friends.D. To look into the cause of the shooting.25. Where was the gunman when the mass shooting happened?A. Behind a car.B. In the parking lot.C. On the stage.D. In a tall building.26. Why did Owen keep hearing the gunshots in her head?A. Because she had escaped being caught.B. Because she wanted to find the gunman.C. Because she couldn’t rid herself of those te rrible scenes.D. Because she had saved others’ lives by turning off the car.27. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A story book.B. A newspaper.C. A guide book.D. A research report.CCities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops — at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climat e change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”28. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A. Planting more trees in the streets.B. Covering the streets with white paint.C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.29. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A. How to make the city cooler.B. Where to wear a white shirt.C. Why to coat the roads with black paint.D. When to cut off the electricity supply.30. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A. Increasing the indoor activities.B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C. Making life easier and more comfortable.D. Reducing the number of cold days.31. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. L.A. adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.B. L.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.C. More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.D. L.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.DEven for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida, a certain embarrassment exists. The two words “English teacher” don’t clearly show who I am.Let me explain: When I go back to the US, I meet all my old friends. Some are stressed, exhausted and generally unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money do n’t even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves. If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them.In China the system is fluid for everyone: Chinese and expats（侨民）. I know many friends, both Chinese and expats, who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university four more years. All it required was motivation and a calculated risk. One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices and actually find one that I truly love. Let’s face it people change over the years: Your likes, your abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing. Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you?When people ask me if I love my job, my answer is ‘YES.’ In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, sale sman and teacher at various stages during my seven years here. And no one told me “You can’t do that.” There was no self-limiting. In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner.32. Why the term “English teacher” couldn’t explain the author’s role in China clearly?A. Because he has taken many different jobs in China.B. Because he has no choice but to be an English teacher.C. Because the purpose of his teaching is to make good money.D. Because there’re too many jobs for him to choose from.33. Why are some of the author’s old friends generally unhappy?A. Because they have no chance to work in China as teachers.B. Because it’s even harder for th em to earn money in the US now.C. Because they have no ability to explore their other talents.D. Because they can’t get away from the work they don’t enjoy.34. What does the underlined word “fluid” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Strict.B. Fixed.C. Changeable.D. Exciting.35. What does the author think of China?A. A country without motivations.B. A land of opportunity.C. A nation full of foreigners.D. A place short of jobs.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

．．．．．．．．．．第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Who says Leah can watch TV for half an hour now?A. Her doctor.B. Her aunt.C. Her parents.2. What is the woman probably doing?A. Doing the dishes.B. Serving customers.C. Picing up some plates.3. What are the speaers discussing?A. Buying fish.B. Ordering food.C. Maing dinner.4. How long has the young man been riding the bus?A. For three years.B. For nine years.C. For twelve years.5. Where does the conversation tae place?A. At a public pool.B. In a classroom.C. In a gym.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

绝密★启用前鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考语文试题本试卷共10页，22题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时150分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）提阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

隋废九品中正，设进士、明经二科取士。

唐承隋制，并增设明法、明字、明算诸科，而以进士、明经二科为主。

进士科重文辞，明经科重经术。

唐高宗、武则天以后，进士科最为社会所重，参加进士科考试被认为是致身通显的重要途径。

进士科以考诗赋为主，此外还考时务策等。

唐代取士由地方举送中央考试，称为乡贡。

被举送应试的人通称为举人。

唐人常说“举进士”，例如韩愈《讳辩》说“愈与李贺书，劝贺举进士”，意思是应举参加进士科的考试，这种人在唐代就称为进士。

韩愈《送孟秀才序》说“京师之进士以千数，其人靡所不有”，就是指当时应举参加进士科考试的人说的。

唐初设有秀才科，不久即废，但是唐人后来仍通称应进士科考试的人为秀才。

唐代中央主持科举考试的机关是礼部，考官通常由礼部侍郎担任，称为知贡举。

唐人进士及第第一名称为状头或状元。

同榜的人在长安慈恩寺雁塔题名，称为题名会。

宴会于曲江边的亭子内，称为曲江会。

又遍游名园，以同榜少年二人为“探花使”，探采名花。

唐人进士及第后尚未授官称为前进士，还要参加吏部“博学宏词”或“拔萃”的考选，取中后才授予官职。

韩愈《柳子厚墓志铭》说，柳宗元“虽少年，已自成人，能取进士第”，“其后以博学宏辞，授集贤殿正字”。

湖北省黄冈中学黄石二中华师一附中荆州中学孝感高中襄樊四中襄樊五中鄂南高中八校2018届高三第一次联考文科综合能力测试试题命题学校：黄石二中命题人：黄石二中高三文综组试卷满分：300分第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3.非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔或黑色墨水钢笔直接答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

4．本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

2007年11月12日上午10时，雪龙号科考船从上Array海启程，开赴南极执行我国第24次南极科考任务，将在南极冰盖最高点冰穹－A（80°22′00″S、77°21′11″E）为我国建造第三个南极科考站选址，并为下一步建立天文台作准备。

读图1，MN弧为晨昏线的一部分，完成1－3题。

1．从图中判断，中山站至冰穹－A的直线距离约为A.800千米B.1300千米C.1500千米D.2000千米2．在冰穹－A处进行天文观测的优势是A.海拔高，气温低B.暴风雪，纬度高C.极夜长，空气稀D.全天空，观测广3．如果图示正是冰穹－A处天文观测最佳季节，则太阳直射点位于A.180°、23°26′NB.180°、23°26′SC.0°、23°26′ND.0°、23°26′S读地下水等深线和某城市用地分布示意图（图2）完成4－5题。

4．下列关于图中地下水的流向的说法正确的是A.由水厂流向居民区B.由城市东部流向西部C.由城市南部流向北部D.由污染严重工业流向水厂5．下列关于该城市工业布局的说法正确的是A.污染严重工业布局不合理，因为它位于城市盛行风向的下风方向B.城市自来水厂布局不合理，因为它位于城市居住区内C.后建的用水量大的工业布局不合理，因为它形成的地下水漏斗区使水厂水质受污染D.生活居住区布局不合理，因为它位于城市盛行风向的上风方向读世界局部地区图（图3）完成6－8题。

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考理综试题考试时间：2018年12月11日上午9:30—12:00 试卷满分300分考试用时150分钟注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A方框涂黑。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

3．填空题和解答题作答：用黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

4．选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。

考生应根据自己选做的题目准确填涂题号，不得多选。

答题答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 B—11 N—14 O—16 Na—23 Al—27 P—31Cl—35.5 Fe—56 Ni—59 Cu—64第Ⅰ卷（选择题共126分）一、单项选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列叙述错误．．的是A. 圆褐固氮菌通过内质网合成磷脂B. 一个核糖体只能结合两个tRNA分子C. HIV、SARS病毒都只含有RNA一类核酸D. 酵母菌的细胞核中可以合成rRNA和DNA2.下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是A. 膜蛋白减少不影响无机盐离子的吸收速率B. 细胞吸收甘油、脂肪酸可促进水分渗出C. 神经纤维兴奋时，Na+流入细胞不消耗ATPD. 缺氧不影响细胞的胞吞和胞吐的速率3.下列关于人类遗传和变异的叙述，正确的是A. Y染色体基因遗传病具有交叉遗传的特点B. 原癌基因和抑癌基因都可以传递给子代C. 母亲的线粒体突变基因只传递给女儿D. 染色体数目变异不影响群体的基因频率4.关于细胞生命历程的叙述，正确的是A. 成年人体内细胞的自然更新是通过细胞凋亡完成的B. 人的成熟红细胞没有细胞核，凋亡速率比吞噬细胞快C. 原始海洋中，真核细胞的出现标志着生物进化的开始D. 肌细胞中只有与肌动蛋白合成有关的基因处于活动状态5.下图表示细胞间信息交流的一种方式，能以此方式进行信息交流的一组细胞是A. 甲状腺细胞与下丘脑细胞B. 反射弧中相邻的神经元C. 根尖成熟区相邻的细胞D. 效应T细胞与靶细胞6. 关于一个叶肉细胞中的叶绿体和线粒体，下列叙述正确的是A. 细胞质基质产生酒精时，细胞中的CO2全部被叶绿体同化B. O2产生于叶绿体内膜，可以消耗于线粒体内膜C. 两种细胞器分解水产生的[H]全部用于水的合成D. 线粒体产生ATP的部位是内膜和基质，叶绿体的是类囊体7．化学与人类的生活息息相关，下列有关说法正确的是A．因废弃物易污染环境，腈纶不宜大量取代棉、麻等天然材料B．因铝表面能形成致密的氧化膜，所以铝制餐具可以长期使用C．有机玻璃（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）是通过缩聚反应制得的D．SiO2用途广泛，因其高熔点的特性成为光导纤维的主要原料8．设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值。

【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B【解析】1. 试题分析：本题主要考查关于原文内容的理解和分析。

首先浏览选项，然后到文中找到与选项相关的语句，实行比较、辨析。

A项，按照文章的观点，“传统”和“现实生活”是并列的关系，不是主次的关系。

B项，原文仅仅说“不会因为其所研究的论题‘重要’而变得重要，而只能因为其研究成果的‘重要’而变得重要”，不是说“研究的论题并不那么重要”。

本项理解有误。

D项，原文是“关键不在于研究什么，而在于怎么研究”，顺序颠倒了。

2. 试题分析：本题主要考查对原文论证的相关分析。

错误设置一般为答非所问、混淆范围，强拉因果、曲解文意，偷换概念、无中生有等。

C项，原文并不是说不能够一个人独立研究，也不是要与其他研究者一道研究，而是说作为一名研究者要与他人相互切磋，相互借鉴，取长补短；至于说“只有这样才能提升学术水平”，更是无中生有了。

3. 试题分析：本题考查对作者观点的理解。

命题的手段为改变文章的表述和概括文章的内容，此题主要从概念的内涵的方面考核，概括文章的内容较难，答题时首先阅读题干，在文中找到题干对应的区位，然后仔细分析。

B项，原文是说“从学术传统和学术同行那里获得激励”，“大量征引解说”“抄袭”是两个概念，明显曲解词义。

【答案】4. D5. “湿”的意思是指河流带给人们水润的感受，因为沈从文认为值得回忆的人与事，大多是与河流密切相关的，是浸润着深沉情感的，鲜活流动的，令人感动、催人泪下的。

6. 沈从文二十岁以前生活在沅水边的土地上（或生活在沅水上），文中提到爷爷“在水边长大”“爷爷的第一所学校就是这沅水”；二十岁以后的沈从文生活在对这片土地（或沅水）的记忆里。

作者认为“即使爷爷从20岁就离开了家乡，但这个片水土上的光辉，在爷爷的生命中终生不灭”。

【答案】7. B 8. BC9. ①制定我国的《阅读法》，从立法角度保障国民的阅读时间和阅读权利。

韩、美均颁布读书法，我国尚未就阅读立法，这方面的空白需要填补。

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考理科综合试题命题学校:华师一附中审定学校:孝感高中第Ⅰ卷(选择题共126分)可能用到的相对原子质量:H1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Ca40 S 32 Cl 35.5 P31 Cu 64一、选择题(本题共13小题,每小题6分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1. 下列有关化合物的叙述,正确的是A. 生物吸收N元素用于合成脂肪、核酸及蛋白质B. ATP、DNA和RNA的结构中都有腺嘌呤和核糖C. 1分子蔗糖水解成2分子葡萄糖才能被人体吸收D. 细胞膜上的糖蛋白具有识别、保护及润滑的功能2.下列关于细胞呼吸原理应用的叙述,正确的是A. 剧烈运动时,人体肌细胞会因无氧呼吸而产生酒精B. 伤口较浅时,破伤风芽孢杆菌容易繁殖并产生毒素C. 稻田定期排水可避免水稻幼根无氧呼吸产生酒精而腐烂D. 利用麦芽和酵母菌在持续通气的发酵罐内可以生产啤酒3. 下列关于洋葱根尖有丝分裂的叙述,正确的是A. 中心体发出星射线形成纺锤体B. 同源染色体两两配对完成联会C. 赤道板向四周扩展形成新的细胞壁D. 染色体复制后平分到两个子细胞中4. 下列关于基因表达的叙述,错误的是A. 不同组织细胞中有相同的基因表达B. 细胞衰老过程中mRNA种类和含量不断变化C. 决定氨基酸的密码子是RNA上的3个相邻的碱基D. 白化症状体现了基因可通过控制酶的合成来控制生物体的性状5. 下列有关生物变异的叙述,正确的是A. 由环境引起的变异一定是不能够遗传的B. 染色体数目的变异一定不产生新的基因C. 受精作用的过程中会发生基因重组D. 同源染色体交叉互换会引起染色体变异6. 某同学利用性状分离比的模拟实验装置,进行了如下实验:甲乙两个容器中各放置两种小球,球上标记的A、a、B、b代表基因；实验时每次从甲乙两个容器中各随机抽出一个小球,记录组合情况,如此重复多次并计算各种组合间的比例,下列说法错误的是A. 甲容器中的小球可能代表精子,也可能代表卵细胞B. 本实验模拟了两对等位基因之间的自由组合C. 甲乙两个容器中的小球总数量应为1∶1D. 重复的次数越多,组合间的比例越接近1∶1∶1∶17. 下列说法中错误的是A. 合成纤维的“六大纶”都可以用聚合反应制备B. 不能用燃烧法鉴别环己烷、苯、CCl4C. 使用国际通行的凯氏定氮法测定奶粉中的蛋白质含量时,会把三聚氰胺当做蛋白质而导致测定结果偏高D. 蓝矾、明矾、石膏、芒硝都是硫酸盐的结晶水合物8. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法不正确的是A. 32 g S8单质中含有的S—S键个数约为6.02×1023B. 12.4g白磷中含有磷原子数为0.4N AC. 常温常压下,1 mol氦气含有的核外电子数为4 N AD. 0.1molOH－含N A个电子9. X、Y、Z、W是短周期元素,X元素原子的最外层未达到8电子稳定结构,工业上通过分离液态空气获得其单质；Y元素原子最外电子层上s、p电子数相等；Z元素+2价阳离子的核外电子排布与氖原子相同；W元素原子的M层有1个未成对的p电子。

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

．．．．．．．．．．第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Who says Leah can watch TV for half an hour now?A. Her doctor.B. Her aunt.C. Her parents.2. What is the woman probably doing?A. Doing the dishes.B. Serving customers.C. Picking up some plates.3. What are the speakers discussing?A. Buying fish.B. Ordering food.C. Making dinner.4. How long has the young man been riding the bus?A. For three years.B. For nine years.C. For twelve years.5. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a public pool.B. In a classroom.C. In a gym.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

高中语文理解性默写附答案1．【18届湖南省浏阳一中、株洲二中等湘东五校高三12月联考】补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

（1）《雁门太守行》中运用典故写守将曾受皇帝厚遇,临危时誓死相报,英勇赴战的诗句是：“_______，_________。

”“ ________ ，________，（2）荀子在《劝学》中，从反面比喻论证学习应当专一的句子是：____________。

”【答案】报君黄金台上意提携玉龙为君死蟹六跪而二螯非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者用心躁也【解析】试题分析：高考所考的名句，字不一定有多复杂，但一定很有迷惑性，考生默写要注意字形，而字形与字义分不开，学生应借助字义来识记字形。

注意重点字的写法，如“提携”“蟹”“螯”“鳝”“躁”等，要理解字义去记忆。

学生记忆的时候应该结合诗句的意思。

2．【18届甘肃省静宁县第一中学高三上学期第三次模拟】补写下列句子中的空缺部分。

（1）辛弃疾在《永遇乐京口北固亭怀古》中借历史影射实际，说南宋的失败，金人的南侵，国度的羞耻随着光阴的消逝，而逐渐地被人们淡忘了的句子是：“________________，_______________，_______________。

”（2）《赤壁赋》中，客有喜转悲，触景伤怀，想起了曹操的诗句，有感于人生短促的句子是“_______________，______________，_______________”。

（3）《琵琶行》中，白居易描写琵琶女与五陵年少奏乐饮酒的奢华欢愉场面的两句是“_______________，_______________。

”【答案】可堪回首佛狸祠下一片神鸦社鼓横槊赋诗固一世之雄也而今安在哉五陵年少争缠头一曲红绡不知数【解析】试题分析：名句默写要注意字形，而字形与字义分不开，学生应借助字义来识记字形。

注意重点字的写法。

如“佛狸”“槊”“绡”。

要理解字义去记忆。

学生记忆的时候应该结合诗句的意思。

每句1分，句中有误该句不得分。

鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2018届高三第一次联考语文试题命题学校：襄阳四中命题人：叶盛超刘澍高志杰许婷婷丁岚岚审题人：周晋南雷雨审定学校：孝感高中审定人：周雁本试卷共10页，22题。

全卷满分150，考试用时150分钟。

★祝考试顺利★一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

隋废九品中正，设进士、明经二科取士。

唐承隋制，并增设明法、明字、明算诸科，而以进士、明经二科为主。

进士科重文辞，明经科重经术。

唐高宗、武则天以后，进士科最为社会所重，参加进士科考试被认为是致身通显的重要途径。

进士科以考诗赋为主，此外还考时务策等。

唐代取士由地方举送中央考试，称为乡贡。

被举送应试的人通称为举人。

唐人常说“举进士”，例如韩愈《讳辩》说“愈与李贺书，劝贺举进士”，意思是应举参加进士科的考试，这种人在唐代就称为进士。

韩愈《送孟秀才序》说“京师之进士以千数，其人靡所不有”，就是指当时应举参加进士科考试的人说的。

唐初设有秀才科，不久即废，但是唐人后来仍通称应进士科考试的人为秀才。

唐代中央主持科举考试的机关是礼部，考官通常由礼部侍郎担任，称为知贡举。

唐人进士及第第一名称为状头或状元。

同榜的人在长安慈恩寺雁塔题名，称为题名会。

宴会于曲江边的亭子内，称为曲江会。

又遍游名园，以同榜少年二人为“探花使”，探采名花。

唐人进士及第后尚未授官称为前进士，还要参加吏部“博学宏词”或“拔萃”的考选，取中后才授予官职。

韩愈《柳子厚墓志铭》说，柳宗元“虽少年，已自成人，能取进士第”，“其后以博学宏辞，授集贤殿正字”。

白居易进士及第后，因为取中“拔萃”，所以授秘书省校书郎。

韩愈虽然进士及第，但是由于应吏部考选未中，未能得官。

为此，韩愈以“前乡贡进士”的名义三次上书宰相求仕。

以上所说的进士、明经等科通常每年都举行考试。

此外唐代还有所谓制举，这是由皇帝特诏举行的考试，据说是要选拔特殊的人才。