中国矿业大学考博英语2009年考博英语词汇题解析

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As its______grew, funds began to accumulate and the union got more and more powerful.A．recruitB．sizeC．membershipD．expansion正确答案：C解析：membership n.会员数；全体会员(如：The membership of the club is now 500．The society has a large membership．)。

recruit n．新兵，新成员。

size n.大小，尺寸，尺码。

expansion n．扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀。

2．Little boys seem to enjoy______ train sets more than little girls.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．captureB．departureC．fixtureD．miniature正确答案：D解析：本题是说，小男孩看上去比小女孩更喜欢小型的火车装置。

D项“miniature缩小的”符合题意。

其他三项“capture捕获；departure出发；fixture 固定设备”都不正确。

3．Concerned people want to______ the risk of developing cancer.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)A．takeB．decreaseC．minimizeD．claimed正确答案：C解析：本题中，take the risk of doing sth．的意思是“冒险做……”；decrease 的意思是“降低”；minimize的意思是“减到最少”；claimed的意思是“声称、主张”。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming______: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．interruptionB．descriptionC．qualificationD．contradiction正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：interruption“中断”；description“描述”；qualification “资格”；contradiction“矛盾”。

contradiction一词总结了原句中解释性分句表达的意思。

所以，正确答案是D。

2．The party leader justified his subsequent re-election______that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in the wayB．by no meansC．on the groundsD．to the extent正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：in the way“在路上”；by no means“绝不”；on thegrounds“基于”；to the extent“到……程度”。

所以，正确答案是C。

3． A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English______young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in memory ofB．at the cost ofC．on behalf ofD．for the benefit of正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：in memory of“纪念”；at the cost of“以某种代价”；onbehalf of“代表”；for the benefit of“为了某人的利益”。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As its______grew, funds began to accumulate and the union got more and more powerful.A．recruitB．sizeC．membershipD．expansion正确答案：C解析：membership n.会员数；全体会员(如：The membership of the club is now 500．The society has a large membership．)。

recruit n．新兵，新成员。

size n.大小，尺寸，尺码。

expansion n．扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀。

2．Little boys seem to enjoy______ train sets more than little girls.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．captureB．departureC．fixtureD．miniature正确答案：D解析：本题是说，小男孩看上去比小女孩更喜欢小型的火车装置。

D项“miniature缩小的”符合题意。

其他三项“capture捕获；departure出发；fixture 固定设备”都不正确。

3．Concerned people want to______ the risk of developing cancer.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)A．takeB．decreaseC．minimizeD．claimed正确答案：C解析：本题中，take the risk of doing sth．的意思是“冒险做……”；decrease 的意思是“降低”；minimize的意思是“减到最少”；claimed的意思是“声称、主张”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Browns lived in a（）and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.问题1选项A.spaciousB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项spacious“宽敞的；无边无际的”；B选项sufficient“足够的；充分的”；C选项wide“广泛的；宽的”；D选项wretched“可怜的；卑鄙的；令人苦恼的”。

句意：布朗一家住在郊区一幢……又整洁舒适的房子里。

被修饰词是“房子”，用“宽敞的”最合适。

A选项正确的。

2.单选题The new shipping and receiving building is a(n)（） facility, large enough to meet our growing needs.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.meagerC.expansiveD.costly 【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。

obsolete“淘汰，废弃”；meager“贫乏的，缺少”；expansive “膨胀的，扩大的”；costly “昂贵的，代价高的”；根据句意‘新的货运大楼非常（），足够满足我们不断增长的需求。

’确定C选项正确。

3.单选题The circus has always been very, popular because it（）both the old and the young.问题1选项A.facilitatesB.fascinatesC.immersesD.indulges【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项facilitate“促进；帮助”；B选项fascinate“使着迷”；C选项immerse“沉浸；使陷入”；D选项indulge“满足；沉溺；放任”。

2009年湖北博士入学考试英语湖北联考试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30 % )Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless，that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact，the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets(木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.he workers and employees are anxiou，not only because they might find themselves out of a job；they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally a，R，d ih:'t-ellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subodinates. They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again——by psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century" free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities——those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man.1. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is.A.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society，though functioning smoothlyB. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligibleC. a humble component of the society，especially when working smoothlyD.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .A.they are faced with the fundamental realties of human existenceB.they are deprived of their independence and productivityC.they are likely to lose their satisfactory jobsD.they are farther away from genuine life3.Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could.A.get higher salary and more self-respectB.have more chance to be further promotedC.prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.keep far away from this compititive world4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should .A.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesB.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realties for granted5.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might be best summarized as one of the .A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.toleranceQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human beings.Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms，particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said，however，about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms ofrichness of life.An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant，most distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away，it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean，the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct specIes.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species，their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteritics with 750,000 species ofinsects.If basic，broad categories such as phyla andclasses are given more emphasis than differentiating between species，then the greatest diversify of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopics and animals，including larva's or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.6.What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C.The sea is even richer in life than the mrlforests.D.Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.7.Why does the author compare coral reefs with rain forests(para. 1)?A.They share many similar species.B.They are approximately the same size.C.Most of their inhabitants require water.D.Both have many different forms of life.8.The passage suggests that most rain forest species are .A.insectsB.bacteriaC.mammalsD.birds9.The author argues that there is more diדersity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because .A. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsB. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster pace10. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.C. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.D. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality，or the relationship between cause and effect. A simple example of a cause is the movement of a paddle as it strikes a ping-pong ball; the effect is the movement of the ball through the air. In psychology and other sciences，the word "cause" is often replaced by the term “independent variable”.This term implies that the experimenter is often "free" to vary the independent variable as he or she desires (for example，the experimenter can control the speed of the paddle as it strikes the ball). The term“dependent variable”replaces the word"effect"，and this term is used because the effect，depends on some characteristic of the independent variable (the flight of the ball depends on the speed of the paddle). The conventions of science demand that both independent and dependent variables be observable events，as is the case in the ping-pong example. In the case of biorhythm theory，the independent variable is the number of days that have elapsed between a person's date of birth and some test day. The depedent variable is the person's level of performance on some specified task on the test. Notice that although the experimenter is not free to choose a birthday for a given individual，persons with different dates of birth can be tested on the same day, or a single subject can be tested on several different days.In order to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables，many scientific theories make use of what are called intervening variables. Intervening variables are purely theoretical concepts that cannot be observed directly. To predict the flight of a ping-pong ball，Newtonian physics relies on a number of intervening variables; including force，mass，air resistance，and gravity. You can probably anticipate that the intervening variables of biorhythm theory are the three bodily cycles with their specified time periods.It should be emphasized that not all psychological theories include intervening variables，and some psychologists object to their use precisely because they are not directly observable.The final major component of a scientific theory is its syntax，or the rules and definitions that state how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured，and that specify the relationships among independent variables，intervening variables，anddependent variables.It is the syntax of biorhythm theory that describes how to use a person's birthday to calculate the current status of the three cycles. The syntax also relates the cycles to the dependent variable，performance，by stating that positive cycles should cause high levels of performance whereas low or critical cycles should cause low performance levels. To summarize，the components of a scientific theory can be divided into four major categories：independent variables，dependent variables，intervening variables，and syntax.11. Based on the passage，causality may have the meaning that .A. cause and effect can be independent of each otherB. there is hardly anything that happens without a causeC. dependent and independent variables affect each otherD. cause and effect may vary respectively in most events12. According to biorhythm theory，.A. one's behavior can be predicted by knowing his or her birhtdayB. nobody can choose his or her date of birth as he or she wishesC. an individual's performance is irrelevant to hisor her birthdayD. a person's level of performance varies according to the test date13. Many theories for predicting the relation ship between cause and effect .A. testify their complete conformity withgeneral scientific principlesB. justify the identity of dependent，independent，and intervening variablesC.specify the time periods of bodily cycles in terms of psychological testsD. verify their prediction by variables inconsisitent with conventions of science14. The example of the ping-pong ball used to .A. indicate a hard nut to crack in physicsB. predict variables in a person’s performanceC.prove a common feature most theories haveD. show the negligibility of intervening variables15. The word “syntax”used in the last paragraph refers to the.A. rules used for ordering and connecting words in a sentenceB. principles defining the connections among different variablesC. definitions describing the impact of biorhythm on one's behaviorD. criteria measuring a person's performance levels with biorhythmQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes，entertainers，and entrepreneurs，not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find."Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual，" says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance. " Ravitch's latest book，Left Back：A Century of Failed School Reforms，traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools，concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically，to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others，they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path，says writer Earl Shorris，“we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege，”write historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life，a Pulitzer Prize winnig book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics，religion，and education. From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality，common sense，and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints of children: "Weare shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 1 0 or 15 years and cme out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twaill:ֺ‎f Iuckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids beingcivilized——going to school and learning to read——so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect，according to Hofstadter，is different from native intelligence，a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical，creative，and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp，manipulate，reorder，and adjust，while intellect examines，thinks，wonders，theorizes criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim theirhostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”16. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A. The habit of thinking independently.B. Profound knowledge of the world.C. Practical abilities for future career.D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.17. We can learn from the passage that Americans have a history of.A. undervaluing intellectB. favoring intellectualismC. supporting school reformD. suppressing native intelligence18. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are .A. identicalB.similarC. complementaryD. opposite19. Emerson，according to the passage，is probably .A. a pioneer of education reformC. a scholar in favor of intellectB. an opponent of intellectualismD. an advocate of regular schooling20. What does the author think of intellect?A.It evolves from common sense.B.It is second to intelligence.D. It underlies power.C.It is to be pursued.Part II Vocabulary (15 % )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoeces marked A，B，C and D. Choose th ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in thebrackets.21. In the process of acquiring knowledges，as much can be learned from seeking as from finding，from journeys as fromA. travelB. destination D. seeking D.seeking22. Weare meant to live dangerously and should not be sheltered. Life is a perilous adventure；its richness is in its .A. hazardsB. securityC. peaceD. length23. Mary thought she would never meet Tom again，but by a curiousthey finally met.A. coincidenceB. incidenceC. incidentD. accident24. The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man's guilt，but in.A. hollowB. emptyC. voidD. vain25. The team's efforts to score were by the opposing goalkeeper.A. surpassed C. frustrated D. furtheredB. doubled26. A friend may be ，casual，situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. superficialD. critical27. This is the industrialist's ：invest，and risk going bankrupt，or not invest and risk losing your share of the market.A. paradoxB. junctionC. premiseD. dilemma28. The key to success is remembering that every hurdle crossed is one less hurdle in the of your personal ambition.A. pursuitB.proportionC. promotionD. propulsion29. Although he did not state his opinion，thewas that he doubted my words.A. interruptionB. implicationC. impositionD. interaction30. My work with leaders from all walks of life has me that they were not born leaders-they are made.A. advocatedB. impliedC. convincedD. illustrated31. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and an understanding of what you have read.A. come up toB. come acrossC. come aroundD. come up with32. In the museum there is a of the ship Mayflower.A. supplementB. nucleusC. miniatureD.valve33. Employees are not slaves who must bear being order around. They would not put theirin their pocket.A. arroganceB. conceitC.prideD. prime34. This was conducted to find out how many people prefer TV serious to films.A. examinationB. inspectionC.analysisD. survey35. The statistical figures in that report are not. You should not refer to them.A. accurateB. fixedC. delicateD. rigid36. All theoriesfrom practice and in turn serve practice.A. originateB. restrainC.modifyD. reflect37. This research has attracted wide coverage and has been featured on BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A. messageB. imformationC. mediaD. data38. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick upwonderful in the market.A. batteriesB. bargainsC. basketsD. barrels39. Amy was elected chairman of the committee by avote.A. ambiguousB. synonymousC. simultaneousD. unanimous40. Developments in ship design and construction methods came about into challenges encountered in trading.A.awarenessB. responseC. contrastD. agreement41.In many places£¬ illness was seen either as an invasion of the body by some poison or it was to the work of an angry god，malignant magic，or witchcraft.A. contributedB. attributedC. tributeD. distributed42. His new theory has caused an enormous throughout the civilized world.A.solidarity C. sermonB. sentimentD. sensation43. The captain of the ship entered the details in the .A. loungeB. logC. motelD. shipwreck44. Some 4 000 private importers，exporters and wholesalers were nationalized andinto a huge government monopoly，the State Trading Corp.A. incorporatedB. inclinedC. resignedD. resorted45. She has but a faint of dialectical materialism.A. sacrificeB. reactionC. notionD. clue46. among young people is difficult to expect or achieve.A. AssuranceB. ProbabilityC. RelianceD. ConfQrmity47. The swimming pool is the children's favorite in summer.A. cradleB. hauntC. headingD.hedge48. In of Mr. Mainwaring's years of service，the company presented him with agold watch.A. contradictionB. appreciationC.confrontationD. apprehension49. They their hunting skills for the life of settled farmers.A. forsookB. forgedC.sacrificedD. reserved50.If you can't give up smoking completely，at least try to.A. take downB. turn downC.cut downD. set downPart III Cloze (10 %)Directions: For each numbered braclE~("1h the following passage£¬ fill in a suitable word inthe blank on the ANSWER SHEET.Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many 51. The simple 52for this is that there more different ways of looking at things 53 in the first kind of society. There are more ideas，more disagreements 54 interest，and moregroups and organizations 55 different beliefs. In 56，there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 57 societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by 58more areas of life to decision. In a simple-racial 59，there are 60 occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for61 because everything seems to be the same. And 62 conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed.Social change is also likely to occur more frequently and 63 in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material，for example£¬ in technology rather than in values；in the 64 basic and emotional aspects of society than in their opposites；in form rather than in 65；and in elements that are66to the culture rather than in strange elements.67，social change is easier if it is gradual. For example，it comes68 readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp differences. This is one reason why change has 69 come more quickly to Black Americans as 70 to other American minorities，because of sharp difference between them and their white counterparts.Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 % )Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 71. Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experierices，any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school，as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students' own experIence. So far，it will be in line with what is called the "progressive" movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the scienceofeducation on its wn ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters while contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization，it is false to its own position as scientific. 72.In cooperationwith a philosophy of education，it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively developtoward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers liveand woward forming the attitudes of purpose，desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions.Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences，especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriGulum. In a formal sense，the battle has been won，but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject- matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts" and truths. 73.The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation，inquiry，reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence.Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central placein education.Finally, the science and philosophy of educatin can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, betreen theory and practive, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully.Indeed it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a acence and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.Part V Chises-English Translation(15%)Directions：Translate the following paragraph into English and write youyr translation on the ANSER SHEET.一本好书就是一位益友。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Our manager is so______ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)A．stiffB．rigidC．tenseD．tight正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是stiff僵硬的，不灵活的；rigid<人>[在……方面]固执的，顽固的；tense拉紧的，绷紧的：tight严厉的，吝啬的。

句意是，我们经理对自己的想法非常固执，从来听不见新的想法。

根据句意推出正确答案是B选项。

2．America has now adopted more ______ European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.(2014年厦门大学考博试题) A．discreteB．solemnC．rigorousD．autonomous正确答案：C解析：句意为：现在美国已经采用了更加严密的欧式检测系统，食物中毒发生率正在下降。

根据句意，只有C项rigorous“严密的，严格的”符合句意，故选C项。

A项意为“分离的”；B项意为“庄严的”；D项意为“自治的”，均不符合句意。

3．She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.A．childishB．illusoryC．novelD．romantic正确答案：D解析：romantic a．不切实际的，爱空想的；浪漫的，传奇的(如：A romantic person likes to imagine things．Don’t be carried away with romantic notions．A romantic story is one about love or adventure．)。

2009年10月在职GCT英语真题（A卷）第四部分外语运用能力测试（英语）（50题，每题2分，满分100分）Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1、He added that the state government has made _______ arrangements for the conference.A、accurateB、absoluteC、adequateD、active2、This video may be freely reproduced _______ commercial promotion or sale.A、as forB、except forC、thanks toD、up to3、You______ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.A、have better notB、had better notC、have better not toD、had better not to4、Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries，_______the time when we were drinking it strong and black，without sugar.A、duringB、forC、beforeD、since5、By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60，three times _____today.A、as much asB、as that ofC、as many asD、as those of6、Saffron returned to London to ______her acting career after four years of modeling.A、followB、chaseC、seekD、pursue7、He has fancy dreams about his life，and nothing ever quite______ his expectations.A、matchesB、makesC、reachesD、realizes8、______my neighbor’s kid with his coming exam，I spend an hour working with him every day.A、To helpB、HelpingC、HelpedD、Having helped9、When I worked as a bank clerk，I had the opportunity to meet a rich_____ of people: students，soldiers and factory workers.A、diversityB、kindC、rangeD、variety10、Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it ______ replaced.A、should have beenB、would have beenC、could have beenD、might have beenPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart，each followedby five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, not do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life.11、For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their_______ .A、professional requirementB、regular practiceC、refreshing breakD、unpaid work12、Happy hours are held because office workers need to _______ .A、have a good rest after workB、stay away from household workC、make new friendsD、celebrate their achievements13、The phrase “filled to capacity” in paragraph 2 means the pub is ______.A、too crowdedB、rather entertainingC、completely fullD、very noisy14、Happy hours contribute to office workers’ _____.A、cooperation in societyB、promotion in their companyC、connection in societyD、loyalty to their company15、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A、The happy hour is a social gathering in America.B、People avoid talking about work at happy hours.C、Happy hours are held on weekdays only.D、People exchange work experiences at happy hours.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survivein a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don’t.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting “sleep or hide” (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modem creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the “red list” of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16、On the list of extinct animals studied, there were________.A、fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB、more SLOH-ers than expectedC、as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD、hardly any SLOH-ers17、The phrase “a leg up”in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.A、an instinctB、an advantageC、a fightD、a chance18、The study of modern creatures__________.A、is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB、finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC、has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD、reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19、According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to _________.A、be lazyB、be timidC、live longD、sleep less20、In the last paragraph the author________.A、compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB、offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC、analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD、emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ersQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks. Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in realitythese would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as “hello”, or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y. This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access.When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords. Which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called “Passfaces”. In order to access the system a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for the United States Senate.21、What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Paragraph 1?A、They do not ensure security.B、They are difficult to remember.C、They have to be changed frequently.D、They limit computer accessibility.22、One can make a password safer by ________.A、inserting pictures between numbersB、avoiding the use of letters altogetherC、setting up a firewall against computer hackersD、using complicated combinations of numbers and letters23、“Passfaces”is a method to get access to a system through_________.A、remembering a large number of facesB、selecting photographs of faces one likesC、recognizing a sequence of face picturesD、showing one’s face in front of the computer24、One advantage of “Passfaces” over a password is that________.A、it is easier to rememberB、it is more complicatedC、it takes less time to log inD、it allows one to write less25、What does the author think of the password?A、It is an old system that needs improvement.B、It provides as much security as before.C、It should be abandoned by computer users.D、It has developed to an advanced stage.A、FedEx Freight Measurements and MethodsB、FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other CountriesC、FedEx International Freight Customer Service GuideD、FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions27、What’s the minimum weight a shipment must reach in order to be transported by air?A、No restrictions.B、68kg.C、122kg.D、997kg.28、If you need to ship something 300cm long within US, which service can you choose?A、Shipment in less that 1 day.B、Shipment in 1 or 2 days.C、Shipment in 3 days.D、Shipment in more than 3 days.29、What does “girth” possibly mean?A、Measurement around an object.B、Measurement of object weight.C、Formula to calculate object width.D、Formula to calculate object length.30、FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods’_______.A、maximum weight per pieceB、maximum length plus girth per pieceC、maximum length per pieceD、maximum height per piecePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Fueled by weather, wind, and dry undergrowth, uncontrolled wildfires can burn acres of land-and consume everything in their way-in mere minutes.31, more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, consuming everything-trees, bushes, homes, even humans-in its 32.There are three conditions that need to be 33 in order for a wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any material 34 a fire that will burn quickly and easily, including trees, grasses, bushes, even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire 35 to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to 36 hot enough to start burning. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide 37 heat to spark a wildfire.38 often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play a positive role in nature. They 39 nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They remove diseased plants andharmful insects from a forest ecosystem (生态系统). And by burning 40 thick tress and bushes, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of young plants to grow.31、A、After all B、Above all C、In sum D、On average32、A、route B、track C、path D、trace33、A、stable B、present C、fixed D、favorable34、A、surrounding B、keeping C、causing D、making35、A、acquires B、needs C、captures D、meets36、A、materials B、places C、temperatures D、conditions37、A、additional B、excessive C、plentiful D、sufficient38、A、Although B、As C、If D、Whereas39、A、drive B、reduce C、return D、assign40、A、over B、through C、below D、beyondPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41、Speaker A: Hi, My name is Mark. I’m from Houston, Texas.Speaker B: I’m Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you?Speaker A: ________.A、I was born in 1990B、I’ve been here for yearsC、I’m 19 years oldD、I’m a first-year student42、Speaker A: I’m getting pretty bored. We should do something despite the rain.Speaker B: _______ What do you have in mind?A、I back you up.B、Who cares?C、I’m with you.D、I like the rain.43、Man: We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman:________Man: Yes, we did. In fact, we even encountered a lion.A、Didn’t you?B、How did it go?C、I bet you had a great time.D、I guess you did.44、Man: Do you know Jason’s phone number?Woman: _______Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.A、Just a second.B、Not that I know of.C、I can’t think of it now.D、Why ask?45、Interviewer: Let me see if I understood you. You mean that youcan work extra hours if needed, right?Interviewee: __________A、Yes. No matter what you say.B、Yes. Thank you for your clarification.C、Yes. You sure understand me.D、Yes. Absolutely.46、Speaker A: Thanks to John, we’ve lost our most important client.Speaker B: I’ve told you he’s not proper for the position.Speaker A: _______.A、I don’t really agree with youB、I should have listened to youC、It doesn’t matter. I trust himD、Thank you for being so helpful47、Greg: Hey Merlin. I’d like to ask you a question.Merlin: ________Greg: Well, I’m thinking about going to Sweden. What’s the best time to go?A、Yes, go ahead.B、Sorry, I’m kind of busy.C、OK, what’s up?D、Yeah, what’s on your mind?48、Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Dealer.Man: Should we stop at the shopping center?Woman: _______. The wedding’s not until next weed, but I won’t have time later to get them anything.A、Won’t be necessaryB、I suppose soC、It’s your callD、If you insist49、Donald: Let’s eat out, shall we?Mason: I’m broke. I’ve gone through my paycheck for the weed already.Donald: Don’t worry. ________.A、We can find a wayB、Let’s split the billC、Just fast foodD、It’s my treat50、Teacher: Richard, class begins at 9, and you are late.Student: I know, but I missed my bus. I’m sorry.Teacher: __________. You have to be here on time.A、Don’t mention itB、That’s no excuseC、You needn’t beD、No problemPart One Vocabulary and Structure1、【答案】C【翻译】他补充道，州政府为这次会议做出了适当安排。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编26(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We are going to ______ our house by building another room on to it.A．developB．enlargeC．spreadD．stretch正确答案：B解析：enlarge vt．扩大；放大。

develop v. 发展；成长，发育；开发，研制；逐渐显现出。

spread v.摊开，伸开；散布，传播。

stretch v.拉长，延，伸。

2．My students found the book ______: it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.(2006年财政部财政研究所考博试题)A．enlighteningB．confusingC．distractingD．amusing正确答案：A解析：enlightened意为“令人受启发的，启迪人的”；confusing意为“令人迷惑的”。

distracting意为“使人分散注意力的”；amusing意为“有趣的，令人发笑的”。

所以正确答案选A。

3．We must______that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.A．assureB．secureC．ensureD．issue正确答案：C解析：ensure vt.保证，担保。

4．It is true that Matviyenko’s heading of the campaign would ______ certain staffing shuffles in the leadership, and now only a few members of the company were in the know. (2004年厦门大学考博试题)A．concurB．convokeC．entailD．alternate正确答案：C解析：本题空格处是说Matviyenko领导这场战役将会需要一定的人员变动。

上海交通大学考博英语2009年真题(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ VocabularyDirections: There are 40 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that **pletes the sentence. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.Without outside ______ China"s advertising cannot really mature and obtain a foothold in the global ads market.SSS_SINGLE_SELA prestigeB consumptionC pressureD controversy分值: 0.5答案:D[解析] 名词词义辨析。

prestige“威望，声望”；consumption“消费，耗费”；pressure“压力，压迫”；controversy“争论；争战”。

根据句意，耍想mature and obtain a foothold，就必须有controversy。

故答案为D。

2.Our program is different ______ it stresses the technical skills that business and industry seek as they incorporate the internet intotheir enterprise systems.SSS_SINGLE_SELA now thatB in thatC in caseD regardless of分值: 0.5答案:B[解析] 逻辑关系。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编18(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．John did not have to write the composition if he didn’t want to. It was ______.A．imperativeB．optionalC．criticalD．unnecessary正确答案：B解析：optional a.可作选择的，非强制的。

imperative a．必要的，极重要的；命令式的，必须做的。

critical a.决定性的，关键性的，危急的；批评的，批判的。

unnecessary a.不必要的。

2．The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being______ of everything they do.(2002年清华大学考博试题)A．emotionalB．optimisticC．interestedD．critical正确答案：D解析：本句说班里的学生没一个喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。

选项“emotional情绪的，情感的；optimistic乐观的；interested感必趣的”都不对，只有“critical批评的，苛刻的”符合句意，因此D项正确。

3．I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.(2003年中国人民大学考博试题)A．complimentB．criticizeC．flatterD．challenge正确答案：B解析：题中的denounce的意思是“公开指责，谴责”：criticize的意思是“批评，责备”，与之相符，如：His policies were severely criticized．(他的政策受到了严厉批评。