On the instantaneous spectrum of Gamma-Ray Bursts

RE22R2AMR.The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or technical characteristics of the performance of the products contained herein.

This documentation is not intended as a substitute for and is not to be used for determining suitability or reliability of these products for specific user applications.

It is the duty of any such user or integrator to perform the appropriate and complete risk analysis, evaluation and testing of the products with respect to the relevant specific application or use thereof.

Neither Schneider Electric Industries SAS nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall be responsible or liable for misuse of the information contained herein.Sep 7, 20151Product data sheetCharacteristicsRE22R2AMROn-delay Timing Relay - 0.05s…300h - 24…240V AC/DC - 2C/OMainRange of productZelio TimeProduct or componenttypeModular timing relayDiscrete output typeRelayDevice short nameRE22Nominal output current8 AComplementaryContacts type and composition1 C/O timed or instantaneous contact, cadmium free1 C/O timed contact, cadmium freeTime delay typeAAwTime delay range0.3...3 s1...10 s0.05...1 s3...30 s10...100 s30...300 s3...30 min30...300 min3...30 h30...300 hControl typeExternal potentiometerDiagnostic buttonRotary knob[Us] rated supply voltage24...240 V AC/DC at 50/60 HzRelease input voltage<= 2.4 VVoltage range0.85...1.1 UsSupply frequency50...60 Hz (+/- 5 %)Connections - terminalsScrew terminals : 2 x 0.2...2 x 1.5 mm², AWG 24...AWG 16 flexible cable with ca-ble endScrew terminals : 1 x 0.2...1 x 2.5 mm², AWG 24...AWG 14 flexible cable with ca-ble endScrew terminals : 2 x 0.5...2 x 2.5 mm², AWG 20...AWG 14 solid cable withoutcable endScrew terminals : 1 x 0.5...1 x 3.3 mm², AWG 20...AWG 12 solid cable withoutcable endTightening torque0.6...1 N.m conforming to IEC 60947-1Housing materialSelf-extinguishingRepeat accuracy+/- 0.5 % conforming to IEC 61812-1Temperature drift+/- 0.05 %/°CVoltage drift+/- 0.2 %/VSetting accuracy of time delay+/- 10 % of full scale at 25 °C conforming to IEC 61812-1Control signal pulse width30 ms100 ms (with load in parallel)Insulation resistance100 MOhm at 500 V DC conforming to IEC 60664-1Recovery time120 ms (on de-energisation)Immunity to microbreaks<= 10 msPower consumption in VA3 VA at 240 V AC2Power consumption in W1.5 W at 240 V DCSwitching capacity in VA2000 VAMinimum switching current10 mA 5 V DCMaximum switching current8 AMaximum switching voltage250 V ACElectrical durability100000 cycles for 2 A at 24 V DC-1100000 cycles for 8 A at 250 V AC-1Mechanical durability10000000 cyclesRated impulse withstand voltage5 kV for 1.2...50 µs conforming to IEC 60664-1Power on delay< 100 msCreepage distance4 kV/3 conforming to IEC 60664-1Overvoltage categoryIII conforming to IEC 60664-1Mounting positionAny positionMounting support35 mm DIN rail conforming to EN/IEC 60715Status LEDYellow LED (slow flashing) for timing in progress and output relay energisedYellow LED (fast flashing) for timing in progress and output relay de-energisedYellow LED (steady) for output relay energisedGreen LED backlight (steady) for dial pointer indicationProduct weight0.105 kgEnvironmentDielectric strength2.5 kV for 1 mA/1 minute at 50 Hz between relay output and power supply withbasic insulation conforming to IEC 61812-1StandardsIEC 61812-1UL 508Directives2004/108/EC - electromagnetic compatibility2006/95/EC - low voltage directiveProduct certificationsCCCCECSAGLULRCMEACChina RoHSAmbient air temperature for operation-20...60 °CAmbient air temperature for storage-40...70 °CIP degree of protectionIP50 (front panel) conforming to IEC 60529IP20 (terminals) conforming to IEC 60529IP40 (housing) conforming to IEC 60529Pollution degree3 conforming to IEC 60664-1Vibration resistance20 m/s² (f = 10...150 Hz) conforming to IEC 60068-2-6Shock resistance5 gn (in operation) (duration = 11 ms) conforming to IEC 60068-2-2715 gn (not operating) (duration = 11 ms) conforming to IEC 60068-2-27Relative humidity95 % at 25...55 °CElectromagnetic compatibilityImmunity to microbreaks and voltage drops (test level: 100 % - 20 ms) conform-ing to IEC 61000-4-11Immunity to microbreaks and voltage drops (test level: 30 % - 500 ms) conform-ing to IEC 61000-4-11Fast transient bursts (test level: 2 kV, level 3 - direct contact) conforming to IEC61000-4-4Conducted RF disturbances (test level: 10 V, level 3 - 0.15...80 MHz) conformingto IEC 61000-4-6Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test (test level: 10 V/m,level 3 - 80 MHz...1 GHz) conforming to IEC 61000-4-3Electrostatic discharge (test level: 8 kV, level 3 - air discharge) conforming to IEC61000-4-2Electrostatic discharge (test level: 6 kV, level 3 - contact discharge) conforming toIEC 61000-4-2Surge immunity test (test level: 2 kV, level 3 - common mode) conforming to IEC61000-4-5Surge immunity test (test level: 1 kV, level 3 - differential mode) conforming toIEC 61000-4-5Fast transients immunity test (test level: 1 kV, level 3 - capacitive connecting clip)conforming to IEC 61000-4-4

HBL天体中X射线和γ射线辐射研究

李斯;李丙郎;王雪品;钟微;刘文广

【摘 要】We study the correlation coefficient between X-ray and γ-ray

radiation of BL Lac object Mrk 421 using power-law function F γ-ray∝ F

c/sX-ray to describe the relationship between them.Our results show

that:(1)the radiation mechanism of X-rays and gamma rays can be

explained by synchrotron self-Compton(SSC) model for HBL objects.In the

word,X-rays are derived from synchrotron radiation,but the inverse

Compton scattering originate from the interaction between the soft

photons from the synchrotron radiation and the high energetic

electrons,and the gamma rays are produced from the process.(2)the

energy band of the X ray maybe affect the size of the index c/s.%利用幂律函数关系Fγ-rayY∝ Fc/sX-ray研究了HBL天体Mrk421的X射线和γ射线辐射流量间的相关系数.研究结果表明:(1)对HBL天体而言,X射线和γ射线的辐射机制可以用均匀自康普顿(SSC)模型来解释,即X射线源于同步辐射,同步辐射过程中产生的软光子和高能电子之间发生逆康普顿散射,产生了γ射线;(2)X射线能段范围会影响到幂律关系式中指数c/s的大小.

arXiv:0804.2141v1 [astro-ph] 14 Apr 2008DraftversionApril15,2008PreprinttypesetusingLATEXstyleemulateapjv.10/09/06

THEPROMPT,HIGHRESOLUTIONSPECTROSCOPICVIEWOFTHE“NAKED-EYE”GRB080319B∗

V.D’Elia1,F.Fiore1,R.Perna2,Y.Krongold3,S.Covino4,D.Fugazza4,zzati2,F.Nicastro1,L.A.Antonelli1,S.Campana4,G.Chincarini4,5,P.D’Avanzo4,M.DellaValle6,11,12,P.Goldoni7,D.Guetta1,C.Guidorzi4,E.J.A.Meurs8,9,E.Molinari4,L.Norci9,S.Piranomonte1,L.Stella1,G.Stratta10,G.Tagliaferri4,P.Ward8.

DraftversionApril15,2008

ABSTRACT

GRB080319Breached5thopticalmagnitudeduringtheburst.ThankstotheVLT/UVESrapid

responsemode,weobserveditsafterglowjust8m:30saftertheGRBonsetwhenthemagnitudewas

R∼12.Thisallowedustoobtainthebestsignal-to-noise,highresolutionspectrumofaGRBafterglow

ever(S/Nperresolutionelement∼50).Thespectrumisrichofabsorptionfeaturesbelongingtothe

Ballistictestsandnumericalsimulationsfor

containmentcapabilitycharacterisationof

Waspaloy󰀁alloy

M.DiSciuva1,M.Degiovanni1,M.Mattone1,M.Gherlone1,

N.Bonora2,A.Ruggiero2&C.Frola3

1AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,PolitecnicodiTorino,Italy2IndustrialEngineeringDepartment,UniversitàdiCassino,Italy3EngineeringAdvancedTechnology,AvioS.p.A.,Italy

Abstract

Thisarticlepresentstheresultsofanexperimentalandnumericalactivityfor

thecharacterisationofthecontainmentcapabilityofWaspaloy󰀁alloy,usedfor

thecaseinaircraftengines.Theballisticfacilityisdescribedandtheimpact

experimentsoutcomesarediscussed;somepreliminarynumericalsimulationsare

alsobrieflypresented.

Keywords:bladecontainment,ballistictests,airgun,Waspaloy,highstrainrate,

impactresponse.

1Introduction

Turbinecasingsaretheheaviestelementsofanaircraftengine,thusthelightening