定语从句
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定语从句的引导词定语从句是汉语中常用的一种句子结构,用来描述或限定名词的一些属性或特征。
在构建定语从句时,需要使用引导词来引导整个从句的开始。
以下是一些常见的定语从句引导词:1. 关系代词:关系代词用于引导定语从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有:关系代词:关系代词用于引导定语从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有:- 人称:用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁(who)”和“那(whom)”。
“谁”用作主语,而“那”用作宾语。
例如:“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”(约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
)人称:用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁(who)”和“那(whom)”。
“谁”用作主语,而“那”用作宾语。
例如:“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”(约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
)- 物称:用于指代事物的关系代词有“那(that)”和“ which”。
一般来说,“那”用于非限制性定语从句,而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如:“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”(我买了一本有趣的书。
)物称:用于指代事物的关系代词有“那(that)”和“ which”。
一般来说,“那”用于非限制性定语从句,而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如:“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”(我买了一本有趣的书。
)2. 关系副词:关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括:关系副词:关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括:- 地点:用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
例如:“This is the place where I grew up.”(这是我长大的地方。
)地点:用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
定语从句的特点定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,用于修饰名词或代词。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,并在主句中充当名词的修饰语。
定语从句有以下几个特点:1. 修饰名词或代词:定语从句主要用于修饰前面的名词或代词,以进一步说明或限定其含义。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 位于名词之后:定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. (穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
)3. 与先行词有一定的关系:定语从句的引导词与先行词之间有一定的关系,如关系、时间、地点、原因等。
例如:I like the movie that we watched last night. (我喜欢昨晚我们看的那部电影。
)4. 修饰性质多样:定语从句可以修饰名词的性质、数量、状态、时间、地点等。
例如:The car that is parked outside is mine. (停在外面的那辆车是我的。
)5. 可省略引导词:在定语从句中,关系代词"that"在口语中常常可以省略,但关系代词"which"不能省略。
例如:The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)6. 可以使用不同的引导词:定语从句的引导词有多种选择,如关系代词"that/which/who"和关系副词"when/where/why"等。
例如:This is the house where I used to live. (这是我过去住过的房子。
)7. 可以有不同的语序:定语从句的语序可以有两种形式,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
英语里的定语从句
定语从句是指在句子中使用的一个子句,用来修饰名词或代词,表明它们的身份、属性、位置等等。
在英语中,定语从句通常用逗号与主句分开,并且放在被修饰的名词或代词之前。
下面是一些定语从句的例子:
- My favorite book is written by a famous author.(我最喜欢的书是由一位著名的作家写的。
)
- The girl who is singing is my friend.(唱歌的女孩是我朋友。
)
- The car that I bought last month is already giving me problems.(我上个月买的车已经开始给我出问题了。
)
在英语中,定语从句可以用作直接修饰名词或代词,也可以用作间接修饰名词或代词。
下面是一些例子:
- The girl who is singing is my friend.(唱歌的女孩是我朋友。
)
- The book that I am reading is interesting.(我正在读的书很有趣。
)
- The car that I bought last month is already giving me problems.(我上个月买的车已经开始给我出问题了。
)
定语从句可以帮助英语句子更加细致、精确地表达意思。
英语中的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子结构,它能够为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更加丰富和准确。
在学习和运用定语从句时,我们需要掌握一些基本的用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,而关系副词则包括where, when, why等。
在选择引导词时,我们需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来决定。
1. 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时,我们可以使用关系代词who, which或that。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
)2. 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或that。
例如:I have a friend whom I can always rely on.(我有一个朋友,我总是可以依靠他。
)3. 当引导词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或关系副词where, when等。
例如:This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.(这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。
)二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以出现在主句的前面或后面,具体位置取决于定语从句的内容和语境。
当定语从句的内容对于理解主句非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的后面。
例如:I bought a book that was recommended by my teacher.(我买了一本被我的老师推荐的书。
)另外,当定语从句的内容对于理解主句并不是非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的前面,并用逗号与主句隔开。
例如:The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.(天气很好,我们决定去野餐。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等,绝对没有;关系副词有 where, when, why 等。
关系词常有 3 个作用:①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般 whom 作为宾语。
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, who 做主语指人, whom 作宾语指人,that 既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
在从句中所起作用如下:(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗? ( who/ that 在从句中作主语)(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
( w hom/that 在从句中作宾语)(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ,who ,whom ,whose ,which;关系副词有 when ,where ,why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ,whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
1 / 4 语法复习:定语从句 第一部分:知识结构
1.引导词有几个? 一共有9个:who, whom , whose, that, which, when, where, why, as 与名词从句相比:定从不能由what和how引导;which的含义改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。
2. 引导词的功能有哪些? ⑴引导定语从句。 ⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。(先行词在从句中不再出现)
3. 定语从句的关键是什么? 首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句: 放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词,则一定是主语从句。
放及物动词后,若及物动词不是被动语态,后面一定是宾语从句;若该及物动词是被动语态,后面一般是主语从句(It+ is +
adj/n./done+ that/whether/when…)或状语从句。 When he will be back remains unknown. When he came back he turned on the TV. I don’t know when he will be back. It is unknown when he will be back. It was because my alarm clock was broken that I was late this morning..
4.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。 2.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 4.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等; 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 (注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。) 定义:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 主句:The man is a policeman. 从句:who is shaking hands with my father. 用来修饰先行词the man 关系词who在定语从句中作主语 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 主句:The film was not interesting at all. 从句:which they went to see last night 用来修饰先行词the film 关系词which在定语从句中作宾语 The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it. 主句:The reason is that he had not made any preparation for it. 从句:why he failed the examination用来修饰先行词the reason 关系词why在定语从句中作原因状语
第二部分:考点击破 1.关系代词的选择 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.who指人,在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 2 / 4
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?(注意:the + 名词 + of which/whom常考!)
2.介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句(重点!) 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意: 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等 (1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2 在特定语境中,可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句 The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man. “从门后面” from behind the door “从海那边”from across the sea
3.关系副词与关系代词的选择 1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,此时先行词常为reason。 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 4. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park. I’ll never forget the day________________ I spent with you.
4.whose用法 表示所属关系 There are in this class 20 students, ______ are different. A.whose backgrounds