新标准英语六年级下册专题复习——比较级和最高级

新标准英语六年级下册专题复习——比较级和最高级1、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的含义：在英语中，当我们需要对事物做出比较时，也就是在表示“比较……”和“最……”时，形容词或副词要用特别的形式，称为“比较级”和“最高级”，原来的形容词或副词称为“原级”。

原级比较级最高级young年轻 younger较年轻 youngest最年轻old老 older较老 oldest最老clean干净 cleaner较干净 cleanest最干净a.注意：英语中只有形容词或副词才有比较级或最高级。

要分别记住形容词和副词的两个用法（形容词：修饰名词a good girl，和系动词连用It is good；副词：修饰动词sing very loudly，修饰形容词very good）。

b.区别：形容词或副词有原级、比较级和最高级；而名词有可数和不可数之分，可数名词又有单、复数之分；而动词有单三形式、现在分词和过去式以及小学阶段尚未接触的过去分词等形式。

各种词性的变化形式及其变化规则不要混淆。

2. 形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法:a. 单音节词和少数双音节词（少数以-y，-er，-ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er （比较级），-est（最高级）。

以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。

以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。

例如：clever cleverer cleverest，narrow narrower narrowest，able abler ablest，easy easier easiest，early earlier earliest,sunny sunnier sunniest）以加-er和-est的方式构成比较级和最高级(-er读作/ /;-est读作/ /)：A.一般直接加-er/-est long – longer/longestB.以-e结尾直接加-r/-est nice – nicer/nicestC.以辅音字母加-y结尾的，变y为i，再加-er/-estheavy – heavier/heaviest early – earlier/earliestD.闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个字母，再加-erbig –bigger/biggest red–redder reddest (fat,thin,hot，wet)E、不规则变化（小学阶段没有强调比较级或最高级的不规则变化）good/well-better/best bad/badly-worse/worstlittle –less/least many/much-more/most old/elder/eldestfar-farther/farthest（仅用于指距离）或further furthest 注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。

如：right, wrong, woolen等。

b. 部分双音节词(除以上a.所讲以-y，-er，-ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）外，其他的双音节词一般加more或most构成比较级或最高级)或多音节词在前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级：原级比较级最高级slowly more slowly most slowlyuseful more useful most usefulimportant more important most importantdifficult more difficult most difficultinteresting more interesting most interesting注：形容词+ly构成的副词，加more, most构成比较级和最高级.例：slowly—more slowly—most slowly 小贴士：音节——音标中，不相邻的几个元音因素构成几个音节，所谓单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。

dog/ / early/ / loudly/ / interesting/ / 拓展学习：I. 学会下列形容词的比较级和最高级：原级比较级最高级1. tall taller talleststrong stronger strongestold older oldest2. large larger largestfine finer finestlate later latest3. big bigger biggesthot hotter hottestthin thinner thinnest4. easy easier easiestbusy busier busiesthappy happier happiest5.valuable more valuable most valuabledangerous more dangerous most dangerouscomfortable more comfortable most comfortableII. 给出下面形容词的比较级和最高级：1.bright2.wide3.fat4.tidy5.highzy7. heavy8.hard9.sad 10.brave 11.silly 12.sincere13.beautiful 14. early 15. close16.interesting 17.dirty 18. difficult19. delicious 20.loudly 21.noisy3、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的用法：a.比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，表示其中一个比另一个“更……”或“（比）较……”，后面用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或事物。

例如：That ruler is longer than this one.(one指代前面提到的ruler) Mary is yonger than me(I).(than后人称代词可用主格或宾格) The boy runs faster than the girl.注意：What do you like better,rice or hamburger?I like rice better.(该句虽然不是“……than……”句型，但也含有“比较……”的意思，给出了rice 和Hamburger两者,问你比较喜欢什么，显然是两者比较选其一，应该用比较级表达，like……better意思是“比较喜欢……”)b.用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个“最……”，表示这一意思时形容词或副词要用最高级形式。

注意：A.最高级前一般要用定冠词the（形容词最高级前必须带定冠词the,但是形容词最高级之前有所有格名词或代词时,不用the，如This is my/Lisa’s dearest book. 副词最高级前可带the也可不带the）,句中一般有一个表示比较范围的介词of或in短语(用in表示范围,of表同类,如Tom runs fastest in our class. He is the tallest of the three.)。

He is the fattest in our class.He run (the) fastest of all the students.B.of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in后面一般接表示某一单位或场所的名词。

Of all the boys in our class Tom is the youngest.(= Tom is the youngest of all the boys in our class.)Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.(one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，意思是“……是最……之一”)C. What do you like to eat best,bread,rice or hamburger?I like rice best.(该句虽然不是“A+比较级+than B”或“A+最高级+of/in the……短语”句型，但也含有“比较……”、“最……”的意思，给出了bread、rice和Hamburger 三者,问你最喜欢吃什么，显然是三者比较选其一，应该用最高级表达，“like……best”意思是“最喜欢……”)4.形容词或副词的比较级和最高级拓展学习：a.比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours.或My hair is longer than your hair.b.可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot ,far,“……得多”；a little,a bit,“……一点儿”；even，“甚至,更加”；still，“仍然，还”。

但very(很，非常),quite（很，非常）,too（太）,so（那么）只能修饰原级。

many只能修饰可数名词复数(=lots of,a lot of)，不能修饰形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级。

more/most构成比较级或最高级，但不修饰比较级或最高级。

Some和any也可以修饰比较级，表示“……一点点”。

例如：Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.Tom looks even younger than before.It’s getting too hot. The dog is singing very loudly.Many pelple saw him.This book is more interesting than that one.c.英语中，两个比较级用and连接(加-er构成的比较级)，或more and more +原级（加more构成的比较级），表示“越来越……”。

例如：Summer comes after spring.It’s getting hotter and hotter.Computer is more and more important in our life. EXERCISES一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级1. nice _______ _______2. fat _____ ______3. happy _________ ___________4. much ________ _______5. little ________ _________6. bad ________ ________7. far _________ _________ 8. early _________ _________9.busy _________ _________10.tall11_________ _________11.careful_________ _________12. exciting _________ _________二、选择题( )1. She is ________ than ________ .A. busier / usB. busier / weC. more busy / usD. more busy / we( )2. -Which is ____ season in Beijing? --I think it's autumn. A.good B.betterC.bestD.the best( )3.--Which is_________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?-- Of course, the moon is.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.the mallest( )4.The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago. A. clean B.cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest( )5. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before. A. cheap B.cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest( )6. Which is _____ , a bicycle or a computer?A.expensiveB.more expensiveC.the most expensiveD.much expensive( )7. The Yellow River is one of ______rivers in China.A. longB.longer C .the longest D.more longer ( )8.These children are____ this year than they were last year.A. more tallB. more tallerC. very tallerD. much taller ( )9.When spring comes,thedays get ____ and nights ____.A. short; longB. long; shortC. longer; shorterD. shorter; longer ( )10. Which do youthink tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well ( )11. Which do you like___, tea or coffee?A. wellB. betterC. bestD. most( )12. This work is ____ for me than for you.A. difficultB. most difficultC. much difficultD. more difficult 三、根据句意,用括号内所给形容词的比较级形式填空1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.2.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?3.He is one of the_______ (friendly) people in the class, I think.4.A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.5.Nowadays (现在) English is ________ ( important ) than any other subject.6. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold)7. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)8. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.9. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).10. The ________ (much), the __________ (good).【the+比较级…,the+比较级…，表示越…越…】。