英语演讲选修课chapter 1ABC
- 格式：doc
- 大小：68.00 KB
- 文档页数：6
chapter 1ABCWhy Study Public SpeakingIncrease personal and social abilitiesEnhance your academic and career skillsRefine your general communication abilitiesIncrease your public speaking abilities….Increase Personal and Social Abilitiesself-awarenessself-confidencedealing with the fear of communicatingPublic Speaking VS ConversationPurpose: both communicate with a certain purposeAudience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners.Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse.Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones. Impromptu speeches are rare.The essentials of a speechObjective: why am I making this speech?Audience:whom am I making this speech to?Place:whereTime and lengthMethod of delivery:howContent:whatNotesRehearsal: identify weakness, practice difficult pronunciationsDealing with nervousnessAcquire speaking experiencePrepare, prepare, prepareThink positivelyUse the power of visualizationKnow that most nervousness is Not visibleDon’t expect perfectionAcquire Speaking ExperienceEnrolled in a public speaking courseStage fright: fear of the unknownLearning to give a speech is not much different from learning any other skill---it proceedsby trial and error. The purpose of your speech class is to shorten the process, to minimize the errors, to give you a nonthreatening arena---a sort of laboratory--- in which to undertake the “trial”Think positivelyConfidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking.Negative Thought & Positive ThoughtI wish I didn’t have to give this speech.This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.I am not a great public speaker.No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give.TermsPositive nervousness---controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.Visualization---mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation.Creat a vivid mental blurprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speechOther tips for dealing with nervousnessBe at your best physically and mentally. A good night’s sleep will serve you better.As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. Such actions help reduce tension by providing an outlet for your extra adrenaline.Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. Most people take short and shallow breaths, which only reinforces their anxiety. Deep breathing breaks this cycle of tension and help calm your nerves.Work especially hard on your introduction. Research has shown that a speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 seconds of a presentation Make eye contact with members of your audience. Remember that they are individual people, not a blur of faces. And they are your friends.Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on worrying about your stage fright. If you get caught up in your speech, your audience will too.Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.chapter 2 topicSelecting a topic⏹Speeches outside the classroomthe occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications⏹Speeches in the public speaking classno designated topic⏹What is a suitable speech topic?⏹Worthwhile⏹Appropriate⏹Limited in scopeSuitable topic⏹Worthwhilesignificant implications for the audience⏹Appropriateknow a lot, like to learn more⏹Limited in scopedividing the topic into several significant parts.⏹General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标⏹To inform: convey informationenhance the knowledge and understanding⏹To persuade: advocate or partisanChange or structure the attitudes or actionsDifference: explain or exhort⏹Specific purpose 具体目标to inform my audience about…to persuade my audience to …Explain ←→exhortSpecific Purpose⏹Specific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes toaccomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句⏹Topic: Emergencies⏹General purpose: To inform⏹Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to anemergencyTips for formulating the specific purpose statementTip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段）⏹Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question陈述句Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main pointTip 5Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or generalPhrasing the central idea(Also called thesis statement, subject sentence, major thought )⏹What is the central idea?⏹Guidelines for the central ideaWhat is the central idea?⏹ A one-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech. It is what you wantthe audience to absorb from your speech.⏹In persuasive speechesarguable, debatable, take your stance⏹In informative speechesrelatively neutral and objective⏹The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.⏹The central idea is a concise statement of what you expect to say.⏹Guidelines for the central idea⏹The central idea1. Should be expressed in a full sentence2.should not be in the form of a question.3. should avoid figurative language4. should not be vague or overly generalSummary⏹Selecting a topic⏹Determining your general purpose⏹Determining your specific purpose⏹Phrasing your central ideaFour brainstorming procedures⏹Make a quick inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, experiences, beliefs, and soforth.⏹Use the technique of clustering and write down on a sheet of paper the first topics thatcome to mind in several categories.⏹Look through a reference work for ideas⏹Use a World Wide Web subject directory such as Yahoo to help you scan possible topic.。
