肾错构瘤自发性破裂出血的诊治

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肾错构瘤自发性破裂出血的诊治
作者:黄勇, 袁亚光, 闫俊, 朱小军

【摘要】 目的 探讨肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊断和治疗方法。方法
回顾分析1997~2006年诊治的14例肾错构瘤破裂出血患者的临床资
料,14例患者均行B超及CT检查,12例行肾切除术,1例行肿瘤剜
除术,1例行保守治疗。结果 13例患者术后恢复良好,1例剜除术患
者经14个月随访,未见复发,1例行保守治疗者病情稳定。结论 B
超和CT检查对诊断肾错构瘤破裂出血有帮助,并能提示病变的性质以
及确定出血的范围,直径大于4cm的肾错构瘤应积极手术治疗,手术
时应尽量保留有功能的肾组织。

【关键词】 肾肿瘤; 错构瘤; 自发性破裂
Diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma with
spontaneous rupture hemorrhage

HUANG Yong, YUAN Ya-guang, YAN Jun, et al.Department of
Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical
College,Huhhot 010050,China
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【Abstract】 Objective To study the methods for diagnosis
and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma with spontaneous
rupture.Methods The clinical data of 14 cases with renal
angiomyolipoma rupture were reviewed. All the patients were
examined by ultrasonography and CT scanning. Twelve received
nephrectomy , one received partial nephrectomy , one case
treated conservatively.Results Thirteen patients underwent
surgical operation restored to health smoothly, one patient
received partial nephrectomy were healthy and the other patient
treated conservatively had no change with his disease.
Conclusions Ultrasound and CT scanning are helpful with the
diagnosis which may confirm the character of the lesion and the
range of bleeding. If the tumour exceeds 4 cm, active treatment
should be considered. Any operative management should preserve
the functional nephrons as much as possible.

【Key words】 renal neoplasms;angiomyolipoma;spontaneous
repture

肾错构瘤又称肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,是较少见的肾良性肿瘤。由
于早期无任何症状,常不能引起注意,肿瘤一旦破裂出血引起严重的
临床症状,如果诊治不及时,甚至危及患者的生命。我院于1997~2006
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年收治肾错构瘤破裂出血患者14例,现将其诊治情况报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 本组14例,男5例,女9例;年龄23~60岁,
平均42.5岁。肿瘤位于右侧8例,左侧6例。9例有突发性腰腹部疼
痛,伴面色苍白,其中5例同时有恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状,3例为
腰腹部不适伴肉眼血尿,2例为只有腰腹部不适,无肉眼血尿。

1.2 影像学检查 14例均行B超和CT检查。B超显示6例呈典型
表现,诊断为肾错构瘤破裂出血,7例诊断为肾肿瘤、肾周筋膜有出
血影,1例诊断为肾囊实性肿块,边界不清,其内表现有强光团,周
边有液性暗区。CT检查10例诊断为肾错构瘤破裂出血,4例诊断为肾
脏占位性病变。所有病例瘤体直径均大于4cm,最大8cm×11cm×15cm。

2 结果
13例患者术后恢复良好,病理检查均报告为肾错构瘤,未发现
恶变。其中1例行剜除术患者经随访14个月,未见复发。另1例B
超及CT检查提示孤立肾错构瘤并瘤体内出血,经保守治疗,出血停止,
临床症状缓解,随访2年,病情稳定。 3 讨论