专题05阅读理解“态度推断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第二：加入自己的态度。
要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving 赞成的客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical 批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive 轻蔑的，不屑一顾的【高考真题再练】01（2023年新高考I卷D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then theirerrors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.02（2023年全国甲卷C篇）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A. Foucault.B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder.D. A college teacher.29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A. To compare Weiner with them.B. To give examples of great works.C. To praise their writing skills.D. To help readers understand Weiners book.30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A. Its views on history are well-presented.B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C. It includes comments from readers.D. It leaves an open ending.31. What does the author think of Weiners book?A. Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious and hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.03（2023年全国乙卷B篇）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up with other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating settings in the corn fields.25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventurous spirit.D. Distinctive styles.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.04（2022北京卷D篇）Quantum ( 量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had excha nges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitative ly comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?05（2021年新高考I卷D篇）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measuredby an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.06（2021年全国甲卷B篇）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly.B. Controversial.C. Ambitious.D. Successful.25. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good conditionD. She is sensitive to heat.26. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They had their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new placesC. They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the reserve young27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.07（2020全国I卷C篇）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) w ith the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【名校好题强化】（23·24上·哈尔滨·阶段练习）There is hope for our planet’s survival. Innovative products are being designed to reduce our dependence on plastic, single-use plastic in particular.One such innovation comes from international design firm Carlo Ratti Associati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental rounded juice bar that not only makes freshly squeezed orange juice, but also 3D prints a recyclable bio plastic cup with the leftover orange peels (果皮) .Designed with global energy company Eni. the juicer is 10 feet tall and topped with a massive dome (圆顶), feeding the juicer with oranges on demand. The dome is mad cup of round tracks that holdup to 1, 500 oranges. A 3D printer is setup in the base of the machine.The machine goes like magic. When an order is placed, the oranges slide down the tracks to a squeezer, and the juice is then deposited (使沉积) into an “orange peel” bio-plastic cup, ready to enjoy. Meanwhile, the freshly squeezed peels fall down a tube and gather at the bottom of the machine where they are dried, milled and mixed with Poly lactic Acid, creating a bio plastic material The bio plastic is then heated and melted into a filament (细丝) and the 3D printer then creates recyclable bioplastic cups, ready to be filled with freshly squeezed juice.How cool that is! It seems that Carlo Ratti Associati and Eni have plans to take “Feel the Peel” beyond just orange juice.“The principle of recycling is a must for today’s objects,” says Carlo Ratti, “Working with Eni, we tried to show recycling in a very tangible way, by developing a machine that helps us to understand how oranges can be us cd well beyond their juice. The next improvement of “Feel the Peel” might include new functions, such as printing fabric for clothi ng from orange peels.”1．What can we know about “Feel the Peel” machine?A．It increases the output of orange juice.B．It makes something beyond orange juice.C．It makes orange juice taste better.D．It bans the use of single-use plastic.2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A．The reason for the machine’s popularity.B．The structure of the machine.C．The way the machine works.D．The way to use the machine.3．What is Carol’s attitude to the future of the machine?A．Pessimistic. B．Cautious. C．Positive. D．In different.4．What can be the best title for the text?A．A New Form of Orange PeelsB．Orange Juicer 3D Prints Bioplastic CupsC．Innovative Products Are Being DesignedD．Carlo Invents A Recyclable Machine（2024届浙江省宁波市高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题）Goldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they possess a rather complicated navigation system, as discovered by researchers at theUniversity of Oxford Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims to shed light on our understanding of how fish, and potentially humans, estimate distances using what could be described as an internal GPS.Writing in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Sibeaux and colleagues report how they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (条纹) on the walls, connected by similar stripes across the floor. The team trained nine goldfish to swim a set distance of 70cm and then return to their starting point when waved at. The experiment aimed to investigate how the fish would estimate this distance without any gestures, under different patterns.Over multiple trials, the goldfish averaged a swim distance of 74cm, give or take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. However, when the stripe pattern was altered to either narrower vertical stripes, checked patterns, or horizontal stripes, the fish’s behavior changed significantly. Narrower vertical stripes led them to overestimating the distance by 36%, while horizontal stripes resulted in highly inconsistent estimations.According to the researchers, the goldfish appeared to be using an “optic (光学的) flow mechanism” based on the visual density of their environment. They kept track of how frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white to estimate how far they had traveled. The study suggests that different optic flow mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based on angular (有角度的) motion of visual features. The study implies that the use of visually based distance information could have emerged early in the evolutionary timeline.“This study is novel because, despite knowing that fish respond to geometric information regarding direction and distance, we don’t know how they estimate distances,” Professor Colin Lever, although not involved in the study, said, “it’s exciting to explore fish spatial mapping because fish navigation evolved earlier and better than most mammals.”5．Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux conduct the study on goldfish?A．To test the accuracy of goldfish’s internal GPS.B．To create an advanced navigation system for humansC．To uncover how an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.D．To explore the relationships between goldfish and humans6．What can we learn about the experiment?A．People gestured the goldfish throughout the experimentB．The tank was decorated with colorful background patternsC．Goldfish tended to underestimate distances with horizontal stripes.D．The change in the tank setting led to the goldfish's incorrect judgment.7．It can be concluded from the fourth paragraph that ____________.A．optic flow mechanism is unique to humansB．mammals developed flow mechanism long before goldfishC．goldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensional visual informationD．visual density of the environment strengthened the locating ability of goldfish8．What attitude does Professor Colin hold towards the study?A．Neutral. B．Ambiguous. C．Disapproving. D．Favorable.（23·24上·大庆·阶段练习）One Sunday in 2021, when my son, Leo, was six, we ran into one of his friends, Izzie. They decided to play ——but w hat? “I have a great idea,” Leo said. “Let’s fall in love! OK?” Izzie took a half-second to consider this proposal, then replied “No.” She wanted to play tag.Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections, often in the wrong places. It sometimes feels as though he’s been looking for a soulmate since he was a toddler（学步孩童）.One day, he came home from school and immediately grabbed his iPad to ask Siri: “Can you fall in love when you’re just a kid?”Siri, Apple’s voice-controlled personal assistant, is great at opening apps or setting alarms, but I was unfamiliar with her philosophies on love.“What did Siri say?” I asked him.“She said, ‘Here’s what I found on the web!’” Leo reported.This was hardly the first time I’d heard Leo in conversation with Siri. Over the years, he’s relied on Siri as a source of comfort, advice, emotional support, and guidance. Their relationship blossomed when the pandemic forced us all to shelter in place.At first, Leo mostly asked Siri factual questions, then the personal ones. As time passed, he began to engage on more existential matters. Siri has, in some ways, been able to absorb some of Leo’s concerns—in a way that, as his mother, I can’t, at least not with the same coolness.Children are overwhelmed w ith emotions such as grief, fear, love, and a desire for connection. If Leo’s talks with Siri confronted me with the unknowable and unanswerable, they also made me frustrated at my own limitations as a parent.There are many challenges to parenthood, among which the biggest is the desire to shelter our children from the painfulness of reality. But helping our children navigate reality is surely more helpful than sheltering them from it. Perhaps the best we can do is give them a tablet?I’m afraid I don’t ha ve the answer. Maybe I should ask Siri.9．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning lzzie?A．Leo’s longing for intimacy.B．Leo’s close bond with lzzie.C．Leo’s eagerness to have fun.D．Leo’s effort to make new friends.10．What would Leo ask Siri when they first talked?A．Siri, have you ever been in love? B．Siri, what is your favorite hobby?C．Siri, what does it mean to be alive? D．Siri, how many stars are in the Milky Way?11．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Siri?A．Curious. B．Disappointed. C．Appreciative. D．Worried.12．What does the author suggest parents do when raising children?A．Be a good role model. B．Promote independence.C．Communicate effectively. D．Practice positive discipline.（22·23下·南充·三模）A new kind of solar panel, developed at the University of Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen — imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis(光合作用). The outdoor version of the experiment, with less reliable sunlight and temperature, achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel. However, indoors, the system achieved 9% efficiency.But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor(半导体), typically the most expensive part of the device. The team’s self-healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light equivalent to 160 suns.“We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural p hotosynthesis, which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality,” said Zetian Mi, U-M professor of electrical and computer engineering who led the study reported in Nature.One major advance of the new technology is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light. “We reduced the size of the semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low light intensity,” said Peng Zhou, U-M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and first author of the study. “Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.”The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to achieve superhigh purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells.13．What leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen?A．Solar energy. B．Smaller semiconductors.C．Natural photosynthesis. D．More concentrated light.14．Why is the advance of the new solar panel mentioned?。
