译林牛津版高中英语专题6总复习：高一重点词汇六知识讲解

Unit 4 unit 5：：知识讲解重点单词：harm【点拨】harm n．& vt.损伤；伤害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.’s) doing sth.（某人）做某事有（无）害处。

It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth.（对于某人来说）做某事有（无）害处。

The court case will do serious harm to my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。

What he did harmed his reputation. 他所做的损害了他的名声。

mean no harm 没有恶意He may look fierce, but he means no harm.他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。

harmful adj.有害的；伤害的be harmful to 对……有害Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

【拓展】harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害exist【点拨】exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活There exists/existed....某地有……，存在……There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。

exist in 存在于……之中That word doesn’t exist in Engli sh. 英语中没有这个词。

exist on 靠……为生They exist on very little food.他们靠极少的食物来生存。

exist by 靠……生存You can’t exist by hope alone; you have to have some properly thought-out plan.你不能只在愿望中生活, 应该有个经过深思熟虑的计划。

【拓展】existent adj.存在的，现存的existence n.存在，生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生When did the world come into existence？世界是什么时候开始产生的？puzzle【点拨】puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂；n. 难题；谜This sentence puzzles me. 这个句子令我困惑。

puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜It’s quite a puzzle to us why he did that. 他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。

puzzling adj. 令人困惑的The question is puzzling to me. 这个问题令我困惑。

puzzled adj. 感到困惑的I was puzzled how to solve the problem.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。

be puzzled by 被……迷惑surround【点拨】surround vt. & vi. 包围，环绕，围绕be surrounded with/by... 被……环绕/包围be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中The Los Angeles Basin is surrounded on three sides by high mountains.洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。

【拓展】surrounding adj.周围的in a surrounding area 在周围地区The peasants are allowed to cultivate the surrounding land.允许农民耕种周围的土地。

surroundings n. (pl.) 环境Animals in a zoo are not living in their natural surroundings.动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。

measure【点拨】measure vt. & vi.测量，丈量，计量be measured in 以……来计算This room measures 6 meters by 4. 这个房间有6米长，4米宽。

Did you measure the distance between those two development areas?你们测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗？n. [U] 量度，测量，尺寸；n. [C] 措施make clothes to one’s own measure 量体裁衣by measure 按尺寸beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决问题。

within【点拨】within prep.在……之内；不越出You should receive a reply within seven days.你会在七天内收到答复。

within one’s power 力所能及It wasn't within my power to help her.帮助她并非我力所能及的事。

【拓展】相关短语有：within reach 够得着within sight 在视线范围内within an hour 一小时内within call 在附近；随叫随到within reason 理智地；合理地border【点拨】vt. & vi.与……接壤；接近border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎相同；近似France borders Germany along parts of the Rhine.法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。

The large garden is bordered by a stream. 大花园紧临一条小溪。

border n. 边界；国界；边沿a border town 边境城市the border of the lake 湖边on the border of 将要，接近于，在……的边界上The plane crashes exactly on the border of Canada and the United States.飞机刚好在加拿大和美国的边界上坠毁。

confirm【点拨】confirm vt.证实，确认，批准，确定The experiment confirmed his theory. 那实验印证了他的理论。

The President confirmed that he would visit Japan the following month.总统证实他将于下个月访问日本。

Their advice confirmed my decision. 他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。

confirm a rumor 证实传闻confirm the time of arrival 确定到达的时间confirm one’s belief 坚定信念confirm a project 批准某个项目confirm a contract 批准合同confirm sb. in office 批准……上任【拓展】confirmation n.证实，证明，确定，证明书confirmed adj. 已被证实的；确定的distance【点拨】distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方In the distance, I would see them waving their hands. 在远处，我看到他们在挥手。

out of distance from 离……太远，达不到keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远keep one’s distance from 与……保持距离v. 不介入；与……疏远distance yourself from 不介入；与……疏远I don't know the distance from Beijing to Shanghai.The hospital is not distant at all.The oil painting looks better at a distance．那幅油画从远处看效果更好一些。

【拓展】distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的The hospital is not distant at all. 那家医院并不远。

account【点拨】If you have an account with a bank or a similar organization, you have an arrangement to leave your money there and take some out when you need it. 如果你在银行或相关机构有一个“account”，你会在那儿留下一笔钱，有需要时再取出来。

Some banks make it difficult to open an account. 在有些银行设立账户很困难。

You use on account of to introduce the reason or explanation for something. 还可以用“on account of”来说明或解释某事的原因。

A newly-married couple, he thought, on account of (= because of) their walking so close together. 他想“这是一对新婚夫妇”，因为他们走路挨得很近。