初中定语从句课堂讲解

Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
✓that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可
省略.
The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The apple which is red is small The apple which is green is big.
Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.
Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?
分解
I know the girl. The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
关系代词
3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以 代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
作主语
the tall
the strong
boy
the clever
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is tall is Tom.
The boy who is strong is Tom
The boy who is clever is Tom
Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?
关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前 面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom 代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)
1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .
✓Whom 作定语从句的宾语,在口 语和非正式文体中常用who代替， 可以省略.
The woman whom/who they
wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman.
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round faTceh.e boy who has a round face is Tom.
The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.
4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.
The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
关系代词
1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略） The man( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.
2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
✓whose 作定语从句的定语.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
which,that which,that whose,of which
最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting
yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.
Is it the one that you want ? I haven’t got much that I can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用 that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
先行词前有the only，the very，the same，the last等词修饰时，只能用 that。例如：This is the same bike that I lost.
不 应 该 拿 去 贩卖、 出租， 可老屋 一 座 残 垣 破 壁，却 养活了 几代生 灵
所 有 的 心 思 随风、 随云飘 过 就 连 那 残 留 的书香 也冲出 老屋
流 向 那 棵 属 于祖母 的枣树 还 有 那 棵 属 于母亲 的梧桐 树 至 于 印 在 墙 壁上的 嬉、笑 、怒、 骂
像 潮 水 般 向 我涌来 我 仿 佛 看 到 几辈人 生 活 的 缩 影 ，像幻 灯一样
This is the most interesting story( that )I
have ever heard.
The first meeting( that) we will take part
in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是 something, nothing, anything， little ,few,much,many, all,等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词
关系பைடு நூலகம்词
which, who, whom, Where, when whose, that
➢关系词作用
1.代替先行词; ２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
老 屋 ， 异 样 的情怀
我 是 被 一 种 牵挂的 声音召 唤来的 思 念 的 绳 索 ，一头 系着老 屋 一 头 系 着 我 流血的 心尖 拼 命 的 拉 扯 ，疼痛 难忍 我 就 像 一 个 懵懂的 孩子 一 头 撞 入 母 亲的怀 里，然 后 将 一 种 莫 名 的情怀 倾吐
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
合并句子:
1.The man is a worker. 2.The man is speaking at the meeting.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
(Attributive clause)
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
❖ 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系 代词可用which或that;
❖ 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词 人 物
主格
宾格
所有格
who,that who(m),that whose
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
the red the green the small apple the big
The apple which is red is mine.
The apple which is green is yours.
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that I can remember well the persons and
some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时
2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.
定语从句中需注意事项 先行词是物，关系词只能用that,而不宜用 which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数 词修饰时
✓当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导.
➢who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
✓who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker. 分解
老 宅 、 老 院 ，年久 失修的 老屋 装 满 了 撕 心 裂肺的 牵挂
走 进 老 屋 ， 我就是 一个顽 皮的孩 子 那 些 与 我 有 着血缘 关系的 人们 心 中 的 牵 挂 不比我 单薄 再 多 一 点 就 会淹没 破残的 门槛
一 处 美 丽 的 风景、 一种别 样的情 怀 只 适 合 观 赏 ，只适 合怀旧
以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为 避免重复，只能用that。
例如：Who is the girl that is crying？
先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用that的 情况：
１．先行词为that，those时，只能用which。例 如：What is that which is under the desk?
作宾语
The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语)
The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.
只 剩 半 截 的 烟囱 不 想 加 重 空 气的浓 度
听 不 到 半 点 呼吸 只 享 受 雾 霾 的侵淫 被 岁 月 掩 埋 的老井
看 不 到 一 丝 一毫
2.
3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把 主句和从句连起来）
❖ 关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行 词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之 后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the
meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
➢ 定语从句的用法:
✓当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.
These are the trees which were planted last year.
➢概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.
合并为一个句子
Mary is a girl who has long hair.