1备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点20虚拟语气(含解析)

1 考点20 虚拟语气

高考频度：★★★★☆

【命题解读】

对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。

【命题预测】

在特定语境下，情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。

【复习建议】

1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；

2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；

3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法；

4. 掌握名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法；

5. 掌握wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气的用法。

考向一 if条件句中的虚拟语气

if条件

从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式

表示现

在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形

表示过

去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词

将

来情况 should＋动词原形

should/would/could/might＋动词原形 动词过去式

were to＋动词原形

☞If I were you，I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你，我会带把伞。 2 ☞We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home.

如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。

【巧学妙记】

虚拟语气记忆口诀

虚拟语气表愿望；

If句中三情况；

与现事实若相反；

从过全were 主would原；

过从had过分连；

Would have过分键；

从过were to should原；

Would动原主将反。

1.(2017·北京卷·单项填空) They might have found a better hotel if they _________

a few more kilometers.

A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven

【参考答案】D

2.(2017·北京卷·单项填空) If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident

would never have happened.

A. had been put B. were put

C. should be put D. would be put

【参考答案】A

【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用had done形式， 故答案选 A。句意：如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话， 这次事故就不会发生了。 3 2.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one,

I __________.

A. were injured B. would be injured

C. had been injured D. would have been injured

【参考答案】D

【答案解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。

考向二 错综时间条件句的虚拟语气

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

☞If you had followed the doctor’s advice，you would be better now.

如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。

1. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be

enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught B. caught

C. have caught D. would catch

【答案】A

点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。

2.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should

not be here now.

A. had not been B. should not be 4 C. were not to be D. should not have been

【参考答案】A

【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。

考向三 省略if的倒装句

在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。

☞If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→Were I at school again, I would study harder.

如果我重回学校，我会更加努力学习。

☞If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.

要是你来的再早点，你可能就赶上公交了。

☞If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

要是明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。

(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)________not for the support of the teachers, the student

could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it

C. It was D. Was it

【参考答案】B

考向四 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。 5 （1）用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。

☞Without electricity human life would be quite different.

=If there were no electricity, human life would be quite different.

如果没有电，人类的生活将会有很大不同。

（2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。

☞I lost your address. Otherwise, I would have visited you long before.

=I lost your address. If I hadn’t lost your address, I would have visited you

long before.

你的地址我弄丢了，要不我早就去拜访你了。

（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。

☞He would have given you more help,but he was too busy. 他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。

也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙。

☞He would lose weight,but he eats too much. 他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃得太多了。

也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。

1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket

yesterday, but I'm not sure.

A. should leave B. must have left

C. might leave D. could have left

【参考答案】D

6 2.（2015·重庆卷·单项填空）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous

novel A Farewell to Arms.

A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written

C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written

【参考答案】D

【答案解析】本题是含蓄条件句。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了武器》。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。

考向五 名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中

常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。

☞Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.她妈妈建议她去看医生。

【特别提醒】

★ suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。

试比较：

☞He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。