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AutoDecay 5简要说明

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AutoDecay 5.0 README for UNIX, Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, etc.

This version of AutoDecay is written in Perl () an open source

("free") programming language.

Versions:

1.0 First Hypercard Stack for Apple Macintosh

2.0 Rewritten Hypercard Stack

3.0 C-version for Apple Macintosh written with N. WikstrC6m

4.0 Amended Hypercard stack. Standalone versions distributed

5.0 Perl version, Aug. 2001

It may be possible to obtain various previous versions. The latest versions may

be found at: http://www.bergianska.se/personal/TorstenE/

From August 2001 only the Perl version is maintained.

Perl runs on most platforms including flavours of UNIX (Linux, BSD

including Mac OS X and others), Windows and Mac OS Classic (MacPerl is used for

system versions before 10). In this way AutoDecay has now become much more

accessible. If you don't have Perl, see for info on how to

obtain it.

Version 5.0 differs from previous versions of AutoDecay:

* Designed to use PAUP* 4.0. Older versions of PAUP may not work.

* Invoked from the command line.

* Minor changes in internal file format (simple fix can be applied to old files).

* Uses shorthand version of constraint trees.

* Defaults for PAUP* runs are read from settings file.

* Any of the tree, adc or log files can be input for the extraction

* No multiple command files. (Ask me if you really need it)

* No scaling of weights

INSTALL

* Download the file autodecay-.tar.gz to where you want AutoDecay.

* Gunzip and Extract the files. A directory 'autodecay' will be created.

* The following files are included:

Folder UNIX

AD - The AutoDecay program

AD.def - Settings file containing defaults

HelpText - Info on how to run AutoDecay

README - This file

Folder MacClassic

AD - The AutoDecay program

AD.def - Settings file containing defaults 2

HelpText - Info on how to run AutoDecay

README-Mac - Apple Macintosh readme

Folder WinDOS

AD - The AutoDecay program

AD.def - Settings file containing defaults

HelpText - Info on how to run AutoDecay

README-WinDOS - Microsoft readme

The only real difference (except for the README files) is that the line endings

are adjusted appropriately. Move the set of files which is appropriate for your

system, to a convenient location.

* Check that AD is executable by you

* Adjust $PATH if need be or copy AD to a directory which is in your path.

* If your perl executables don't reside in /usr/bin you'll have to modify

the first line of AutoDecay accordingly.

* Read the HelpText.

I've been told by my colleagues that there may be others out there who

might want to use my auto decay tool. Here is a short description:

Background

In wanting to assess the node support in phylogenetic hypotheses, K. Bremer

[The limits of amino acid sequence data in Angiosperm phylogenetic

reconstruction. Evolution. 42: 795-803 (1988)] estimated how much longer a

tree had to be before a particular node was lost. He did this by saving all

shortest trees, the ones one step longer, and then computing a strict

consensus tree. Then adding all cladograms two steps longer and

"consensing" all together, noting which nodes collapsed at each step - and

so on. The difference in length between the shortest three(s) and the

tree(s) collapsing a certain node has then been used as an index of support

for that node ("Decay index").

There is a problem with this approach: Trying to save all trees, say, 10

steps longer than the shortest ones might be impossible for practical

purposes due to limited time and computer memory. A solution was

incorporated (although, it seems, not generally known) in PAUP [Swofford,

D. L. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (Computer program).

Smithsonian Institution, Washington. (1993)]. Swofford applied reverse

constraints which accomplished the same function. However, and here is why

I actually made this tool, it is kind of tedious to make the constraint

trees needed to test all nodes in a tree.

What Auto Decay does 3

It reads a nexus file including a trees block with at least one tree. It

decomposes this tree and creates constraint trees for every node. A PAUP

command file is then made with all necessary commands to automatically run

a reverse constraint analysis (batch file in PAUP) for every node in the

tree. It then reads the PAUP log file and computes node support indices for

all nodes.

What Auto Decay is

It is a Hypercard stack which means that an Apple Macintosh is needed. You

will need Hypercard 2.0 or later and HyperCard Player is sufficient. You

also need PAUP 3.1.1. It may be possible to run on older versions of PAUP -

合集下载

第1章 CATIAV5R18基本操作

第1章 CATIAV5R18基本操作

第1章 CATIA V5 R18基本操作

知识要点

 用户界面介绍

 基本操作

 常用工具介绍

 训练实例

CATIA软件是由法国达索公司开发的CAD/CAM/CAE集成化应用软件系统，在世界CAD/CAM/CAE领域中处于领先地位。CATIA起源于航空工业，如今却应用到各行各业中，包括汽车制造、造船工业、机械制造、电子电器等行业，它的集成化解决方案基本覆盖了所有的产品设计与制造领域，能够较好地满足工业领域中各类设计需求。

本章主要以CATIA V5 R18 软件为操作平台，着重介绍CATIA 工作环境基本操作方法、环境参数的相关设置以及软件操作系统的配置要求等内容。对初学CATIA的读者来说，这是入门前必须掌握的基本内容之一。

1.1 用户界面介绍

选择“开始”→“MechanicalDesign（机械设计）”→“零件设计”命令，弹出“新零件”对话框，输入零件名称，如图1-1所示。单击“确定”按钮，进入【零件设计】工作界面，这是CATIA软件设计三维造型的一个重要的设计工作平台。

图1-1 零件设计菜单

【零件设计】主界面包括标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、绘图区、罗盘、模型树等部分，如

图1-2所示。

图1-2 【零件设计】主界面 绘图区 标题栏

菜单栏

模型树

罗盘

工具栏 工具栏

坐标平面

命令提示栏

命令行

1.2 基 本 操 作

1.2.1 文件的基本操作

1．新建文件

CATIA文件的类型很多，如零件、曲面和组件等，若要创建一个CATIA零件，则必须知道设计零件的类型。新建文件的快捷键为Ctrl+N。

选择“开始”→“MechanicalDesign（机械设计）”命令，展开其子菜单，如图1-3所示。子菜单中包含了很多模块，其中常用的模块包括【零件设计】、【Assembly Design（装配）】、【草图编辑器】和【线框和曲面设计】等，这些子模块的主要作用如图1-3所示。

EasyTouch5_EasyTouch组件及类的中文说明文档

EasyTouch5_EasyTouch组件及类的中文说明文档

EasyTouch组件：

Enable EasyTouch：启用或关闭EasyTouch功能，如果关闭，则所有事件绑定失效

Enable Unity Remote：是否允许与UnityRemote这个手机远程调试插件进行关联，记得在真正导出项目到手机的时候去掉这个勾勾

EasyTouch.GUI Compatibility

Enable Uniyt UI detection：启用或禁用对UGUI进行手势检测

Unity UI compatibility：

启用：如果粘键（同时触摸查过一个UGUI）则UGUI不会被检测到（手势事件不会被触发）

禁用：不管有没有粘键，都会触发手势事件，并且会将手势事件所在的类Gesture中的isOverUIElement这个属性设置为true

Auto update picked Unity UI：是否需要EasyTouch每一帧都去更新触摸检测到的所有UI数据

Enable NGUI Compatibility：是否启用对NGUI所属的层对象和NGUI摄像机的检测

NGUI Layers：哪个层是NGUI对象所在的层

Camera：哪个摄像机是NGUI摄像机

EasyTouch.Automatic selection:

Enable auto-select:是否对EasyTouch的自动检测规则进行设置

pickable layers 3D：对哪个层所在的物体进行检测（如果物体是预制体拉到场景中生成的时候，必须设置该项为true，不然easytouch识别不了）

Auto update picked gameobject：启用：EasyTouch每一帧都去更新触摸检测到的所有游戏物体的所属数据（例如触碰到什么，现在你的手指所在的屏幕坐标......，具体的可查看Gesture类）

禁用：有些游戏物体的数据则可能不会被实时得到，例如手指所在的屏幕坐标，通俗来说就是当你手指持续触摸屏幕的时候，Gesture中会有些数据不会实时更新，而这些数据只会在你离开停止触摸屏幕，然后在下一次触摸屏幕的那一刻只更新一次！

Focus-5 生成器指南说明书

Focus-5 生成器指南说明书

GeneratorsA Focus-5 guide to help you decide what’s right for you!Focus-5: |

21. Size really mattersThe most important thing to consider when sizing a generator is the high inrush currents associated with starting electric motors and transformers, which are typically six times the full load current. However, inrush currents for the type of high-efficiency motors being specified today can be almost double that amount.As a result, it has been common practice to take motor and transformer starting kVA requirements as a yardstick to determine the size of a generator. This approach often results in generators being oversized for the motor running load and not based on the actual needs of the application. Moreover, it disregards other key factors that play a key role in sizing generators. For instance, harmonics caused by variable frequency drives and sequential starting of motors. When starting motors or transformers, large voltage and frequency dips can also occur if the generator set is not sized properly. Furthermore, other loads connected to the generator output may be more sensitive to voltage and frequency dips than the motor or motor starter, which can cause problems.Thankfully help is at hand. Many generators can now be equipped with solutions to overcome the extra excitation systems required in the alternator. Typically, two options are offered: permanent magnet or auxiliary winding. Both provide the generator with three times their nominal current to cover inrush peaks from the electrical motor, for a minimum duration of ten seconds, via a residuary excitation current.In certain cases even more advanced options are available. For instance, some generators feature a digital automatic voltage regulator (D-AVR) that is specifically designed to handle the high inrush currents associated with starting motors and transformers. In specific applications, this type of voltage controller allows operators to downsize the generator requirement because the transient behaviour of the power is better managed. Another option could be to use a “Close Before Excitation” system that closes the breaker

Easy5介绍

Easy5介绍

MSC Easy5

控制/多学科系统级虚拟样机建模分析软件

MSC Easy5是一套面向控制系统和多学科动态系统的仿真软件，用于在产品的概念和系统级设计阶段快速地建立完整、可靠的功能虚拟样机。

MSC Easy5诞生于波音公司，是由各学科领域富有经验的工程师和数值计算专家根据实际的工程问题和需求合作开发的，经过近30年的不断积累和大量工程问题的检验，发展成为独一无二的控制与多学科动态系统仿真分析工具，可谓波音公司工程仿真经验的结晶，被广泛应用于航空航天、国防、汽车、工程设备、重型机械等工业领域。借助MSC Easy5强大的专业应用库、精确的模型元件、性能卓越的求解器和丰富的分析手段，可以建立控制及多种学科领域的动态系统模型，进行有效的仿真评价，帮助用户对各类系统进行参数选定、功能评价、响应分析或控制逻辑设计，从而减少物理样机试制的风险。

MSC Easy5兼具完全的图形化建模环境、强大的仿真和分析能力、连接其它多种工程软、硬件的开放结构，可以对各种由微分、差分和代数方程描述的动态系统进行仿真。MSC

Easy5的独到之处在于：其一，强大的控制系统仿真分析能力，可以建立各种复杂的控制系统模型，包含稳态分析、线性系统分析、频域响应、根轨迹分析等完整的控制系统分析类型；其二，多学科专业应用库，借助专业应用库中的预定义模型元件，向用户提供独一无二的建立系统级模型和研究多学科系统耦合问题的能力；其三，卓越的代码生成和求解器，可以由图形化系统模型自动生成相应的FORTRAN或C源代码，这些代码可以通过编译生成可执行程序，并可被用户调用；其四，高效的高级建模和二次开发功能，方便用户创建用户化模型元件，并可调用外部FORTRAN或C子程序；其五，与其它CAE软件良好的集成能力，可以将不同CAE软件所建立的模型集成到MSC Easy5中建立完整的虚拟样机，是真正的协同仿真平台。

MSC Easy5的模型元件既包括来自通用控制库的基本数学模块和控制元器件，也包括来自专业应用库的系统级部件。此外，用户还可以通过加入FORTRAN或C代码建立用户化部件，以定制特殊元件或部件。这使得MSC Easy5具有良好的适用性，可以满足不同层次的建模和仿真需求，用户完全可以根据需求来决定从元件库中选择何种元件构建模型，建模方式非常灵活。