可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。不可数名词没有复数形式.
二、可数名词的家务事
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则变化如下：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：
book → books room → rooms
house → houses map →maps
2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：
bus → buses glass → glasses brush → brushes
watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：
city → cities body → bodies party→ parties
factory → factories story → stories family → families
4. 以"元,音字母+y"结尾的名词,在词尾直接加-s. 如:
boy → boys day→ days monkey → monkeys key → keys
5. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：
half → halves leaf → leav es thief → thieves shelf → shelves
knife → knives wife → wives wolf → wolves life → lives
但roof →roofs
6 以o 结尾的名词变复数时加-es , 如: Negro → Negroes hero → heroes
potato →potatoes tomato → tomatoes 加-s: 如：
photo → photos radio → radios zoo → zoos
piano →pianos kilo → kilos kangaroo →kangaroos
(6)由man, woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man,
woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers; woman teacher→women
teachers
但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。•如：a banana tree→banana trees; a shoe factory→shoe •factories
.不规则变化
可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:
如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; Policeman →policemen policewoman →policewomen
Englishman →Englishmen
tooth→teeth; foot→feet; goose→geese mouse →mice
(2) 词尾加( r ) en 如: child→children ox →oxen
(3)单复数形式相同
如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; deer →deer
Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese
yuan→yuan
形式为单数意思为复数
如：people，police,
形式为复数意思为单数
如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。
总以复数形式出现:
如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses, goods ,compasses
Scissors ,jeans
只用作复数的: people, police
以复数形式出现,但表示单数: news ,Maths , physics , politics
集体名词的数: 集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体如: family ,class , team , group 等, 他们以单数出现,北但实为复数. 如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数. 如:
My family are watching TV. My family is a happy one .
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案：
1. sheep
2. food
3. teeth
4. water
5. people
6. photos
7. tomatoes
8. leaves
9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice
