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高一英语必修一外研版每单元语法经典总结

高一英语必修一外研版每单元语法经典总结
高一英语必修一外研版每单元语法经典总结

4 Module 1 My First Day at Senior High Grammar 1: 一般现在时和现在进行时

英语中有些形容词是由动词的 ---ing 构成的 (通常表示事物给人的感觉, 意为“是令人

感到 ? ..的”),有些形容词是由动词的 ed 构成的(通常表示人对事物的感觉,意为 “对 ??感到?? 的”)。前者表示主动的意义,后者表示被动的意义。由于他们的形式 与现在分词和过去分词完全一样, 故又称它们为 “ 分词形容词” ,在句中做表、 定、状、

Module 2 My New Teachers Grammar :后接 V-ing 的动词 (1)英

语中有很多的动词后只跟动名词作宾语:如 advise, consider, admit, appreciate, mind , avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, deny, enjoy, keep (on ), practice, resist, escape , risk , put off, explain, quit ( 停止 ), tolerate, pardon, allow, forbid, miss (错过 ) , suggest, advise, recommend, finish, envy, can't help

补等成分。常见的有: amazing --- amazed frighting ----- frightened boring- ---bored moving ----- m oved disturbing - disturbed

tiring ---- tired

amusing ---- amused confusing-- confused discouraging-- discouraged

astonishing -- astonished disappointing — disappointed encouraging –

( 2) 有一类动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语;如果后面跟名词、代词加宾补, 则宾 补用不定式‘这类常见的可记忆为“阿福的帽子” :FU 'S CAP : allow, forbid, understand, suppose, consider, advise, permitted

eg: ① We don ' t allow using mobile phone here. ② We don't allow him to use mobile phone here. ③ He is not allowed to use mobile phone here.

(3) “动词 + 介词”构成的短语, 其后往往跟动名词作宾语。 尤其是含有介词 “to “的 动名词短语;常见的有: be used to 习惯于,

devote oneself to 致力于; lead to 导致;see to 注意,处理 pay attention to ; get down to ; stick to; get accustomed to ; look forward to

(4) “what \ how about + v-ing ”常用来征询意见,意为“。 。。怎么样? eg: What about going on a picnic?

(5)有些动词后跟不定式与动名词的意义差别较大,高考出现频率较大:

forget to do sth doing sth remember

to do sth doing sth

regret

to do sth doing sth

op to do sth doing sth

mean to do sth

doing sth

try to do sth

(努力\ 试图做 sth)

doing sth ( 尝试做某事 )

go on to do sth

doing sth (with sth )

can't help to do sth

doing sth

【注】: remember, forget, regret 后跟 doing 与跟 having done 的意思一样。 (6)动名词的复合结构:动名词的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构。 其结构由物主代词或人称代词 (宾语)、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成 , 在句子开头 必须用名词所有格或物主代词。

eg:① Tom's doing sth 可作主、宾、表 His doing sth

② Tom doing sth 可作主、表

Him doing sth

Module 3 My First Ride on a Train

Grammar 1: 动词的过去分词

①及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成,或两者兼而有之 eg: a respected teacher a broken cup ②不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成的含义 eg : He is a retired worker.

③V-ed 形式的分词形容词作定语说明所修饰的名词的状态, 容词 eg : a surprised look disapointed children ④过去分词可以和形容词或副词一起构成合成形容词一起做前置定语 eg: a highly-developed industry a widely-used language ⑤过去分词短语作后置定语放在所修饰词的后面,逻辑上相当于一

个被 义,是一个

(1)作定语 无被动的含 动的定语从句

eg:→ It is a book (which is )recommended by the teacher.

→ Many people (who were)invited to the party were famous

scientists. (2)作表语:表示主语的特点或所处的状态 eg:The door remained locked.

(3)作补语:过去分词(一般是及物动词的)表示被动或完成,有时兼而有之,作宾 补得过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或对 象。

eg:She found the door broken when she came in. ( 4)作状语 :修饰谓语动词分词动作与主语之间常构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 即被动关系。 过去分词作状语,意义上相当于状语从句,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步、方式

eg : Given more attention , the trees could have grown better. eg:Asked many times , I told him the secret. eg:The teacher came in, followed by his students.

④ 表让步 ; eg:Shown many times , he couldn 't operate the machine on his own.

⑤ 表方式: eg : She was in tears as if deeply moved by the film.

Module 4 A social Survey My neighbourhood

Grammar ①表条件: ②表时间:

Grammar :形容词和副词的比较级英语中的形容词和副词常有三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的,属于规则变化,但也有少数是不规则变化。

规则变化

单音节词在词尾加 --er 构成比较级,加 --est 构成最高级。以 ---e 结尾的单音节词直接加 --r 和 --st ;

以辅音字母结尾且前边只有一个元音字母的,双写最后一个辅音字母,再

加 -- er 和 ---est

hard --- harder hardest late --- later --- latest hot hotter hottest

2.双音节词和多音节词的比较级和最高级

( 1)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的双音节形容词,把 y 变为 i ;再加 --er 和 ---est happy happier

happiest

其他的双音节词和多音节词大都在前边加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级 exact --- more exact --- most exact warmly ---more warmly most warmly 【注】:以 --ly 结尾的副词,除了 early 外,其他均使用 more / most 构成比较级和最高级

有少数几个双音节词以及以 --er 及 --le 结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式

common --- commoner / more common - commonest / most common

simple --- simpler / more simple - simplest / most simple

【注】:像 unhappy 这样的以 --y 结尾的双音节形容词的反义词,其比较级和最高级形式有两种:unhappier /more

unhappy --- unhappiest / most unhappy

不规则变化

【注】: older, oldest 指年龄的大小关系,而 elder , eldest 指兄妹之间的长幼关系。 older, oldest 既可以作定语还

以作表语,而 elder , eldest 只可用来作定语。 farther ,farthest 多指具体的距离;而further , furthest

多指程度上“进一步”等抽象意义。形容词和副词等级的用法

1. 原级比较的用法

( 1)在肯定句中用“ as + 原级 +as”的结构

eg: My handwriting is as good as yours .

She could do as well as a man .

在否定句中,用“ not so / as +原级+ as ”的结构

eg: I didn't do my homework so /as carefully as you .

I am not so / as busy as i used to be .

【注】:如果第一个 as 后的形容词作定语修饰名词,应该将形容词和名词一起放在第一个 as 的后面

eg: We have produced as many computers as we did last year . I don't make as much money as you do.

比较级的用法

当甲大于乙时,用“比较级 +than”表示;当甲小于乙时,用“ not + 比较级 + than”或“less + 原级

+than ” 表示

eg: Robert jumps higher than any of the others .

She doesn't work harder than you ( do ) .

I look less young than you ( do )。

【注】:在此类表示比较的结构中应该注意避免和包括自身的对象进行比较

any other + 单数名词

all the other + 复数名词

比较级 + than + anyone else

any of the other + 复数名词注意在使用比较等级时被比较内容的对等性 Her voice is as sweet as a bird . (错误) Her voice is as sweet as that (=the voice )of a bird . (正确)比较级的一些特殊用法

①“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越。

The city is becoming more and more beautiful .

②“ the + 比较级。。。。。, the + 比较级。。。。”。表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的平行增长,意为

The more you learn , the more you know .

③the + 比较级 + of the two + n. (复数) The taller of the two boys is my brother .

④“ more + 原级 + than ”表示“与其说。。。。倒不如说。。。。”。

She is more shy than cold .

⑤no more than 与 not more than 的用法

She spent no more than ( =only :不过,仅仅,表示少的意思) 50 dollars on the coat. She spent not more than (不超过,表示客观的数量) 50 dollars on the coat .

⑥“ can / could not + 比较级”表示最高级的意义

I couldn't agree more . The idea sounds great to me .

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