常用工程词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineeringdevelopment organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material装修材料ventilation 通风natural ~ 自然通风mechanical ~ 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system空调系统(air) void ration（土）空隙比albery壁厨，壁龛a l mery壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt (malthoid) 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝tee三通管tap存水弯esthetics美学formwork 模板（工程）shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation桩基deep foundation 深基础shallow foundation浅基础foundation depth基础埋深pad foundation独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation筏基box foundation箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯electric elevatorlift well电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μYoung’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量Esafety coefficient 安全系数fatigue failure 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板window blind 窗帘sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concretemortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentagereinforcing work钢筋工程residential building居住建筑rigid foundation刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sand cushion砂垫层saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill窗台silty soil粉质土single door单扇门double door双扇门single reinforcemen单筋tsliding door推拉门sliding window水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板store room贮藏室structural drawings结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation隔热through ventilation穿堂风timber structure 木结构wood structuretoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper描图纸lawn 草坪treatment of elevation立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂retarding admixture缓凝剂water-reducing agent减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump坍落度water-cement ratio水灰比w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength抗拉强度compressive strength抗压强度bending strength抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料building material continuous beam连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows窗间墙stability稳定性stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram应力-应变图damp-proof coating防潮层osmosis渗透osmotic co-efficient渗透系数osmotic pressure渗透压力finite element method 有限单无法finite-difference method有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohr’s circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书bid call招标bid opening开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价，投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course檐口墙，女儿墙parapet (wall) bloodwood 红木redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件building law 建筑法building line 建筑红线building module 建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向building permits for construction建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备building physics建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管built –in cupboard 壁厨cable structure 悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构canopy雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土caterpillar crane 履带式起重机cavity brick空心砖cavity wall空心墙ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板cement floor水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)chain-pull switch拉线开关cromatics色彩学city planning城市规划civil architecture民用建筑civil building民用建筑civil engineering土木工程clay brick粘土砖clerestory天窗clerestory windows高侧窗closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁combination beam 组合梁combination construction 混合结构shear wall 剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度transom （门上的）亮子bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam 梁framework 框架truss桁架statically determinate ~ 静定桁架statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架elasticity弹性plasticity塑性stiffness刚度fiexibility挠度bending moment弯矩~ diagram 弯矩图~ envelope弯矩包络线influence line 影响线aggregate 骨料coarse ~ 粗骨料fine ~ 细骨料admixture外加剂concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滞性geology地质earth pressure 土压力active ~ 主动土压力coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand中砂; fine sand细砂artificial daylight人工采光artificial illumination人工照明art of architecture建筑艺术seismatic design 抗震设计back view 背立面balcony阳台balustrade 栏杆，扶手bamboo scaffolding竹脚手架band iron扁铁，扁钢bar cutter钢筋切断机bar list钢筋表bar spacing钢筋间距base board踢脚板basic module基本模数BC=building code建筑法规beam-and-column construction梁柱结构（框架结构）beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构beam-and-slab construction梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beambeam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beambeam with fixed ends 固端梁bending stiffness弯曲刚度bending strength抗弯强度bending stress弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑commercial buildings商业建筑物,商业房屋compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土compacted soil压实土compaction by layers分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibration振动压实compartmentation隔断completion acceptance竣工验收completion date 竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋compression steel受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程conductor 水落管construction administration 施工管理constructional drawing 施工图,构造图construction and installation work 建筑安装工程construction company 建筑公司construction economics建筑经济construction industry建筑(工)业construction in process 在建工程construction management plan 施工组织设计construction period施工工期construction site 施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变cross wall横墙dark room暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段design scheme设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图development area 开发区digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank distributed load分布荷载distributing bars 分布钢筋distribution reinforcement分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turndomestic building居住房屋,住宅door window落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线dunny厕所,盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载earthquake resistant design抗震设计earthwork土石方工程earthwork quantity土方工程量eave 屋檐effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature jointfactory building厂房figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glass fixed window固定窗flat skylight平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础floor load楼面荷载floor plan楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度story height层高farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steelfoundation beam 基础梁foundation bed 基础垫层gable 出墙~ wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图general layout 总平面图,总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石pebble gravel, pebble stoneground engineering地基工程ground floor plan底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surfacegutter明沟,天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟hair 麻刀hempmixed sand 混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学soil mechanics土力学rock mechanics岩石力学fluid mechanics流体力学abrasive floor防滑地板accelerated cement 快凝水泥accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收acceptance of tender得标acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收access eye 清扫孔，检查孔access hole 检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风acid 酸alkali碱acoustical insulation 隔声red cray 红粘土adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer冷底子油administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理aerial ledder消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额norm for estimating labor requirements劳动定额norm for estimating material requirements材料定额open ditch 明沟open trenchoutside finish 外装修partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂pipeline gas 管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰plinth (wall)勒脚pointing (joints)勾缝pointing masonry勾缝砌体,清水墙porch 门廊,走廊pore water 孔隙水post-tensioning method后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁precast reinforced concrete building预制钢筋混凝土房屋monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土pretensioning method先张法protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网public building公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所public conveniencepump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete halfpace landing楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platformhallway门厅,过道hemp thread麻丝high-rise hotel高层旅馆,高层饭店hip 屋脊线hoop reinforcement环筋,箍筋hull core structure筒体结构inside finish内装修jalousie window 百叶窗, louver windowjunior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder kick strip 踢脚step踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar石灰水泥砂浆lintol (门窗)过梁lintellongitudinal bar纵向钢筋low-rise building低层建筑LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)rmastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料membrane curing薄膜养护metallic tape钢卷尺metal window钢窗mid-span moment跨中弯矩mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio mopboard踢脚板mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window。

建筑工程常用工程词汇Building Engineering and Construction Vocabulary1.项目管理project management现场管理management施工管理construction management政府报批permitting & approvals监理单位supervisory agent质检站quality inspection station设计院design institute协调coordinatio n质量监督quality monitoring工期控制schedule control /工期跟踪schedule tracking安全控制safety control / safety monitoring安全培训safety training安全手册safety manual / handbook每周例会weekly meeting周报weekly report月报monthly report会议记要meeting minutes通知notice记要(备忘录)MOU / memo (memorandum of understanding) 指令i nstructio n业主指令client instruction工程管理公司指令Consultant's instruction监理单位指令supervisory agent's instruction验收acceptanee inspect!on中间验收hold-point inspection / milestone inspect!on隐蔽工程验收concealed work inspection 竣工验4攵f inal completion inspection会议记要格式meeting minutes template公司信笺company letterhead文件归档archiving / archive文件签收记录单transmittal2.人员和单位roles & staffclient业主业主工程师管理公司总承包公司项目经理施工经理政府报批员上建工程师结构工程师机电工程师安全工程师质检工程师档案笛理员合同经理采购经理die nt engin eer / con suitantproject management company = consultant = engineer gen eral con tractorproject managerconstruction manager / site managergovernment permitting liaisoncivil engineerstructure engineerM&E engineer (mechanical & electrical)safety enginee「quality assuranee / quality control (QA/QC) engineer document controlcon tract man agerprocurement manager / purchasing manager项目控制工程师project controls engineer / manager工地秘书工人分包公司专业分包指定分包供应商政府机构总部site secretaryworkerssub-contractorsspecialist sub-contractor desig nated sub-c on tractor / supplier suppliers / ven dorsauthorities / agents headquarters3.开工准备construction preparation进场做开工准备mobilization preparation场地平整site leveling / land grading'青理腐土彳口植物remove cultivation soil and vegetation / site cleaning受污染上壤受污染水水塘contaminated soilpolluted water / river / air pollution pond碎砖瓦砾，废墟rubble垃圾地形地貌debris / garbage / rubbish / refuse terrain搭建临时设施set up temporary facilities安排施工用水、用电、排污arrange construction power, water; sewage打桩机进场地质条件piling machine move in site geological conditions / terrine开工会议（工程启动会）project kick-off meeting 永久水电permanent r water / power 开工典礼ground-breaking ceremony开工典礼服务公司GBC service agent 搭建主席台/讲台set up a stage / podium横幅汽球临时棚bannerballoons temporary shelter临时停车场/道路temporary parking/roads奠基石comer stone(engraved with project name and ground-breaking date) 土堆铲子奠基仪式出席嘉宾政府官员政府机构施工许可证地质勘探红线图植物/花篮邀请函鞭炮礼花红地毯主持人4亠发言人发言稿礼物晚宴着装要求soil pileshovels / spadeinauguration ceremonyguestsgovernment officialsgovernmentai bureaus / agentsconstruction permitgeo-tech survey / reportred-line map (property-line map)plants/flower bouquetinvitation card / lettercrackers fire work red carpet host speech speaker speech script give-away gifts dinner banquet dress code(晚宴装black tie,商务便装business casual,便装casual)礼仪小姐登记登记薄音响系统麦克风扩音器观众彩排model attendants / waitress / ritual girls registratio n registration book / sing-in book audio system micropho ne loudspeaker audiencerehearsal4・采购purchasing / procurement下泄单交货期place PO (purchasing order) lead time 长交货期材料long lead time items催货海关清关陆地送货运送一批货物卸货仓库库存帐单发票提货单信用证离岸价到岸价expediti ngcustoms clearaneeinland transportationshipping shipment un loading storage / warehouse inven tory invoice / bill receipt / legal receipt Bill of Landing / Cargo Bill Letter of Credit (LC) FOB (Free on Board) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)5.工地管理site management工地现场管理场地布置第一期第二期施工段分段施工施工区生活区site / job-sitesite managementsite layoutphase Iphase IIsegment / section segmented construction construction zoneliving quarter / living compound物料仓储区material storage / storage yard / logistical center 加工区fabrication yard现场办公室site offices工人宿舍workers' dormitory门卫间保安guardhouse / security guard围墙进场准备临时水、临时排污工地标志安全标志fence / boundary fencesmobilization / preparation for construction 电temporary power & water for construction temporary sewage systemsite sign agesafety signs / warning signs安全生活用具safety equipment安全帽手套安全鞋保险带急救箱担架helmetglovessafety bootssafety tie-back / harness first-aid kit stretcher安全眼镜safety glasses / goggles工作服uniform焊工眼镜而罩welder's mask监工/工头/组长superintendent / foreman安全拉杆safety barrier安全带子safety banner ( yellow banner)吊车驾驶员crane operator生产组construction crew施工记录construction record施工日记daily log进度Progress进度报告Progress report进度付款Progress payment进度表Progress schedule进度趋势Progress trend / forecast晚间巡逻night patrol工期schedule工期表schedule chart (Microsoft Project)结点milestone检查check / inspect验收inspection流程图flow chart / flow diagram施工il•戈|J construction plan / execution plan施工组织计划construction execution plan施工人员组织表site organization chart管理人员management staff工人workers / labor技术人员technical staff / engineers质量员quality inspector日常作业routine operation / daily operation常规施工作业conventional process材料mate「怡Is设备equipment临时堆放区temporary lay-down area / storage生产设备(进口)临时仓库temporary storage for imported production equipment 租赁的仓库leased warehouse租金/月租金rental / monthly rental桩临时堆放区pile storage yard中间验收hold-point inspection评判标准judgment standards完工complete / completion竣工final completion竣工验收 工期延误final acceptance inspect!on scheduledelay 超过预宦工期ahead of schedule 落后预左工期behind of schedule罚款 雨季 penaltyrainy season （5, 6 月）工程验收记录inspection record 隐蔽工程验收记录 concealed work inspection record 安全事故报告accident report 入住关键途径 材料样品 样品板 通过拒收运行不正常move-in / occupancy critical path material sample sample board accepted/ passed declined / rejected malfunction有缺陷的产品defectivedefectssubstanda 「d products / sub-grade / off-grade product / seconds deformationlocal deformation deflecti on warping / warpage turn-up / turrrove 「along edgeloosingpeeling offdetachedswellrustcolor deteriorationunevennesssandi ngbubbli ngwrin klingscratchesmarkscrack / cracking / fracturefissureleaking / leakageseepagewater stain / water marksflat nesssmoothnesssags and crestsdimples and nipplesbumps / raised bumps缺陷 次品变形 局布变形 下弯 卷曲变形 翻边 脱落/松动 剥落 分离 隆起 生锈 退色 不均匀 起砂 起泡 起皱 刮痕 印痕 裂缝 细裂缝 漏水 渗漏 水痕 平整度 光滑度 凹凸起伏 凹凸小麻点 突起物表面凹坑dent （被砸的）返工rework6.打桩及基础工程piling & foundation work桩pile方桩square pile圆桩round pile导桩pilot pile空心桩hollow pile运桩shipping of piles桩临时堆放区temporary lay-down yard for piles桩的养护curing （所有混凝上的养护）浇制场地casting yard现场拌挠On-site mixing开控excavatio n地沟ditch坑Pit制作桩帽pile-cap模板form work (steel, timber)支模板erect formwork钢筋笼re-bar cage扎钢筋tie re-bar浇制casti ng浇制板，梁,柱cast / slab , beam , column浇混凝土pore con Crete缓凝剂retarder / retarding agent缓凝混凝土retarded cement按体积配料proportioning by volume散装材料bulk material / in bulk养护curing制作地梁cast ground beams钢结构预埋件cast-in anchor bolts回填土back-fill夯实compacting / compact!on振动夯上机vibro-soil compactor设备基础production equipment foundation地基处理soil treatment / foundation treatment压密注浆inject io n grouting防渗水层impervious course / layer单层sole course上工布geo-fabric灌浆grouti ng地下水位underground water table预制桩pre-cast piles打桩机pile driver / piling machine起重机械lifting / applianee / equipment起重滑轮lifting block / chain block 导杆guide pillar 起重杆lifting rod / suspender 定位 positio ning 起吊hoisti ng 打桩piling (drive piles) 试桩pile testing 抗拨试验uplift load test 养护期curing time 地面以下below ground level (土0.00) 地面以上 above ground level7. 地坪工程ground slab slab re-bar stirrup concrete aggregate gravel boulder ceme nt ground slab casting mortar bedding surface screening sealant water proofing membrane Non-skid strips (non - slip 形容人)/ cuts expansion joint settlement joint hardened surface underground pipes (pre-buried) cast-in-sites / cast-in-place / cast-in-situ collapse settleme nt settlement survey ramp / slope grade of slope / gradient pipe ditch 8. 钢结构及砖石工程/结构工程 steal structure & masonry work/ structure work 上部结构 superstructure 钢结构 steel structure 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt / screw锚座 anchor socket螺纹 screw thread预埋件 cast-in anchor主立柱 main columns 柱子底座 plinth型钢 section steel （出（2丄,口，0） I ,angle主梁 main beams次梁 sec on dary beams大梁 girder脊梁 Ridge beam梯条 purlin圈梁 ring girder工字钢 H-column / H-beam / I-beam / 腹 web plate / II 双腹 double-webbed屋顶桁架roof truss 屋檐eaves 屋脊rigid 飞檐 cornice / upturned eaves门、窗框架 window door frames地板/楼板 钢筋 箍筋 fit （混凝土） 碎石（卄料） 石块大石块 水泥地坪浇制 沙浆底层 表面找平层 表面封闭 防水膜 防滑条 伸缩缝 沉降缝 表而硬化处理 地下管道预埋 现场浇铸 倒塌 沉降 沉降观测 坡道 坡度管道沟压条gasket / rubber gasket / bead 金属木板墙面板wall panels屋面板roof panels采光带light belt / skylight / meltable skylight panel彩钢板steel sheet彩钢板三明治板（中间有保温）sandwich panels拼接splice （splice joint, spliced connection, splicer）空间网架space gird钢丝网Barbed wire保温层insulation （fiber; foam）表面钢板skin sheet外层external内层internal室内exterior室外interior表面汕漆处理surface coati ng防火涂料女儿墙山墙红砖层而天沟天沟落水管暗雨水管fire-proof coati ng parapet wall gable clay bricks roof gutter roof valley downspout / down pipe concealed fall pipe护栏（水泥）balustrade落差falling head搭接lap connection屋顶气楼ventilation tower屋顶坡度pitch of roof四坡屋顶hip roof缓坡屋而low pitched roof不上人屋而non-accessible roof百叶窗louver (louver window)铝合金门、窗aluminum doors & windows雨棚canopy小雨棚awning氟碳烤柴FCP (fluorine carbon paint)铝型材aluminum extrusion双层中空玻璃double glazing抗紫外线玻璃low-e glass铸铁cast iron紧固件fastener / fastening bolt夹层mezzanine / mezzanine floor人行桥cat-walk楼梯井staircase well楼梯staircase (single flight, double flight)螺旋式楼梯spiral stairs圆弧扶梯winding stairs车间workshop辅助建筑subsidiary / auxiliary buildings裙房annex / podium局布承压local bearing局布照明local lighting髙杆照明high mast lighting9.砖石工程masonry work水泥ceme nt水泥标号cement grade (200 300 400)钢筋re-bar (steel re-bar)石子aggregate大石块boulder道砖ballast砂子sand木材timber混凝土con crete钢筋混凝土「einforced concrete (RC)商品混凝上Ready-mixed / plant -mixed混凝丄等级concrete grade ( C20, C30, C40) 混凝土坍落度试验slump test配方recipe整体式混凝丄monolithic concrete 整块浇筑monolithic pour 整体浇铸integral cast砂浆砌筑mortar bond混合比mix proportion中间层intermediate layer砌块墙block wall人字辅砌herring bond pavement丁砖砌合header bond一丁一顺砌合Flemish bond 墙面照平抹灰plastering打磨涂料底漆过梁门、窗框地砖polishing / sandingpaint / pain tingprimer coati nglintelframes for doors and windows / door jamb / header floor tiles管线预埋管子wire duct / conduit排水系统drain age system检修孑L inspection hole = man-hole集水坑collection hole / pit / sinkhole水管工程plumbing work供水water supply排水drainage / sewerage污水管sewer化粪池septic tank过滤池filtering tank / filtration tank 蓄水池reservoir 排水孔drain hole / sewer outfall / sinkhole混凝丄砌块concrete block砂浆mortar ( cement mortar)水泥砂浆抹灰cement mortar plastering现浇梁/板堤污泥淤泥，腐土疏通河道填塞，捣实cast-in-site beam/slab (= cast-irrsitu) / cast slab, cast beam,cast column dikesludgemuck soildredgetarn ping / stuff10. 机电系统mechanical & electrical systems设备安装供电系统变压器变电站配电房高压电柜低压电柜电缆电线电缆桥架母线槽配电板/箱信号线equipment installationpower supply and distribution system transformer power sub-station power transformer room hi-voltage switchgear low-voltage switchgear cable (power cable)粗wire 细cable tray bus bar / bus rail distribution panels / box cable / signal cable (IT/电话/投影仪)网络/通讯系统IT/telecom systems] 网络中的结点n ode服务器程控交换机中转板serverprogrammed exchanger harbor空调系统冷冻机中央空调温度控制湿度控制局布采暧局布通风air conditioning system / AHU (air handling unit) chillercentralized AC system temperature control humidity control local heating local ventilation区域吸顶空调VRV ceiling mount AC units独立式空调挂壁式空调控制板遥控器风管冷媒管冷凝水管冷凝器落水管风冷冷凝器空调出风口回风口回风管道散流器新风空气压缩机压缩空气罩子free-stand unit wall mount unit control pad / thermostat remote control duct / pipe coolant pipe / cooling media condensation pipe condenser rain leaderair cooled condenserair outletair inletair return ductdiffuser make-up air air compressor compressed air hood电梯elevator / lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator快速滑升门fast-speed overhead door红外线感应infra-red sensor防撞杆bollard / bump post移门sliding door阀门valve球阀ball valve止回阀backwater valve / non-n valve 减压阀reducing valve溢流阀relief valve调节阀regulating valve加气诠air-e ntrained con Crete通风ven tilatio n排废气exhaustion支架bracket牛腿corbel支撑bracing （泛指）支撑柱bracing column撑杆brace （柱条、撑条）吊杆suspe nder / han ger支杆strut / tie壳case泵壳pump case架板，脚手架gang board大小头变径管「educe「/ reducing镀锌铁管galvanized iron pipe光钢筋plain bar铜管copper tube盘管coil保护套管protective sailing轴承beari ng扬程lift of pump弹性缝resilient joint支承块rest pad花纹钢板raffled plate垫板padding plate油毡roof felt管长pipe clip基座pedestal刚度rigidity柏油毡pitched felt白铁皮galvanized iron sheet阳极电镀ano dized镀烙（克罗米）chrome plated 法兰flange环箍hoop / hoping / insulation block垫圈弹簧垫圈washer / spring washer管套collar / sleeve90 度接头elbow connector / bend 三通Tee joint / connector闷头en d-cover压力调右器pressure regulator预应力妊priestesses concrete滑轮pulley减谡木垫wooden cushion block柴油dieseli何滑》山lubrication oil汽油gasoline / gas齿轮gear内套筒inner sleeve绝缘子insulator11. 消防系统fi re-fig hti ng systein总管main pipeline支管branch pipeline消防水管fire water pipes消防水泵房pump room 消防栓fire hydrant消火栓箱hose cabinet软管hose喷嘴n ozzle灭火器fire extinguisher喷淋头sprinkler head喷淋灭火系统sprinkling system烟感smoke detector压力表pressure meter备用发电机back-up generator 紧急照明灯emergency light 疏散指示灯evacuation light 消防水池fire water tank消防验收fire marshal inspection防火卷帘门fire roller door 防火门fire door旋转门revolving door防眾门blast-resistant door隔音门sound-proof door弹簧门swing door12. 废水处理waste water treatment废水处理站waste water treatment station排水沟/管drainage ditch/pipe排水井drainage well明沟Open drain地漏drainer / drain hole沉淀池sedimentation tank管道沟pipe ditch沉积物sedime nt13. 室内装修interior decoration / fit-out朝向orientation空房vacant room概念设计schematic design 放样by out / set out平而布置floor layout风水geoma ncy空间利用率space efficiency / floor efficiency门厅foyer门廊（室外）porch走廊过道passage / walkway背景墙logo wall接待大厅lobby接待台reception desk办公区office = open office坐位间过道aisle / walkway 走廊h allway / corridor小办公室private office / manager's office会议室meeting room / conference room 公共洗手间common washing room 茶水间pantry / tea room / coffee room 办公隔断单元cubical / work stationworkstation cubical partitionpartiti onpartition wall / dry wall / gypsum board / frames / ribs light gaugesteel joist load bearing wall glass partition wall panel lattice window file cabinet printing and faxing room food preparation room washing room locker room wardrobe / built-in wardrobe shelves rail hanger closetcanteen / kitchencounter / island countercupboard / wall-hung cupboard / wall-mounted cupboard show case display shelves furniture armchair sofa / couch davenport / divan bed lounge chair fireplace bale ony terrace janitor , s room recreation facility gym / fitness center floor tile PVC floor tile vitrified floor tile ceramic tile anti-slip tile anti-slip anti-abrasion / anti-friction wall tile ceramic tile porous bricks 办公桌隔断 隔墙/隔断 轻刚龙计 承重墙 玻璃隔断 护墙板墙裙 花窗 文件柜 文印间 食物准备间 淸洗间 更衣间 挂衣柜搁板 挂衣杆衣架 壁橱食堂厨房 茶水柜 吊柜展示柜 展示架 家具单人沙发 长沙发 沙发床休闲椅 壁炉阳台 露天大平台 淸洁工人房 娱乐设施 健身房地砖PVC 地砖玻化地砖瓷砖 防滑地砖 防滑防磨损 墙砖 瓷砖多孔砖防静电架空地板anti-static raised floor地毯地毯底衬门口踏毯挂毯承重墙非承重墙空心墙螺纹接连六角螺栓反拱拉毛悬挂脚手架carpet / carpet tile (块毯)/ wall-to-wall (全铺) under-layer / lining door matrugbearing walls / partitionsnon-bearing wallhollow core wallnipple jointhexagonal head boltinverted archhacki nghanging scaffold硬木板条地板hardwood strip floor楼板楼层楼梯单距双距旋转楼梯圆弧楼梯楼梯间楼梯井电梯井垃圾滑道井扶手拉手踏步侧踏步休息平台入口岀口slab floor staircase single flight double flight spiral stair winding stair staircase stair well elevator shaft refuse chute railing / rail / handrail / grab rail Pull / pull bar tread riser landing entranee / exit吊顶(600x600) suspension ceiling / suspended ceiling吊顶龙骨石胃板石膏板吊顶造型吊顶装饰板装饰柱镶边挑檐打眼吊杆吊筋ceiling joist / sub joint / suspender / double-nead / T-joint T 形龙件gypsum boardgypsum board suspension ceilingfeatured suspension ceilingomamental boardomamental columnmarginoverhanging eavesholingsuspender / hanger (斜inclined 硬stiff 软flexible)照明灯具lighting fixture吸顶式工矿灯日光灯泛光灯卤素灯白炙灯低压卤鸽灯竟虹灯乳白灯泡ceiling mount / ceiling-hung / ceiling hanging workshop light fluorescent lampflood light （外墙、广告牌）halogen lightincandescent lightlow-voltage tungsten halogen lamp neon tube opal lamp天花嵌入式射灯recessed spot light in ceiling髙压汞灯射灯简灯high pressure mercury lamp spot light down light可调节方向射灯directional spotlight灯带隐形灯槽吊灯水晶吊灯挂壁灯照度开关声控开关双向开关插座接线板light troughconcealed light troughpendent lamp / lightcrystal pen dent lighttorchluminance （流明）LUXswitchsound control switch / acoustic control switch 2 way switch socket / outletPatch panel可凋节亮度开关dimmer / dimmer switch电插座网络插座线槽/管地插座power socket / power outlet IT/telephone socket duct / conduitfloor embedded socket防触电式电源插座ground fault interrupt outlet双电源插座复式插座转换插头暗线电视插座保险丝箱电闸dual voltage outletduplex outlet （2 pin / 3 pin combination）adaptorconcealed wiringTV antenna outlet / cable TV outlet fuse box power brake窗帘盒窗帘杆窗台百页窗窗扉平开窗pelmetcurtain railwindow sill / elbow board roller shutter window caserne nt / sash side-hung window / door窗调窗套window opening / window casing单窗single sashed window / caserne nt双窗double sashed window / caserne nt防门窗weather tight window防眩眩玻璃glare control glass防:朝水泥垫层moisture-proof / damp-proof cement bedding 猫眼peep hole移门sliding door / panel旋转门revolving door隔音门sound-proof door防暴门blast-resistant door防风窗weather tight window天窗skylight /skylight belt老虎窗dormer window滑轨（上）slide rail滑轨（下）slide track滑轨条guide bead支架support han ger平头flush butt screw平头钉flat head nail / screw平面框架plane frame木门timber door / wooden door木贴面门timber veneer隔汽层vapor barrier五金hardware / ironmongery配件accessories闭门器door closer门吸door stop钱链、合页hinge把手/锁handle / bar / lock樺头rabbet樺头/樺眼plug tenon (tail) / eye (socket)燕尾樺dovetail人字樺herring bond joint内嵌式recessed / flush mount外紧固式surface mount插销latch助推助拉钱链inject / eject hinge移门sliding door移门轨道(上，下)rail, track窗户滑轨guide bead地弹簧floor spring窗钩window catch暗锁mortise lock / bolt插槽slot踢脚线skirting / skirt凹阳台 recessed balcony 凸阳台 cantilever baleony厕所 toilet马桶隔间 booth卫生洁具 sanitary ware手纸器「oil-tissue dispenser 擦手纸盒paper towel dispenser 洗手盆及龙头 washing basin and faucet / washing bow 拖把洗槽mop washing sink 冲淋房shower room 马桶toilet 、water closet (WC) 小便斗urinal squat unit manualsensor controlled / automatic bath tub grab barsoap dishliquid soap dispensertowel rack毛巾杆 towel rail系杆tie bar 钢性吊杆rigid hanger / stiff hanger 可伸缩凉衣绳retractable washing line 浴缸龙头 mixer 冲淋房 shower chamber冲淋头 shower head 冲淋器 洗手盆 水垢垃圾桶 镜子shower tower washing basin deposit of scale / scale (硬皮的)/ gunk(粘软的) waste bin mirror存水 trap壁挂历式取暧器 wall radiatortimber wood veneer grain knot 三聚氤胺贴而刨花板MFC (melamine faced chipboard) 不锈钢 stainless steel (sss) 纤维板particle board 钢化玻璃 tempered glass / armealed glass蹲便器手动 自动 浴缸 拉手杠 肥皂盒 液体肥皂器 毛巾架 木材 木饰面板木纹理木节喷砂玻璃透明玻璃有色玻璃有机玻璃水磨石大理石人造大理石花岗岩表面纹理粗面砖大石砾大石块光泽水磨石框饰复合板安全玻璃丙烯酸底涂喷漆乳胶涂料滚涂刷环氧涂料自流坪底漆瓷釉漆丙烯涂料frosted glass / sand blasted glass clear glass tin ted glass plexiglass terrazzo marbleimitation marblegranite texture texture tile / rough surface gravel bouldergloss / glossinessterrazzofinish casinglaminated wood board laminated glass acrylic primer spray pain ting latex paint / emulsion paint（室外墙而厚）roller brush epoxy coati ng （地而）self-leveli ng epoxy coati ng primer / undercoati ng enamel paint acrylic paint樺头沟缝腻子勾缝勾缝料勾缝刀油灰缝浇筑缝抹灰抹灰面复合地板rabbetcaulki ng puttyPointing / pointing jointPointing stuffPointing trowelPutting jointJoint between cast poring plastering （墙而砂浆抹灰）plaster finishing laminated timber floor搁栅（龙ff） joist夹板消音板凸窗窗台板窗帘电动窗帘plywoodacoustic panelsbay windowelbow board of window / window sill blinds / curtain / drapery / shade motorized drapery空心抹灰hollow plastering （不好）刮平抹平striking填缝seal crakes / joints大理石贴而marble facing灰饼lime mark企口拼接match joint企口地板matched floor盆景miniature garden微裂缝micro-fissuri ng假窗mock window护角条comer bead开槽砖notched tile悬挑板overhanging slab架空线overhead line pipe凹缝recessed joint切口，凹口notch层理lami nation装玻璃工作glazi ng花边lace work踢脚板kick panel / kicking panel / skirting螺旋弹簧helical spring拼花地板overlay flooring / matched floor铺设管道laying pipes找平/刮平leveli ng找平层leveling course原型prototype锁紧力，咬合力locking force修边nip / nipping阴文incised engraving焊脚leg of weld照明带light band / trough薄板light gauge sheet石灰浆lime paste / slurry灰上垫层lime-soil cushion里衬liner外墙而facade玻璃幕墙curtain wall铝型材aluminum extrusion氟碳烤柴fluorine carbon paint （FCP）硅胶silicon glue / silica橡皮垫圈、压条rubber gasket上下推开关窗sash window中空玻璃double-glazing 安全玻璃（夹胶玻璃）laminated glass纱窗外挂包裹干挂湿挂龙骨架定位卡mosquito screen claddry fixing wet fixing joist frame positioning pin分割线/分隔沟division joint重叠overlap墙而抹灰压角条plaster stop拼缝条错位拼接splicing plate staggered joint / alternate joint 嵌入(固定)built-in埋入的(小件)embedded (socket box) ( anchor holts)内凹浅槽切口槽边缘切口突缘槽条木线条recessed (light)groovenotch (v 形)reveal (along edge)企口flange / raised edge cha nnel molded strip —般的/ architrave 带造型嵌缝的小条子calking strip耐磨涂料防霉涂料防潮涂料防腐涂料防水涂层节能材料防腐材料环保材料拉毛抹灰油毡high resista nee paint mildew resistant paint damp-proof coating corrosi on-proof coati ng waterproof coating energy-saving products / materials preserving material environment friendly products (green products) stucco malthoid混水汕漆淸漆防潮漆防锈漆opaque timber finish (painting) varnish / lacquer paint damp-proof paint anti-rust paint瓦棱板(波浪板)corrugated glass / panel半亚光涂料亚光喷砂玻璃砂纸金属板吊顶合金semi-gloss latex paintlow glossopaque / sand-blasted / frozen glass sand-paper metal panel ceilingalloy铝合金aluminum alloy刨花板chip board / particle board刨花shavi ngs夹板plywood / plywood panel铝塑板Alucbond (alum and plastic laminated board) 人造大理石artificial marble木贴面夹板plywood with wood veneer木材纹理grain櫻桃木cherry wood橡木oak wood松木pine wood樺木beech wood黑胡桃木dark wood树脂©in聚胺脂polyurethane (PU)表而质感surface texture耐用性durability门禁系统door access control system刷卡器sensor pad卡card key密码combi nation红外线感应探头inf「a-「ed motion sensor / detector 监视系统surveillance system风格style仿古pseudo-classic现代modern / contemporary后现代post-moder n仿旧reconstruction保守con servative传统traditional经典classical新潮fashion able / tre ndy流行popular前卫cutti ng・edge落后潮流out-of-fashi oned中国元素China elements / flavors浮雕relief sculpture新古典主义n eo-classical豪华luxury简洁simple and elegant粗坑rustic步行街pedestrian mall装饰品orname nt14. 施工工具tools / 施工设备construction machinery打桩机打夯机挖上机推土机压路机钻孔机妊搅拌车铲车翻斗卡车小翻斗车斗料斗漏斗装料斗塔吊pile driver rammer excavator bulldozer （履带式crawler） rollerboring machines concrete agitating truck dumper dumper track skip car bucket / hoe bucket funnel / silo hopper crane履带式起重机caterpillar crane 起重半径crane radius吊车/起重机hoisting machine重型锤夯起重设备起重葫芦手拉葫芦卷扬机龙门吊龙门架行车脚手架heavy dutyhammer tampinghoisting equipment hoisterchain blockcable hoist / cable crane / winching hoist / winch gantry c「ane portal frameoverhead traveling c「ane scaffolding / scaffold混凝丄搅拌车/机concrete mixer / concrete truck 卡车小卡车truckpick-up / lorry混凝上振捣机concrete vibrator压缩空气机氧气瓶电焊机亚弧焊机火焰切割千斤顶电焊条鸭丝条超载筛子air compressor oxygen cylinder welding machine arc welding machine flame cutting jack welding rod tun gste n overload sieve15. 室外工程 yard work / external work 道路road 伸缩缝expansion joint 围墙 fence / boundary fence临时板围墙 hoarding （施工用）格栅用墙 grill fence树篱笆hedge 一砖墙one brick wall 亭子pavilion 小溪creek / brook 池塘 pound门卫 guardhouse红外线探头 in fra-red motion sensor锤子hammer 钻枪.冲击钻/电钻 impact drill / powe 刨子planer 板手wrench 锯子saw 电锯power saw 凿子chisel 锂子file 风钻pneumatic drill 镐pick 螺栓、螺帽 bolts and nuts螺丝 screw 自攻螺幺幺 self-tapping screw螺丝刀 screw driver钉子nail 钏钉rivet 平头挪钉 flush head rivet钏钉枪 rivet pistol钢筋弯折机 angle-bender / bar bender 老虎钳pincer / clamp 刷子brush 夹子clamp 烙焊lap welding 樺接mortise joint 木工carpenter 电焊工welder 电工 electricia n刮刀 chaser超声波探伤 ultrasonic detectiondrill避雷针道路照明灯灯杆停车场停车位lightning rodroad lightlight poleparking / parking lot berth临时警戒用栏hurdle架空管道螺旋线防滑条踏步前缘凸缘条hanged pipehelical linenon-slip strip 人/ non skid strips 车nosingnosing strip卸货平台升降机坡道滑升门转弯半径大斗减小弯度柏油碎石路柏油路loading/unloading dock dock leveler ramp overhead door turning radius sharp reduce sharpness tarmac road tar road碎右•拼的路面crazy paving毛石墙毛石护坡rubble wall rubble mound 化学品仓库髙压电房烟囱自动移门手动移门伸缩门自动起落杆带遥控chemical storagepower station / sformer room stake / chimneyautomatic sliding door manual sliding door articulated sliding door automatic lift bar with remote control雨水管、落管downspout / down pipe旗杆侧石人行道溢水沟路边窖井阴沟阴沟洞flag polekerb / kerb stonesidewalk spillway kerb inlet under d 「ain / under ground sewer sin khole混凝土路而路而标志concrete pavementtraffic control lines / marks道路分隔线斑马线检修孔lane division lines zebra crossing man-hole绿化Ian dscapi ng草地grass lawn草皮turf种花种草planting种植土topsoil施肥fertilizing跟土sowi ng除杂草weedi ng播种seeding发芽germi natio n护根mulch护树杆stake and tie修剪trim常青树evergreen shrubs trees 灌木shrubs灌木丛shrubbery香樟树camphor tree梧桐树phoenix tree枫树maple tree松树pine tree柳树willow杨树poplar tree棕吕Palm tree柏树cypress白杨树white poplar tree黄杨树box tree银杏树gingko tree冷杉fir竹子bamboo喷泉water fountain绿化带green belt花坛border树篱笆hedge小路path灌溉系统irrigation system草地灯lawn lamp年轮annual rings16. 生产工艺设备production equipment定型机0型染色机J型染色机汽蒸机印花水洗机蒸化宦型机平网印花机圆网印花机逆流漂洗机烘干机打卷机装配拆开设备调试试运行行车振动隔振stenter beam jet steamer washing machine fixing machine flat bed printing machine rotary machine rope washing machine dryer rolling machine assemble disassemble testing and commissioning trial run traveling crane vibration / shaking vibration absorber / vibration isolator颗粒粉末碎片块退浆碱减量碱性的配色间particlepowderchipchunkscoari ng weight reduction alkali ne color kitchen后整理（开幅立型）finishing定型收缩fixing shri nkage色度耐酸耐热耐磨损耐火耐碱易燃易爆密封chrome acid-resistance / acid-resisting heat-resistingabrasion resistingfire resisting alkali resisting inflammable combustible air-tight / weather tight染料dye stuff。

10、WELD NECK FLANGF :带颈对焊法兰11、GASKET:密封垫片Flexseal：金属缠绕Garlock：密封技术14、PLUG VALVE 是指旋塞阀15、NEEDLE VALVE ，是指针形阀16、FNPT是外螺纹的意思17、SPECTACLE BLIND :八字盲板19、Flange (FLG）法兰20、Lap joint flange:活套法兰21、STUDS 螺栓(studs)22、STD:标准厚度STD是标准壁厚STANDARD23、BORE:口径24、WELD:焊接25、THERMOWELL:温度计套管26、SOCKETWELD THERMOWELL：热电偶套管27、PRESSURE INDICATING TRANSMITTER：压力指示变送器pressure indicating transmitter28、GATE VALVE 是闸阀的意思29、Galvanized :镀锌的30、RELIEF VALVE;安全阀31、FLPWSWITCH：流量开关32.、Butterf valve：蝶阀33、Bushing：套管34、CAP：管帽35、STUB END ：电极头36、STRAINER:过滤器37、FULL COUPLING：管接头38、ORIFICE FLANGE：孔板法兰39、PRESSURE INDICATOR :压力指示器40、Pressure switch ：压力开关法兰及密封面对照表整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO) slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF) 对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF) 法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange 盘座式法兰 pad type flange 松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环 welding-on collar 突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end 松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing 突面 raised face (RF) 凸面 male face (MF) 凹面 female face (FMF) 榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face 环连接面 ring joint face工作温度 operating temperature工作压差 operating differential pressure 工作背压 operating back pressure 工作压力 operating pressure。

建筑工程常用英语词汇在当今全球化的时代，建筑工程领域的交流与合作日益频繁。

无论是参与国际工程项目，还是阅读相关的专业文献和资料，掌握建筑工程常用的英语词汇都显得至关重要。

下面就为大家介绍一些在建筑工程中经常会用到的英语词汇。

首先是建筑材料方面的词汇。

“concrete”（混凝土）、“steel”（钢材）、“brick”（砖）、“wood”（木材）、“glass”（玻璃）、“cement”（水泥）、“sand”（沙子）、“gravel”（砾石）、“asphalt”（沥青）等都是常见的材料名称。

在建筑结构方面，“foundation”（基础）、“column”（柱子）、“beam”（梁）、“slab”（板）、“wall”（墙）、“roof”（屋顶）、“staircase”（楼梯）等词汇经常出现。

施工过程中的词汇也必不可少。

“construction”（施工）、“excavation”（挖掘）、“pouring”（浇筑）、“welding”（焊接）、“nailing”（钉钉子）、“sanding”（打磨）、“painting”（涂漆）等描述了具体的施工动作。

建筑设备方面，“crane”（起重机）、“excavator”（挖掘机）、“bulldozer”（推土机）、“cement mixer”（水泥搅拌机）、“drill”（钻孔机）等是常见的机械名称。

谈到建筑类型，“residential building”（住宅建筑）、“commercial building”（商业建筑）、“industrial building”（工业建筑）、“hospital”（医院）、“school”（学校）、“office building”（办公楼）等词汇能够准确地表达不同的用途和功能。

在建筑设计方面，“architectural design”（建筑设计）、“blueprint”（蓝图）、“layout”（布局）、“elevation”（立面）、“section”（剖面）等词汇经常被使用。

土木工程专业常用英语词汇第一节普通术语3. 房屋建造工程building engineering4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建造外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建造物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所举行的勘察、计划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。

5. 马路工程highway engineering10. 建造物（构筑物）construction works房屋建造或土木工程中的单项工程实体。

11. 结构structure12. 基础foundation13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground14. 木结构timber structure16. 钢结构steel structure17. 混凝土（砼）结构concrete structure18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure22. 马路highway24. 高速马路freeway27. 铁路（铁道）railway; railroad28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1. 桥bridge2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge3. 延续梁桥continuous girder bridge5. 斜拉（斜张）桥cable stayed bridge6. 悬索（吊）桥suspension bridge7. 桁架桥trussed bridge9．刚构（刚架）桥rigid frame bridge10．拱桥arch bridge13．正交桥right bridge14．斜交桥skew bridge16．高架桥viaduct17．正（主）桥main span18．引桥approach span19．弯桥curved bridge21．马路铁路两用桥combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge 25．桥跨结构（上部结构）bridge superstructure26．桥面系bridge floor system27．桥支座bridge bearing; bridge support28．桥下部结构bridge substructure29．索塔（桥塔）bridge tower30．桥台abutment31．桥墩pier32．涵洞culvert第六节结构构件和部件术语1．构件member2．部件component; assembly parts3．截面section4．梁beam; girder5．拱arch6．板slab; plate8．柱column10．桁架truss11．框架frame12．排架bent frame13．刚架（刚构）rigid frame14．简支梁simply supported beam15．悬臂梁cantilever beam16．两端固定梁beam fixed at both ends17．延续梁continuous beam19．桩pile20．板桩sheet pile34. 钢轨rail第七节地基和基础术语1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation2. 刚性基础rigid foundation3. 自立基础single footing4. 联合基础combined footing5. 条形基础strip foundation6. 壳体基础shell foundation7. 箱形基础box foundation8. 筏形基础raft foundation9. 桩基础pile foundation10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation1. 可靠性reliability2. 安全性safety3. 适用性serviceability4. 耐久性durability5. 基本变量basic variable6. 设计基准期design reference period7. 可靠概率probability of survival8. 失效概率probability of failure9. 可靠指标reliability index12. 概率设计法probabilistic method13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method15. 极限状态设计法limit states method16. 极限状态limit states17. 极限状态方程limit state equation18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states20. 分项系数partial safety factor21. 设计情况design situation22. 持久情况persistent situation23. 短暂情况transient situation24. 偶尔情况accidental situation1. 作用action2. 荷载load3. 线分布力force per unit length4. 面分布力force per unit area5. 体分布力force per unit volume6. 力矩moment of force7. 永远作用permanent action8. 可变作用variable action9. 偶尔作用accidental action10．固定作用fixed adtion11．自由(可动)作用. Free action12. 静态作用static action13. 动态作用dynamic action14. 多次重复作用repeated action; cyclic action16. 自重self weight17. 施工荷载site load18. 土压力earth pressure19. 温度作用temperature action20. 地震作用earthquake action22．风荷载wind load23．风振wind vibration24. 雪荷载snow load27．桥（桥梁）荷载load on bridge28．桥（桥梁）恒荷载dead load on bridge29．桥（桥梁）活荷载live load on bridge30．马路车辆荷载标准Standard highway vehicle load31．中国铁路标准活载Standard Railway Live Load Specified by the People’sRepublic of China44．作用代表值representative value of an action45．作用标准值characteristic value of an action46．作用准永远值quasi-permanent value of an action47．作用组合值combination value of actions48．作用分项系数partial safety factor for action49．作用设计值design value of an action50．作用组合值系数coeffcient for combination value of actions 51．作用效应effects of actions52．作用效应系数coefficient of effects of actions53．轴向力normal force\axial force54．剪力shear force55．弯矩bending moment57．扭矩torque58．应力stress59．正应力normal stress60．剪应力shear stress; tangential stress61．主应力principal stress62．预应力prestress63．位移displacement64．挠度deflection65．变形deformation66．弹性变形elastic deformation67．塑性变形plastic deformation70．应变strain71．线应变linear strain72．剪应变shear strain; tangential strain73．主应变principal strain74．作用效应组合combination for action effects75．作用效应基本组合fundamental combination for action effects 77．短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects 78．持久效应组合combination for long-term action effects 79．设计限值limiting design value1．抗力resistance2．强度strength3．抗压强度compressive strength4．抗拉强度tensile strength5．抗剪强度shear strength6．抗弯强度flexural strength7．屈服强度yield strength8．疲劳强度fatigue strength9．极限应变ultimate strain10．弹性模量modulus of elasticity11.剪变模量shear modulus12．变形模量modulus of deformation13．泊松比Poisson ratio14．承载能力bearing capacity15．受压承载能力compressive capacity16．受拉承载能力tensile capacity17．受剪承载能力shear capacity18．受弯承载能力flexural capacity19．受扭承载能力torsional capacity20．疲劳承载能力fatigue capacity21．刚度stiffness; rigidity22．抗裂度crack resistance23．极限变形ultimate deformation24．稳定性stability26．脆性破坏brittle failure27．延性破坏ductile failure30．材料性能分项系数partial safety factor for property of material。

建筑工程专业词汇1. 建筑结构（Building structure）- 指建筑物的骨架，包括墙体、屋顶、楼板等构件。

2. 地基基础（Foundation）- 建筑物的支撑系统，将荷载传递到地面，以保证建筑物的稳定。

3. 梁（Beam）- 承载水平荷载并将其传递到支撑点的结构元件。

4. 柱（Column）- 承载垂直荷载并将其传递到地基基础的垂直支撑元件。

5. 土壤力学（Soil mechanics）- 研究土壤的力学性质，以确定建筑物对土壤的作用。

6. 预应力混凝土（Pre-stressed concrete）- 利用预先施加的拉力来增强混凝土的承载能力和耐久性。

7. 结构抗震性能（Seismic performance）- 指建筑物在地震中抵抗倒塌的能力。

8. 混凝土梁（Concrete beam）- 由混凝土制成的横截面通常为矩形的承重构件。

9. 钢筋混凝土柱（Reinforced concrete column）- 由钢筋和混凝土组成，用于承受垂直荷载和抗侧向力。

10. 结构设计（Structural design）- 基于荷载和材料特性，确定建筑物的结构形式和尺寸。

11. 砖砌结构（Brick masonry）- 使用砖块按砌缝方式建造的结构系统。

12. 高层建筑（High-rise building）- 具有较大高度的建筑物，通常需要更严格的结构设计和抗震性能。

13. 混凝土楼板（Concrete floor slab）- 由混凝土制成的建筑物地板。

14. 钢结构（Steel structure）- 使用钢材制造的建筑结构，具有较高的强度和刚度。

15. 标高（Elevation）- 地面或建筑物上某一点的垂直高度。

16. 地震工程（Seismic engineering）- 研究地震对建筑物的影响，以设计和改进地震安全的建筑结构。

17. 地理勘测（Geographic surveying）- 通过测量和分析地表和地下特征，为建筑工程提供地理数据。

工业工程专业英语词汇industrial engineering:工业工程accredited:认可的、授权的accrue：增值acoustics：声学acquisition：并购address:处理、针对、重点提出affiliate：隶属于aggregation:总体、集合体Agile Manufacturing (AM)：敏捷制造aircraft:飞机,航空器align：适应alliance：联盟ample：足够的、充裕的anatomical：解剖的ancillary：辅助的、附属的anthropometry：人体测量学appropriation: 占用artificial material：人工材料ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers：美国机械工程师协会assembly line：装配线assess:评估assiduity：勤奋、刻苦audit：审计automatic pallet changer：自动托盘转换装置automation:自动化ballistic：自然带弧形的bar code：条形码b atch p ro d uctio n：批量生产bench：工作台bill:清单bin:箱子biomechanical：生物力学的blade:刀片、叶片brand new:全新的b ud g e t-o rie nte d:面向预算的capacity:生产能力capital turnover:资金周转capital：资金carbon-filament:钨丝causal method:因果法cause and effect diagram：因果图cellular layout：单元式布局certification：认证change over :换模checksheet：检查表chronological:严密逻辑的chuck：卡盘circulate：循环、流通civil engineering：土木工程clamp:夹住closed loop:闭环CNC machine tools：计算机数控机床cockpit：飞机座舱、驾驶员座舱cognitive：认知的coil feeder：卷料进料器Co m m unicatio n Te chniq ue s in Lo g isticscompetitiveness：竞争力component:零件、组件、部件comprehensive interest:综合利益Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS):计算机集成制造系统computerized numerical controlconsecutive: 连续的continous improvement:持续改进continuous improvement：持续改进conveyor：输送机convoluted：复杂的、回旋的、弯曲的coordination：协调corkscrew: 螺丝刀co st-e ffe ctive：有成本效益的、划算的crank：曲柄critical examination technique:关键检测技术crossbar:十字杠culminate:达到顶点curricula: 课程(or curriculum)customer satisfaction：顾客满意cutback：缩减cylindrical:圆柱的prismatic：棱柱的dam：水坝decision-making:决策defective:有瑕疵的,有缺陷的definable:可定义的demonstrate：示范、说明dependent demand: 相关需求discipline:学科discrete：离散的dispersion：分散性distribution：配送、分销division：部门、分配、分开drill press：钻床drop delivery:堕送装置due date：交货期d ye：染料earning:收益、利润E-business：电子商务economic and knowledge-based era:知识经济时代economic batch quantity:经济批量economic globalization：经济全球化ECRS(eliminate combine rearrange simplify):取消、合并、重排、简化EDM: electron discharge machining：放电加工effectiveness:效果efficiency:效率ejector:斜槽、导轨electrical engineering：电气工程electricity: 电、电学、电流、电气electronic data interchange：电子数据交换E-Manufacturing：网络化制造engulf：吞没EOS:电子订货系统electronic ordering system ergonomically：工效学地ergonomics:工效学exaggerated:过大的、许多的explosion:爆炸法eyestrain:视觉疲劳,眼睛疲劳fabrication：制造facility:设备、设施factory layout：工厂布局family：簇fatigue：疲劳fatigue：疲劳feat：合适的feed grinding machine: 进给式磨床feedback：反馈feedback:反馈file：锉刀final product:最终产品fish bone diagram：鱼骨图fitness for use：适用性fixed position layout:定位布局fixture：固定设备、夹具flapped operation：节拍式加工flexible manufacturing system：柔性制造系统flow diagram：线路图flow process chart：流程程序图fluctuate: 波动forcible：强制的、有说服力的trunk：躯干torso forearm:前臂upper arm:大臂forecast:预测forge:锻造fo rg e：锻造formulate：阐述、制定fortification：防御工事forward-looking:有远见的fo und ry：铸造friction: 摩擦frustration：挫折fuel：燃料fully automated：全自动化gang process chart：联合程序图garment industry:制衣业gauge：计量器general packet radio service geographic information systems geometry：几何形状GIS:地理信息系统GPRS:通用分组无线业务GPS:全球定位系统global positioning system gravity feed：重力自流进料group technology：成组技术hand in hand :合作hard ware：硬件harmonious society:和谐社会haul: 拖、拉health-care delivery: 卫生保健服务high-tech：高科技hindrance：妨碍histogram：直方图hoist：起重机human factor：人因human-centered design：以人为中心设计hybrid layout：混合式布局hypotenuse:斜边（hypothesis:假设）identical:相同的idleness:空闲IE engineers:工业工程师（IEs）IE graduates:工业工程毕业生（IEs）impede：妨碍，阻止implicitly:隐含地incentive：鼓励inclined plane:斜面inclusive design：全方位设计inconsistency:不一致independent demand: 独立需求independent variable:自变量inevitable：不可避免的inspection：检测Institute of Industrial Engineers：工业工程师学会(IIE) instructor：讲师、教练instrument：仪器、器械intangible:无形的integrated equipment：集成设备interchangeability:互换性interface：界面、接口intermediary:中间人intermittent：间歇的internal combustion engine：内燃机International Accreditation Forum：国际认证论坛International Organization for Standardization:国际标准化组织（ISO）inventory control：库存控制Inventory：库存inventory:清单、库存invoicing:开发票item:物料项目jig：夹具job shop production：车间任务型生产judgment method:判断方法jumbled：混合的、混乱的knuckle：指关节wrist：腕关节elbow：肘关节lag:落后，延迟lathe：车床layout：布局lead time：提前期Lean Production (LP)：精益生产literature:文献loading:装载locomotive：火车头logistics:物流long and short-term memory：长短时记忆lot for lot:批对批lot size:批量low-volume, high-variety production:多品种、小批量生产lubricant：润滑剂luggage：行李machine cell：机器单元machine tool：机床magnetism：磁学maintainability：可维护性maintaining:维护malfunction：故障manipulate:处理，使用，操纵man-machine process chart：人机程序图manufacturing industry:制造业manufacturing resources planning:制造资源计划market share:市场占有率master production scheduling:主生产计划material handling ：物料搬运material requirements planning:物料需求计划mechanical engineering：机械工程mechanized：机械化的mental demand:脑力需求metal-working job shop :金工车间method study:方法研究methodology:方法metrics：度量m ilitary：军事的milling machine：铣床mission:使命、任务、目标MIT: 麻省理工学院Massachuse tts Institute o f Te chno lo g y molecular:分子的momentum：动量monetary：货币的、金融的morale：士气、纪律motion analysis：动作分析motion economy principles：动作经济原则motivation:激励multi-disciplinary：多学科性质的muscle：肌肉muscle：肌肉musculoskeletal disorder：肌骨失调navigation：导航netting:净需求计算normative：标准的notch: V型凹槽、切口nutrition：营养observe value：观察值offset:偏置法operation analysis：作业分析operation management:运作管理operation process chart: 工艺程序图opportunity：缺陷机会order fulfillment: 订单执行order lots：订单批量、订货量orient：定向otiose：无效的、多余的outlets:品牌直销购物中心overengineer：高于工程要求的package：包装pallet：托盘parameter:参数pareto chart：排列图part period cover:零件周期批量participation:参与partition：分割parts feeder：送料器physical science ：自然科学（natural science）physiology：生理学pivot：轴、支点、中心点plot:以图的形式表示Pmts: predetermined motion time system：预定动作时间系统portable powered tool：便携式电动工具portray：描绘POS:销售时点系统point of sale systempositioning device：定位装置positioning：定位potentiality:潜能practitioner：开业者pre-assessment:预评估precondition :前提prediction:预言preliminary：预备的、初级的pre-positioned：预放在工作位置上proceed:行进、继续进行process analysis：程序分析process layout：工艺布局procurement：采购product layout：产品布局product life cycle: 产品生命周期production line:生产线production planning:生产计划production process：生产过程production scheduling：生产调度production system：生产系统productive：有生产价值的、多产的productivity :生产率profitability:收益率psychology：心理学pull production:拉动式生产Pythagorean theorem:勾股定理qualitative method:定性方法quality of conformance：符合性质量quality of design：设计质量quantitative method:定量方法rapid changeover:快速换模raw material：原材料rectangular：矩形的cube：立方体registrar:注册人员reliability:可靠性repetition:重复、复制品repetitive strain injury：重复性劳损replenishment:补充、补给re p ro ach：责备、谴责reputation:声誉requirement:需求reservation：预定resharpen：重磨retailer:零售商revenue：收入、税收RFID:无线射频技术radio frequency identificationrough cut capacity:粗能力计划saturation：饱和scatter diagram：散布图scheduling:调度、排程scheme：计划、设计screwdriver：螺丝刀seasonal patterns:季节模式semi-automatic(automated)：半自动化sem inar:研讨班senso ry：感觉的service system:服务系统setup time：生产准备时间Shakespeare industry :莎士比亚产业sheet:薄板状的shroud：罩、遮蔽物simple lever:单杠杆simultaneously:同时地six sigma methodology: 六西格玛法socialize joint distribution:社会化共同配送specialization: 专业化specialty:专业specification：规范specs：规范、规格stamp：冲压standard data：标准资料standard deviation：标准偏差standardization: 标准化static electricity:静电学statistic：统计的statistical:统计学的steam engine:蒸汽机stock：库存sto re :仓库strategic planning:战略规划Stratfo rd-o n-Avo n, as we all kn o w, has only one Shake sp e are－b ut there are two distinctly se p arate and branches.subassembly:组件、部件substandard：低于标准的suite：软件包industry－William increasingly hostilesupply chain：供应链symmetrical：对称、匀称synchronous：同步的synthesize：综合tangible:有形的team spirit：团队精神Te chn ical Co m m itte e（TC）176:品质保证技术委员会template：模板template：模型thermal process:热处理thermal：热量的，热的third-party logistics:第三方物流threbligs：动素time study：时间研究time-series analysis:时间序列分析tolerance：容许偏差tote bin：搬运箱trade-off: 权衡transaction:业务、交易transformation：转换transmission:传送transportation:运输trivial：琐碎的tune:调整turbine:涡轮机、汽轮机two-hand process chart：双手程序图underengineer：低于工程要求的unloading:卸载unpredictable：不可预测的use r-ce nte re d:用户为中心的variable:变量vessel:管道vibration：振动vicinity：邻近visionary:远景warehouse:仓库warehouse：仓库、仓储weld：焊接wholesaler:批发商work measurement：作业测定work piece：工件work related upper limb disorder:工作引起的上肢功能障碍work sampling：工作抽样work unit：工件workhead：工作台、机台workholder：工件夹具wo rk-in-p ro ce ss：在制品workshop:车间、研讨会workstation：工作站。

civil engineering 土木工程slopes and fills 边坡和路堤settlement 沉降stability 稳定性hydraulic 水利的，液压的runoff 流量，流泻，流放behavior 性能，性质hazardous 危险的major 专业科目remedy 补救，修理roadway 路面，道路asphalt 沥青concrete 混凝土combustible 易燃的slurry 浆，泥浆，翻浆冒泥execution 施工，实施，执行specific 特殊的，专门的，具体的dynamic 动力的，冲击的static 静力的characteristic 特有的；特性，性能intensity 强度，密度sump 排水坑，集水坑carbon fiber 碳纤维excavation 挖掘，开挖landscape 风景，美化fill 填土ancillary 辅助的，附属的foundation 基础excavator 挖掘机，开凿者proceed 继续进行，开始interlock 使联结，使组合construction 建造，施工surveyor 测量员dewater 排水placement and curing 浇筑与养护cast 浇筑superstructure 上部结构duration 持续时间destroy 破坏，毁坏initially 最初，开始specialize 专门研究，使专业化geodetic 大地测量学topographical 地形学的powerhouse 动力室，发电厂skyscraper 摩天楼initiate 产生slag inclusion 夹渣gas pocket 气孔under cutting 咬边fatigue 疲劳black bolt 粗制螺栓high-strength fraction grip bolt 摩擦型高强度螺栓forge 打制，锻造thread 螺纹shank 螺杆asymmetrical 非对称的symmetrical 对称的neutral axis 中和轴bracing 支撑purlin 檩条shear wall structure 剪力墙结构long-time 长期的，持久的civilization文明urbanization 都市化architectural 建筑的spiral 螺旋的habitation 住所，居住rigidity 刚度，刚性multifunctional 多功能的，多用途的integrity 完整性，完善ductility 塑性，韧性uniformity 均匀性weldability 可焊性fire resistance 耐火性corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性plateau 平台stress-strain curve 应力应变曲线yield strength 屈服强度sulphur 硫silicon 硅manganese 锰phosphorus 磷proportional 成比例的，比例上的ultimate 最后的，最终的strain harden 应变硬化specimen 试样delimitation 界限，分界periodically 定期地，周期地Poisson ratio 泊松比modulus 模量coefficient 系数distortion 扭曲，变形cement 水泥bituminous 沥青eco-materials 生态材料calcareous 石灰质的，钙质的argillaceous 黏土质的，黏土的calcined 焙烧的，煅烧的clinker 水泥熟料，熟料gypsum 石膏pulverize 粉碎set 凝固，安置，调节，硬化Portland cement 波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥rapid hardening cement 快硬性水泥formwork 模板工程，模板Portland pozzolana cement 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥air-entraining cement 引气水泥fineness 细度，纯度prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土mould 塑造，模具，模型shell structure 壳体结构paneling 嵌板，格子，镶板falsework 脚手架，临时支撑glued-laminated 胶合叠层metallic luster 金属光泽load bearing capacity 承载能力modulus of elasticity 弹性模量yield stress 屈服应力elongation 伸长率，伸长度waterproof 防水，抗水，防水的，耐水的，不透水的emulsion 乳液，乳化剂，乳胶capillary 毛细，毛细管polymer 聚合物，高分子，高分子聚合物crack 开裂，裂纹，裂缝pour 浇注，倾倒pump 抽吸，泵送spray 喷涂reinforcing steel=reinforcing bar 钢筋longitudinal 长度的，纵向的，轴向的shear force 剪力multistory building 多层建筑rate of contraction 收缩率rate of expansion 膨胀率embed 放入，埋入，埋置，嵌入reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土adhesion 附着力，黏合力bond 结合力，黏合力，黏结，握裹hot-rolled reinforcing bar 热轧钢筋rib-shaped surface 肋形表面alkaline 碱性的，碱性corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀，锈spalling 剥落，层裂galvanized 镀锌的epoxy-coated 环氧涂层的rigid 刚性的frame 框架anchorage 锚固，锚具curtain wall 幕墙bearing wall 承重墙durability 耐久性deterioration 恶化，损坏，退化chloride 氯化物，漂白剂sulphate 硫酸盐alkali 碱absorption 吸收性，吸收permeability 渗透性，渗透率homogeneous 同类的，均质的，均相的disruptive 破坏性的thaw 解冻，融化reservoir 水库，蓄水池compatible 相容的，能共处的workability 和易性，可用性deicing 去冰，除冰leaching 浸析，浸出carbonation 碳化cement paste 水泥浆cavitation 气蚀，气穴，凹穴abrasive 磨蚀的，磨平的attrition 磨损，磨耗erosion 腐蚀，侵蚀fly ash 粉煤灰silica fume 硅粉mineral admixture 矿物掺合料calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙porosity 孔隙率，多孔性segregation 离析，分离deformable 可变形的axially 轴向地torsion 扭转，扭力shell 壳体distortion 扭转，扭曲，翘曲，变形formula 公式，方程式，方案strain 应变deflection 挠度，挠曲，偏离，偏差角failure 失效，失败，破裂，故障criterion 准则，判据，标准criteria （复数）准则，判据，标准factor of safety 安全系数fracture 破裂，破碎，折断，断裂collapse 坍塌，破坏，倒塌，陷落，倒闭static 静的，静力的，静电的code 规范，标准linear elastic range 线弹性范围allowable stress 允许应力mild steel 低碳钢ultimate stress 极限应力margin 边缘部分，栏外，页面的空白。

工程管理常用词汇目录1.项目建议1.1项目建议概况1.2报价资料1.3合同技术用语1.4估算1.5可行性研究1.6业务范围1.7工厂分类与设计1.8设备1.9相关企业2.投标、合同2.1投标情况2.2合同用语2.3合同形式3.支付、金融、财务3.1支付、金融3.2财务4.采购、运输、保险4.1进出口手续4.2运输4.3保险4.4贸易条件4.5采购4.6包装5.项目执行费用管理5.1项目执行5.2工程5.3费用及工时管理5.4费用分类5.5组织6.标准化、资料管理、法规、规格6.1标准化6.2资料管理6.3法规7.工厂系统图、设备布置图、配管图及材料统计7.1图纸、条件表7.2管道要素8.配管及一般设备设计8.1保温、保冷8.2防腐、涂漆8.3振动解析8.4耐震设计8.5应力分析8.6流体流动8.7噪音8.8设计条件9.塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1图面用语9.2容器9.3内件9.4主要附属品9.5换热器9.6加热炉10.转动机械10.1转动机械10.2转动机械性能10.3泵10.4压缩机、风机等10.5透平10.6冷冻机11.其它机器11.1搬运11.2粉碎11.3化学机械12.公用工程12.1锅炉、蒸汽及给水系统12.2蒸汽轮机12.3燃气轮机12.4电厂12.5水处理12.6水质13.化工操作及工厂装置名称13.1反应13.2吸收、吸附、分离13.3热交换13.4其它14.流体名称及流体的性质14.1流体名称14.2流体的性质14.3粉体特性15.操作15.1操作、维护15.2操作状态16.防灾和环保16.1消防设备16.2火灾16.3其它防火设备16.4电气防爆16.5危险场所、火灾、爆炸16.6化学设备、危险物、有害物16.7安全16.8公害17.原子能17.1一般17.2反应堆及核燃烧17.3原子能发电17.4放射性管理17.5原子能单位18.电气(含通信)18.1图面18.2电气一般18.3电源和配电18.4电气设备18.5控制、运行18.6接地18.7照明18.8通信18.9配线材料18.10电气施工18.11测定、试验19.仪表19.1图画19.2仪表控制19.3测试仪器19.4控制阀和安全阀19.5其它20.土建20.1图画、计算、规定20.2调查20.3建筑设计20.4土木设计20.5建筑设备设计20.6工程21.施工21.1一般工程21.2土木机械21.3起吊、搬运21.4试验、检查工具21.5通用工程器材21.6作业机械21.7木工机械21.8制罐、扳金机械21.9各种工程用工具21.10测量工具22.检验22.1检验及处理22.2压力试验22.3焊接、材料试验23.焊接、切割23.1焊接方式和种类23.2焊接设计24.材料及其损伤24.1金属材料24.2表面处理24.3材料性质24.4金相及加工24.5热处理24.6材料组织及缺陷24.7腐蚀及其它材料损伤24.8有机材料24.9无机材料25.分析25.1分析一般25.2分析器具25.3气体分析25.4电气分析25.5光度分析25.6分离分析25.7电磁分析25.8热分析25.9其它分析26.计算系统26.1情报处理26.2计算机语言26.3计算机处理1.项目建议1.1项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commecial terms and condition商务commecial技术technical技术说明technical specification 建议书proposal book资料费information price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation1.2报价资料工艺说明process description工艺特点process feature经验记载experience record工艺性能process peroformance设备表equipment list说明、规定、规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP&L图P&L diagram单线图single line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料、文件documentation1.3合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performance时间保证time gaarantee交货保证delivery guarantee建造保证workmanship guarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock 辅助原料sub-raw material产品product付产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limits(界区)进料incoming(界区)出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition (配管图)分界线match line工厂、装置plant设备equipment关键设备 critical equipment专利设备 proprietary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment 散装材料bulk material施工材料 material of construction 仪表instrument备品备件spare parts建筑工具constrution aid(现场)居住设施accommmodation现场派遣espatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数（开工日）stream day系列train日历日calender day日历月calender month机械(试车)完工mechanical completion试车 trial operation初次试车initial oeration开车start up注油oil in投料feed in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol1.4估算估算estimate概算budgetary estimate推算slide幂指数power term(费用)分类、分项价格breakdown外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible currency 专利费license fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费knowhow fee基础设计费basic engineering fee 代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk易货补偿compensation直接费用direct cost间接费用indirect cost项目管理费project expense现场管理费field expense一般管理费（上级管理费）overhead 利润profit生活费living expense出勤津贴daily allowance(出差)准备费outfit allowance劳务费labour cost基本工资base wage补偿费payroll burden福利费fringe benef i t1.5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection(现场)位置location市场marketing可获利润率profitability生产成本production cost经营费operation cost可变成本variable cost不变成本fixed cost总投资total investment cost折旧费depreciation现金流量cash flow折现现金流量discount cash flow 工况研究case study产权资本、自有资金equity建设资本利息interest during construction1.6业务范围现场勘测site survey工艺设计process design基础设计basic engineering基础设计包basie design package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work临时工作temporary work投料试车commissioning培训training(现场)指导supervisory servive顾问advisory servive初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project基础设施infrastruture上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware1.7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版(设计)厂copy plant生产厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant试验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂petrochemical complex下游(厂)downstream(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置 mirror image设计余量overdesign降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈debottlenecking工厂模型plant model1.8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility 事故发电设施emergency power generation facility水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设备water intakefacility海水淡化装置desallination facility仪表空气发生装置instrument air generation facility惰性气体发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility 罐区tank yard散装贮存设备bulk storage facility 包装机械bag making facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公室administration building 维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通信设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system 询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility 安全器具safety equipment生活设施colony公用设施townshop娱乐设施recreation facility 1.9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接雇用direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licenser专利拥有者patent owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker(2)manufacturer业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问technical adviser用户user最终用户end user客户(1)customer(2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2.1投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotation\estimation 投标、投标书bid \tender投标资料bid documents预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2合同用语协议agreement合同、契约contract注消cancellation约定consideration合同转让assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁arbitration基本法governing law秘密条款(1)secrect clause(2)non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages 总赔偿额度total liability连带(债务)joint and several优先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款penalty税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infringement最高现额ceiling委任书power保证金bond2.3合同形式招标合同competitive bid contract 议付合同negotiating contract FOB合同FOB-type contract成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract （交钥匙工程）(2)chef montage contract总付合同lump sum pri ce contract 单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products互购交易counterpurchase transaction3.支付、金融、财务3.1支付、金融支付条款、支付条件 payment terms 延期付款 deferred payment留存款项、保留资金 retention money 定期付款 schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment 付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A document against acceptaned信贷、信用credit卖方信贷、供应商信贷sup plier’s credit买方信贷buyer’s credit银行信贷bank loan财政、金融finance借款、借贷loan偿还reimburse,reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证、信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单、汇票单据documentary vill of exchange汇款,汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表,决算表balance sheet损益报表P&Lprotit and loss statement4.采购、运输我、保险4.1进出口手续出口手续export license出口许可证变更E/L amend COCOMcoordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment非标准结算方法non-standard paymentDBC draw-back cargo [DBC]出口申报银行expoet declaration custom出口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证import license进口申报单omport declaration保税区域bonded area关税import duty原产地证明书certificate of origin 发票invoice4.2运输装箱单packing list提单bill of lading [B/L]指示提单order B/L直接提单straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L,on-board B/L 备运提单received B/L船上收货单clean B/L装货通知单shipping order [S/O]交货单delivery order [D/O]空运货单airway bill海上运费同盟ocean freight目的地付费freight payable at destination出港前付费freight prepaid码头工人搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival[ETA]船离港预定时间expected time of departure[ETD]海关快速发货custom quidk dispatch [ODC]滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo [ODC]4.3保险海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor’s risk insurance4.4贸易条件出厂价(1)EX works(2)EX factory(3)EX mill海上交货FOB-named port of含保险海上交货4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价dark price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏差表deviation list 到货时间rime of delivery支付方式(1)terms of payment(2)payment conditions(3)payment terms延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery分期支付instalment payment预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment计划支付scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of purchase折价discount谈判、交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation评标evaluation价格分析value analysis订购单purchase order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期票promissory note催货expediting跟踪系统follow-up system4.6包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proof packing防潮湿包装moisure-proof packing 防水包装moisture-proof packing软包装shrink packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate框架箱framed box滑橇底座skid base码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花蓝螺丝turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护带edge protecter closure plate防护角corner protecter板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shopping mark注意标志care mark5.项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting 开工会议launching meeting项目报告project reporting审查会议screening meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告job close-out report 项目执行报告job performance report完工汇编close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project design information会签inter-department check工程设计engineering review工艺条件确认engineering checking 工艺条件校核engineering checking 项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet施工版approved for construction (AFC)设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping mateial荷载条件loading data关键路径法critical path method关键路径进度表critical path schedulingPERT program evaluation and review technique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget工时man-hour (M/H)工日man-day (M/D)人月man-month(M/M)考勤表time sheet工作号work number项目号job number前期项目号proposal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hour report 5.4费用分类费用分类code主帐major account分帐sub-account设备位号item number5.5组织指定assign借调on-loan项目成员project member项目经理project manager (PM)项目经理助理assistant project manager (APM)施工经理construction manger (CM) 开车经理operation manager (OM)现场指挥field manger项目前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始购销员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC)6.标准化，资料管理，法规，规格6．1标准化标准化standardization标准，规格standard工程规定engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering specification 标准图standard drawing工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law6．2资料管理情报管理information and documentation信息中心information center调研（追述）retrospective searching 信息选择服务selective dissemination of information情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficiency资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘抄secondary sources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals（学会）纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议记录proceedings索引期刊index journal文摘期刊abstract journal情报摘要informative abstracts提示文稿indicative abstracts图书目录book catalog标题目录standar总目录union catalog标准目录standard cutalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-context index KWOC索引keyword-out-of context index顺序索引permuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subjecft analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进分类法Universal decimal classification借阅卡片visible card 书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system维缩片夹aperture card维缩卡片fiche film6.3法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industrial safety and health law建筑基本法building standard law 单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units7.系统图，设备布置图，配管图及材料统计7．1图纸，条件图工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道仪表流程图process piping & instrument公用流程图utility flow diagram框图block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图utility balance diagram (UBD)平面布置图plot plan立面布置图general arrangement总图general plot plan规划图planning drawing管道研究图piping study drawing 管道布置图（配管图）piping arrangement drawing分区图key plan管道走向研究图piping routing study drawing地下管道图underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图piping special parts drawing管架详图piping hanging drawing预制图prefabrication drawing参考图reference drawing通用图typical drawing制造厂图vendor’s drawing管道轴测图isometric piping drawing竣工图as-built drawing模型model管线表line schedule计算书calculation sheet图纸目录drawing schedule发图阶段issue stage版次revision number编号体系numbering system比例scale工厂北向plant north海平面标高over-sea mean level [OSL]标高elevation [EL]已有结构existing structure装货区loading area公用工程站utility station柱号column number净空headroom通道access way小通道cat way钢结构顶部标高top of structure elevation管底标高bottom of piping elevation 主管口径run size顶平偏心异径管eccentric reducer elevation中心到面的距离center to face工作点标高working point elevation 管架标注hanging marking冷拉cold spring管线记号line symbol管线接口line connection物流号stream NO.管线等级号(1)class designation (2)spec designation阀门号valve NO.等级分界specification break重要管道critical piping总管header pipe仪表管道instrument piping 排放管道blowdown piping火炬气管道flare piping输送管线transfer line入口管线suction line排水管effluent line旁通管bypass line吹扫系统purge system放空接口vent connection软管接口hose connection双切断阀及排放阀double and bleeder污水沟sewer ditch冷凝液池condensate pit积水坑sump box漏斗drip funnel管段spool piece垫环spacer ring限流孔板restriction orifice流量喷咀flow nozzle液体混合用三通mixing tee喷头spray nozzle粗滤器strainer临时粗滤器temporary strainer疏水阀steam trap爆破膜 rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道steam-traced piping 夹套管道jacketed piping地下管道underground piping7.2管道要素钢管steel pipe螺纹端管threaded pipe法兰端管flanged pipe锻制swage光滑弯管smooth bendU型弯管U-bend弯管bending pipe波纹管膨胀节expansinon bellows柔性管flexible pipe管件接头pipe fitting joint机械连接mechanical joint活套连接lapped joint环形垫连接ring type joint扩口接头flare type joint非扩口连接 flareless type joint承插连接bell and spigotvictaulic接头victaulic joint弯头elbow异径管reducer管接头coupling活接头union短管nipple法兰flange配对法兰companion flange法兰盖blind flange异径法兰reducing flange八字盲板(1)spectactle blind(2)reversible blind平板式法兰plate flange带颈法兰hubbed flange对焊法兰welding neck flange松套法兰lapped flange管端突缘stub end法兰面flange face垫片沟槽gasket groove满平面full face突面raised face大准槽面large tongue and groove face双凹凸面double male & female face 大凹凸面large male &female face金属垫片metallic gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket半金属垫片semi-metallie gasketO型环O-ring透镜垫lens ring对焊butt weld承插焊接socket weld滑套焊接slip-on weld焊接支管台weldolet插入环insert ring管帽cap材料表bill of material材料统计take-off管段表line bill of material估算汇总表estimation summary sheet备品备件表spare parts list报价单quotation sheet 订货表purchase order schedule材料汇总表bill of material summary 状态报告status report分布报告distribution report价格、重量一览表cost & weight summary价格、重量汇总表cost & weight total 定货管理表order control管道材料管理表piping material control sheet元件代码item code标记号tag number标准形态standard shape轴测图isometric drawing管线号line reference批号batch reference管子下料表piping cutting list制做件表fabrication parts list组装件表erection part list固定架anchor滑动架resting support导向架guide限位架direction stop减振架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳轴turnnion吊架hanger刚性吊架rigid hanger弹簧吊架spring hanger恒力吊架constant hanger阀门valve截止阀globe valve闸阀gate valve针形阀needle valve球阀ball valve止回阀check valve隔膜阀diaphragm valve三通阀three-way valve角阀angle valve碟阀butterfly valve旋塞阀cock伸长杆操作extension stem-operation链操作chain-operated齿轮操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated电动操作motor-operated阀芯trim阀盖bonnet焊接支管weld branch偏置offset焊缝根部间隙weld root gap现场调整后再下料和焊接cut and weld after adjusting坡度slope工作点working point管架说明notes for piping hanging 部门间校核版interdepartmental check print平端plain end坡口端beveled end管道联接图piping hook-up drawing 管道图说明notes for piping drawing 标题栏title block询价单piping requisition sheet8.配管及一般设备设计8.1保温、保冷绝热insulation设备绝热表equipment insulation schedule绝热符号insulation code保温设计design of cold insulation 正常操作所用的保温insulation for stable operating人身防护personnel protection防火层fire-proofing防结露anti-sweat防冻winterizing防音sound protection保温材料hot insulation material 保冷材料cold insulation material 石棉asbesttos硅藻土diatomaceous earth岩棉rock wool玻璃棉glass wool 碳酸镁magnesium carbonate硅酸铝calcium silicate珍珠岩perlite软木板cork boards毛毡hair felt泡沫聚氨酯foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigid foam urethane硬泡沫橡胶rigid foam rubber玛碲脂mastic耐磨损材料anti-abrasion coating material管壳lagging cloth铁丝网hexagonal wire netting填缝材料caulking material保护层(1)jacketing sheet(2)cover sheet波纹铝板corrugated galvanized sheet有色镀锌钢板precoated galvanized sheet搭板butt strapZ型接头Z-joint8.2防腐、涂漆色标colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsell notation管道识别色identification of piping system防腐层external coating油漆paint清漆varnish防腐漆(1)anti-corrosive paint (2)rush-proof paint含铝漆aluminum paint底漆primer耐酸漆acid-proof paint耐碱漆acid-proof paint耐热漆alkali-proof paint测温漆thermo-paint表面处理surface preparation涂漆painting阴级保护cathodic protection8.3振动解析机械振动mechanical vibration自由振动free vibration强制振动forced vibration自励振动self-excited vibration固有频率natural frequency固有周期natural period波谷loop波峰node正弦振动sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动non-linear oscillation 阻尼振动damped vibration监界阻尼critical damping衰减系数(1)attenuation constant(2)decay coefficinent(3)decay factor共振resonance扭曲振动torsional vibration挠性振动flexural vibration极限速度critical speed固有值characteristic value临界条件boundary condition弹簧系数spring constant惯性矩moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration振动吸收装置dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1)spring dampener (2)spring damper油压锁定oil lock8.4耐震设计固有振动方式natural frequency mode卓越周期predominant period横波transverse wave纵波longitudinal wave相对位移relative displacement质量比mass ratio静解析法static method修正静解析法corrected static method动解析法modal analysis时历响应解析法time history response analysis设计响应谱design response spectrum加速响应光谱acceleration response spectrum地板响应光谱floor response spectrum标准响应光谱standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性结构rigid structure柔性结构flexible structure长周期结构long-period structure 刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波earthquake accelerogram位移量记录displaecment record设计地震design seismic coefficient设计地震design seismic coefficient地震earthquake震源距离distance to centrum震中距离distance to epicenter震吸magnitude地震波显示仪seismoscope地震仪seismograph耐震等级seismic class基岩base rock8.5应力分析外力cxternal force内力internal force反作用力reaction force力偶 couple of force弯矩bending moment扭矩twisting moment应力stress弯曲应力bending stress扭曲应力torsional stress圆周应力hoop stress峰值应力peak stress一次应力primary stress二次应力secondary stress轴向应力axial stress重复应力repeated stress脉动应力pulsating stress交变应力alternating stress主应力理论principal stress theory 最大剪切应力理论maximum shearing stress theory残余应力residual stress热应力thermal stress热破坏thermal shock疲劳fatifue疲劳曲线S-N diagram疲劳极限(1)fatigue limit(2)endurance limit腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue蠕变creep蠕变疲劳creep fatigue尺寸效应size effect应力集中系数coefficient of stress concentration形状系数shape coefficient缺口系数notch factor应力强度系数stress intensity factor几何惯性矩geometrical moment of inertia断面极惯性矩polar moment of inertie of area杨氏模量young’s modulus横向弹性系数modulus of transverse elasticity体积弹性系数modulus of volumetric elasticity泊松比poissor’s ratio弹性极限elastic limit屈服点yielf point拉伸强度tensile strength伸长elongation永久变形permanent set弹性flexibility弹性分析elsastic analysis弹性屈服elastic buckling塑性plasticity塑变滞后p;asticity hysteresis极限分析limit anslysis弹塑性分析elastic-plastic analysis 疲劳分析fatigye analysis有限元法finite element method静荷载dead load8.6流体流动水锤water hammer急关rapid closure缓关slow closure冲击波shock液压振动acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动pulsation flow两相流rwo-phase flow气压振动acoustic vibration卡门涡街karman eddies颤动fluttering气蚀cavitation8.7噪音噪音(1)noise(2)undersired sound听力范围auditory sensation area 掩蔽masking背景噪音background noise声强sound intensity声压sound pressure声压值sound pressure level噪声值(1)noise level(2)sound level噪声计sound level meter听觉校正回路weighting network音平loundness level音能sound power音能值sound power level总体值overall level90%范围90% range中间值medianNR数noise rating number频率分析器frequency analyzer倍频带octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 ocatave band波段值band level音场sound field方向性directivity方向系数directivity factor衍射diffraction声源sound source房间常数room constant吸音率sound absorption coefficient穿透损失transmission loss质量原理mass law8.8设计条件操作压力operating pressure最高操作压力maximum operating pressure操作温度operating temperature最高操作温度maximum operation temperature温度基准base temperature腐蚀裕度corrosion allowance许容应力allowavle stress安全系数safety factor地理条件geolgical conditions 9．塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1图画用语设备表 vessel schedule工程图 engineering drawing管口表 (1) nozzle chart(2) nozzle schedule管口方位 nozzle orientation予焊件图 clip schedule切线 tangent line (TL)焊缝线 weld line (WL)参照线 working line (WL)基准线 base line (BL)9.2容器容器 vessel塔 tower自支承塔 self-supported tower板式塔 tray tower填料塔 packed tower喷淋塔 spray tower槽、罐 drum贮罐 tank球罐 (1) spherical tank(2) ball tank浮顶罐 floating roof tank锥顶罐 cone roof tank拱顶罐 dome roof tank 双壁罐 double wall tank湿式气柜 wet gas holder干式气柜 dry gas holder料仓 (1) silo(2) bin料斗9.3 内件内件 internal塔盘 tray泡罩塔盘 bubble cap tray筛板塔盘 perforated tray浮阀塔盘 valve tray单流向式塔盘 uni-flux tray波纹塔盘 ripple tray塔盘板 deck溢流堰 weir降液管 downcomer密封槽 seal pot取液槽 draw-off pot密封盘 seal pan塔盘支承环 tray support ring鲍尔环 pall ring泪孔 weep hole填料 packing拉希环 Rasching ring矩鞍形填料 intalox saddle分布器 distributor除沫器 demister进料挡板 feed deflector防涡流挡板 vortex breaker内筒 cartridge9.4 主要附属品壳体 shell变颈段 reducing section封头 head椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head蝶形封头 (1) dished head(2) torisphericalhead半球形封头 hemispherical head锥形封头 conical head平封头 flat head加强圈 reinforcing ring夹套 jacket入孔 manhole手孔 hand hole检查孔 inspection hole接管 nozzle凸缘 pad nozzle锻制接管 forged nozzle补强板 reinforcing pad信号孔 tell-tale hole容器支座 vessel support裙座 skirt支腿 leg支耳 support lug底座 base block基础环 base ring筋板 gusset plate压环 compression ring鞍座 saddle模板 template通道 access opening套管 pipe sleeve连接板 lug予焊件 clip接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug平台 platform梯子 ladder保温支承 insulation support吊柱 davit入孔绞链 manhole hinge放空口 vent nozzle呼吸阀 breather valve计量口 gauge hatch9.5 换热器换热器 heat exchanger换热面积 heat transfer area总传热系数overall heattransfer coefficient境膜传热系数 film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmicmean temperature difference(LMD)平均温差mean temperaturedifference (MTD) 污垢系数 fouling factor布管图 tube arrangement三角形排列 triangular arrange 转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列 square arrangement 转角正方形排列 rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limited管壳式换热器 sheet and tube heat exchanger固定管板换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangerU形管换热器 U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器 kettle type heat exchanger套管式换热器 double tube type heat exchanger冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器 coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器 jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器 air-cooled heat exchanger换热管 tube折流板 baffle plate管箱 channel分程隔板 pass partition plate 浮头 floating head防冲挡板 impingement baffle管束 tube bundle管板 tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头 ferrule9.6 加热炉加热炉 direct-fired heater热负荷 (1) heat duty(2) heat release热损失 heat loss加热炉效率efficient ofheater热流率 heat flux管壁温度tube skintemperature体积热负荷volumetric heatrelease辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section屏蔽段 shield section坝墙 bridge wall暴露墙 exposed wall屏蔽墙 shield section管支承 tube support炉管 (1) heater tube(2) furnace tube扩大表面管 extended surfacetube联箱 (1) header(2) header box回弯头 return bend管群间连接管 crossover通风 draft烟道 flue烟道挡板 damper烟囱 stack烧嘴 burner过量空气 excess air风箱 wind box观察孔 (1) observation door(2) peep door检修孔 access door防爆门 explosion door吹灰器 soot blower油漆清车导轨 painter trolley陶瓷纤维 ceramic fiber耐火砖 fire brick保温耐火砖insulation firebrick保温板 insulation board可铸耐火材料 castable衬里支撑 lining anchor炉臂横梁 lintel膨胀节 expansion joint10. 转动机械10.1 转动机械轴 shaft轴承 bearing轴承箱 bearing housing联轴节 shaft coupling滑轮 pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带）V-belt转动设备 turning equipment润滑 lubricating润滑油 (1) lubricating oil(2) lube oil密封 seal轴封 shaft seal填料 packing填料箱 stuffing box油膜密封 oil film seal油封 seal oil机械密封 mechanical seal齿轮 gear曲轴 crankshaft连杆 connecting rod十字头 crosshead气缸 cylinder缸套 cylinder liner汽缸阀 cylinder valve活塞 piston金属填料 metallic packing予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞 plunger箱体（壳体） casing转子 rotor。

常用工程英语词汇Construction Site 建筑工地Apologize for any inconvenience caused during building operation 对施工期间带来的不便表示歉意。

Danger of death. Keep out. 生命危险，严禁入内。

Danger，building site, keep out 工地危险，禁止入内。

Danger，evacuation 危险 ,请走开Dangerous structure, this bridge is unsafe 危险结构，该桥不安全。

Hot work in progress 正在施工No persons allowed beyond this point 任何人不许越过此处。

Safety footwear.穿安全靴Safety helmets must be worn on this site 此工地必须戴安全帽。

Site entrance, dangerous 工地入口，危险Slow, site entrance 工地入口请慢行This button has been moved for remedial work 该按钮已卸下拿去修理。

This is just for construction personnel 仅供施工人员使用。

This lift is only for construction personal 此电梯仅供施工人员使用。

This work will be completed by the end of this year. Thank you for your patience during the inevitable disruption 此工程于年底完工，感谢你施工期间的宽容大度。

We apologize for any inconvenience caused during this works 对施工期间引起的不便表示歉意。