Unit 12 “Take Over, Bos’n!”Teaching plan综合教程三

Unit 12 Going for gold教学目的和要求Teaching aims and demands通过学习本单元了解奥运会，了解奥林匹克精神能够初步掌握有关运动项目的英语单词能够用英语说故事及散文交际用语Expressions in communicationOlympic Games are going to be held in BeijingWho is the best playerGold medals will be given to the best athletesWhat can you do for Olympics?When was Yao Ming born?Where was he born?When did Yao Ming begin to like basketball?重点朗读词汇Key words and expressionsOlympic Games, athletes, gold medals, high jump, long jump, diving, water polo, badminton, boxing, baseball, basketball, football, rowing, skating, sailing, running, volleyball, shooting, tennis, cycling, hockey, handball, wresting, protect, environment, volunteers, historical interests所需教具Materials for teaching与本单元相关的各种运动图片北京名胜古迹的一些图片姚明的图片做一个类似篮球网的东西，让学生投掷羽毛球若干套小型的字母卡片若干张白纸（每人一张）如何导入教学？上课时，教师可以带进教室任何一件反映奥运会的纪念品或图片，然后问大家：“Why do I bring this picture/thing to our class today? Who knows?”教师问学生，看是否有学生能联系到奥运会上，教师接着说：“I bring this to our class because we are going to talk about Olympic Games today. First of all, I’d like to ask you a few questions. What are the sports competitions in Olympic Games? Can you name some? They are…”教师边等待边开始举例说：“swimming, soccer, badminton, running…”说了几个以后教师可以停下来进行下面的活动：a)“Good, now let’s do the brainstorming work in groups. Let’s have four people in a group.You talk about the games. You can go on talking about the sports games.”学生讨论的时候，教师把各种运动的图片贴在黑板上，贴完之后就可以让学生停下来，并让学生以组为单位说一下刚才说出的是哪些项目。

❖ 7 我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走, 遇到的很多 东西,此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举 一个例子吧：
❖ 8 里德大学在那时提供也许是全美最好的美 术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报, 每个 抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。因为 我退学了, 不必去上正规的课程, 所以我决定 去参加这个课程，去学学怎样写出漂亮的美 术字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体, 我学会 了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中改变空白间 距, 还有怎么样才能作出最棒的印刷式样。那 种美好、历史感和艺术精妙，是科学永远不 能捕捉到的, 我发现那实在是太迷人了。
❖ 1-5 . CCCBA
❖ 6-10 DBCAA
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given in
t1h.erebloexn.tChange the for6m. dwehsetninnyecessary.
2. dot
7. commencement
3. tuition
I. Give brief answers to the following questions.
❖ For this part, the students can answer the questions in terms of their own thoughts freely.
❖ II. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. Change the form when necessary.
feelings ❖ 5. has drawn attention of the people
The translation of Text B

综合英语第三册Unit1-Unit12的翻译答案Unit 11. She doesn't seem to get along with her new classmates.2. I'd been out of touch with Mary for years, but I managed to get in touch by phone yesterday.3. The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him.4. Her husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad5. As Thomas couldn't settle down in his job, his parents were very worried.6. I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets7. Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle.8. I hope the food is to your liking.9. I told the boys off for making so much noise.Unit 21. He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately.2. They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction.3. He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch.4. After three month's illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again.5. Owing to a staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule.6. During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties.7. When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her.8. He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from slipping.Unit 31. Mother immediately sent T om for the doctor.2. She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar.3. I know how desperately busy you are now.4. The whole class roared with laughter at T om's slip of the tongue.5. Such things as needles and scissors should be kept out of the reach of children6. The soldiers stood under the burning / scorching sun, drenched with sweat.7. He returned to his own country / motherland in the end.Unit 41. Obviously I have overestimated my sense of direction. Next time, I will remember to bring along a map with me.2. The mother is now thoroughly disillusioned with her selfish unfilial son.3. She has no knack for saying the right thing at the right time.4. He and football were meant for each other from the start.5. My boss assigned me the secretarial work for the first month.6. If a driver breaks traffic rules, are there any alternatives toa fine?7. Being a clumsy person, he often subjects himself / is often subjected to ridicule.Unit 51. Did James have supper with you on the night in question?2. The coach was satisfied with the ultimate victory of the match.3. T o remove the linguistic barriers in communication among the peoples of the world, linguists have embarked on the study of a new universal language4. The emergence of joint-venture enterprises has increased our opportunities to have contact with foreigners.5. Mother asked him to gather up the bits and pieces of his belongings from the desk and putthem in the drawer.6. Their argument arose out of a small joke.7. The picture is too blurred for me to identify the girl in it.8. If someone claims to have the ability to communicate with ghosts, would you believe it?Unit 61. After graduation, he became an engineer to start with, then the director of a plant.2. I think I may as well accept his invitation, for you can't keep saying no to people.3. Everyone in the car must wear a seat belt for the sake of safety.4. Reduce the temperature to zero degree centigrade and water will freeze / turn into ice.5. He was accused of theft. But actually he was innocent.6. The heroine's performance is a little exaggerated, but otherwise it is an excellent movie.7. Sometimes even adults will fall for children's tricks.8. You lied to her again and again. So if she leaves you, it serves you right.Unit 71. My father was very cross at my not learning business from him.2. Although these kids are very naughty now, they will grow up one day understanding that creating trouble for others would not get away with impunity.3. She had her things wrapped in a piece of blue cloth and put into the suitcase.4. I'll be home on leave next month.5. We had a terrible job to open the door.6. Unknown to them, she was nearby.7. The criminal was deprived of all political rights.8. I'm sorry, I'm in the wrong.Unit 81. I prefer spring to autumn though I love both seasons.2. I believe that electric cars will one day supplant petrol-driven ones.3. They warned him of the danger of climbing the Himalayas, but he wouldn't listen.4. The teacher told his students that their future prospects hinged on their performance in this examination.5. Everybody thinks that she deserves the title "Best Actress of the Year" she has been awarded.6. Every time the girl came across a problem, she would turn to her mother for a solution, rather than trying to solve it herself.7. After her husband died, she continued to nurture her three daughters.8. It seems that a lot of people learn English less as a practical language than as a grammar. Unit 91. The business of this company falls into two categories:commercial electric appliances and household electric appliances.2. The farm yields enough crops to meet our needs.3. Through biotechnology, a new type of tomato has been bred which is resistant to disease.4. He managed to make the boss see the relevance of what he was doing to the company's business.5. I'm very fond of Hemingway's novels, Farewell to Arms in particular.6. The sofa, when unfolded, can be converted into a bed.7. I have to stick to the plan as I'm still feeling my way.8. He finally succumbed to temptation and had another drink.Unit 101. In the traditional Chinese opera, The White Snake, the white Snake comes down to the earth in the shape of a beautiful girl and falls in love with Xuxian to whom she gets married later.2. She feels dizzy at the sight of blood.3. He kept drowsing off in class this morning.4. He related the whole story of the long-standing dispute between the two families.5. She would burst into tears at the thought of her child killed in a traffic accident.6. It dawned on me that he was actually trying to help me.7. The cave for the three of them to hide in was no more than two metres high.Unit 111. There is a road on our left leading straight to the foot of the mountains.2. In order to lose weight, she eats nothing but vegetables.3. We are sorry to inform you that we cannot employ you now. If there is a position vacant / a vacancy in the future, we willcontact you4. We cannot complete the project as scheduled because we are short of staff.5. Children will understand one day that parents' nagging is for their good.6. She burst out crying when she heard that her lost daughter had been found.7. If you have any difficulties, don't hesitate to come to see me.Unit 121. We were bewildered by the kid's words.2. Abraham Lincoln, who was of humble origin, became the 16th President of the USA.3. Their country is all but impossible to recover from its economic recession within a short period.4. He is famous for being careful with money.5. One of the reasons why it is difficult for adults to learn a foreign language is that their mother tongue often interferes with their learning.6. The criminals tried to silence the witness with money.7. It is up to the government to solve the problem of massive unemployment.。

Task 2: English for Special Purposes
New Words and Expressions
logic /'l.d..k/ n. 逻辑，逻辑学，逻辑性 describe /d.'skra.b/ v. 描写，描述 certain /'s..tn/ adj. 确定的，某一个 binary /'ba.n.ri/ adj. 二进制的，二元的 state /ste.t/ n. 情形，状态 form /f..m/ nh
Dreaming to Go to Technical School
I was born in a small village. When I was seven years old, I was sent to school and started my education. From then on, I knew that I had to study hard.
Task 1: General English
So I enrolled at the Shanghai Technical School. From then on, a new life started. As I was thirsty for knowledge, I devoted myself to③ studies. Most of my spare time was spent in libraries and workshops.
Task 2: English for Special Purposes
The processors of most electronic systems contain an arrangement of switches called logic gates.⑥ Any logic function can be performed by the three basic gates. They are the AND gate, the OR gate and the NOT gate. Even in a large-scale digital system, such as a digital communication system, there are only a few basic operations to be performed.⑦ The three basic types of logic gates and the flip-flop are the four circuits most commonly employed in such a system⑧.

Why write Business Letters? There are many reasons why you may need to write business letters or other correspondence:
• to persuade • to inform • to request • to express thanks • to remind • to recommend • to apologize • to congratulate • to reject a proposal or offer • to introduce a person or policy • to invite or welcome • to follow up • to formalize decisions
• letter • memo • fax • email
Who writes Business Letters? Most people who have an occupation have to write business letters. Some write many letters each
6th -7th period * Listening and Speaking: Business Telephoning 1. Ask students to listen to the dialog and finish Exercise 3. 2. Have students to study the sample dialog and do Exercise 3 about expressing opinions.
2
教学内容及过程： Teaching Procedures：

Ex.2 on P104
1. There are 113 million children not in school today. → When the World Education Forum met in 2000, it calculated that there were 113 million children not in school.
2. It is reported that _9_9_%__ of schoolage children in China attended primary school by 2004. 3. When the World Education Forum met in _2_0_0_0_, it calculated that there were _1_1_3_ million children not in school.
9. Now, when a Chinese couple has _a_b_a_b_y_, they can be confident that their child will be able to attend school. 10. This mountain school in Lesotho, Africa has _1_2_0_ students.
Lesotho
Methods
Countries
money from international organizations
Байду номын сангаас
China, the developing countries
money from local China, the
organizations
developing

Unit1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeThe passage mainly talked about the dream life of the author with his family on a farm, where the author could write and live. The author viewed his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one, but sometimes the good life would get very hard. On the first winter, the author was fond of every minute instead with his family, which they would never forget, while the follow spring brought two floods, which made them amazed. After quitting his job, the author’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Besides, he ran a farm and benefited more from it. A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy had made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. What’s more, they also had found the lifestyle that they preferred in this place.Unit 2 The Freedom GiversThe passage mainly talked about three persons, Josiah Henson, John Parker and Levi Coffin, who were the givers of freedom for black slaves in the American history. Besides, the author praised the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom by citing more examples. What’s more, it was high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada and freedom. Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin risked himself to help many black slaves to escape. At last, by traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free.Unit 3 The Land of the LockThe passage mainly talked about the land of lock, which happened in American. When the author was young, it was the local custom for people to leave the front door at night but didn’t close it, and none of them carried keys. However, nowadays those days were over, and the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. What a great change was that no locking had been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and so on. Therefore, the lock became the new symbol of America. What’s more, a new atmosphere of fear and distrust had crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, were put to use. In locking their fears out, they became prisoners of their own making.Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space AlienThe passage mainly talked about Albert Einstein, who was a young husband and father with a bushy hair. In order to support his young family, with a poor sleep, he had to work hard at the Patent Office so that he was very tired. For which, he felt all the pressure and responsibility. However, aiming to relax himself, he made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field with five papers about spare time, which were of great impact on all over the world. Because of his supper intelligence and the contribution to the society, the United Nations declared 2005 as his miracle year. What’s more, his discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard constantly for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science. In fact, he was not a space alien, but just a common person.Unit 5 Three Thank-You LettersThe passage mainly talked about the author’s three special letters, by which he wanted to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving. On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, he worked as a cook. While he was going to think about Thanksgiving, he came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before. Therefore, he wrote three thank-you letters to three persons, his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother. At a mail call, he got three letters in reply, which drove him to think deeply. After he retired from the Coast Guard, he still never forgot these letters which gave him an insight into expressing appreciation for one’s efforts. Furthermore, he wished everyone to find the good and then praise it.Unit 6 The Last LeafThe passage mainly talked about the last leaf, which Johnsy gave a sight to after she got the pneumonia and lived in the hospital. She looked out the window and counted the leaves on an old ivy vine. Furthermore, she made up her mind to end her life when the last leaf fell. When she saw the last leaf still cling to the vine after two nights’ rain and wind, she decided not to give up her life. In fact, the last leaf, called a masterpiece by Behrman who risked his life painting it there the night that the last leaf fell, was actually painted onto the wall. However, because it looked so real that she could have never imagined that it was faked. In a deeper sense, it saved her life.unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。

❖ 2 这个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴 滴串连起来。
❖ 3 我在里德大学读了六个月之后就退学了， 但之后仍作为旁听生混了18个月后才最终 离开。我为什么要退学呢？
❖ 4 故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一 个年轻的,没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收 养我, 她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。所以在我 出生的时候，她已经做好了一切的准备工作，能使
❖ 5 在十七岁那年,我真的上了大学。但是我
很愚蠢的选择了一个几乎和你们斯坦福大学 一样贵的学校, 我父母还处于蓝领阶层，他们
几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在 六个月后, 我已经看不到其中的价值所在。我 不知道我真正想要做什么,我也不知道大学能
怎样帮助我找到答案。但是在这里，我几乎 花光了我父母这一辈子的 全部积蓄。所以我
决定要退学,我觉得这是个正确的决定。不能 否认,我当时确实非常的害怕, 但是现在回头 看看,那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。 在我做出退学决定的那一刻, 我终于可以不必
去读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了。然
后我可以开始去修那些看起来有点意思的课
❖ 6 但是这并不是那么罗曼蒂克。我失去了我 的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡 觉,我去捡可以换5美分的可乐罐，仅仅为了 填饱肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里 的路程，穿过这个城市到Hare Krishna神庙 （注：位于纽约Brooklyn下城）,只是为了能 吃上好饭--这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭，我 喜欢那里的饭菜。
得我被一个律师和他的妻子所收养。但是她没有料 到,当我出生之后, 律师夫妇突然决定他们想要一个 女孩。所以我的生养父母（他们在待选名单上）突 然在半夜接到了一个电话:“我们现在这儿有一个不 小心生出来的男婴,你们想要他吗？”他们回答道: “当然！”但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从来 没有上过大学,我的养父甚至从没有读过高中。她拒 绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后,我的父母答 应她一定要让我上大学,那个时候她才软化同意。

Unit 11 On Becoming a Better Student (abridged) Teaching PointsBy the end of this unit, students are supposed to1)grasp the author’s purpose of writing and make clear the structure of the wholepassage through an intensive reading of Text I On Becoming a Better Student (abridged).2)comprehend those useful or important expressions/sentences in Text Ithoroughly and be able to paraphrase them.3)be aware of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation andwriting.4)have a good understanding of the personality traits and the tips given in the text.Teaching Procedures1)lead-in activities2)cultural background3)Text analysis4)structural analysis5)language study6)ExercisesTopics for pre-reading discussion1)What are the greatest problems your group has in English study? Specify two orthree, or recommend your effective study habits.2)As a student, what is your expectation of teachers? Do you expect them to beomniscient and omnipotent, or as human as you are?3)What do you think are the personality traits of a fine student?Cultural BackgroundPositive Student-teacher Relationship●Mutually respectful and supportive●Open communication, as well as emotional and academic support that existsbetween students and teachers●With empathy, warmth, and genuinenessText IOn Becoming a Better Student(abridged)Donna Farhi SchusterGlobal ReadingI. Text AnalysisIn student-teacher relationship, most students would question what teachers’ responsibilities are while neglecting their own merits in this reciprocal relationship. They might think they have the right to expect their teachers to be perfect, yet they do not understand that all the things they wish to get from their teachers are to be attained with their own efforts as a reward rather than a sure gift; otherwise such things can not be genuinely possessed by them. This essay in the beginning raises such an unequal situation between students and teachers, and continues to provide several key requirements good students should follow in the eyes of a teacher, including curiosity, discipline, risk-taking, initiative and enthusiasm. The essay ends with more tips for aspiring students. Only through efforts from both sides can students fully develop themselves in the days of schooling.II. Structural Analysis1)In terms of organization, the article clearly falls into three main parts:The first part (Paragraphs 1-2) states what the writer expects from her students — learn how to learn by themselves.The second part (Paragraphs 3-9) is the body of the essay. The writer discusses the qualities good students have.The third part (Paragraph 10) provides more tips for aspiring students from the author.2)In order to give prominence to the key points, the author uses the typographic device— the main points in the second part are in bold and a solid dark dot is added in front of every tip in the third part.III.Rhetorical Features●Metaphore.g. “We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill and knowledge …” (Paragraph 1)“Repository” is of metaphorical use to convey that they have so much skill and knowledge that we can perpetually learn from them.CitationThe author has cited four people in the text: Nobel Prize-winning physician Albert Szent-Gyorgi (Paragraph 4), educator Neil Postman (Paragraph 6), director of the Institute for Education Therapy in Berkeley, California Jim Spira and F. M. Alexander of the Alexander Technique (Paragraph 9). Citing the rightly chosen people will certainly strengthen the writer’s argument.Detailed ReadingQuestions1.Why does the writer mention the students’ expectations for their teachers first?(Paragraphs 1-2)This is an essay on how to become a better student, but the writer starts with the students’ expectations for their teachers. It seems that she is beating aro und the bush, but actually she intends to redress some of their views. Students are required to realize that learning is not meant to be a give-and-take process. What the students should get from school education is the cultivation of the ability to learn through their own observation and investigation. This leads to the discussion of the factors that will make a good student.2．According to the writer, what should study mean? (Paragraph 5)According to the writer, study should not aim at achievements. Rather, it should be an infinite process, a process that goes on throughout one’s life.3.Why is pushing or forcing considered a pitfall? (Paragraph 9)Many advanced learners are too anxious for new achievements. They tend to try very hard in one area, without realizing the fact that different fields of knowledge are related and that profound knowledge must be accumulated step by step. By pushing or forcing, they may gain little although they’ve strained themselves.Text IIThe Art of AcknowledgementJean HoustonLead-in QuestionsHave you ever experienced any predicament in life? What is the force that drives you to come through difficulties and makes you confident toward the future? Or if you think you lack such force or strength, where do you think such force can derive from?Main ideaIn a vivid story, the writer tells us how she had been so confident, arrogant and evenrude a student, how she became poorly-spirited after several disastrous events, and how she regained the self-confidence and self-respect with the help of a teacher. Through this story, the writer tries to illustrate that the greatest of human potentials is the potential of each one of us to empower and acknowledge the other, and that our greatest genius may be the ability to prime the healing and evolutionary circuits of one another.Notes1.About the author and the text Jean Houston, Ph.D. (1937-) has been a leadingfigure in the cross-cultural study of New Thought spirituality and ritual processes. A prolific author of books, her PBS Special A Passion for the Possible has been widely viewed.2.off-Broadway (Paragraph 1) Off Broadway theater is an umbrella term for a definedset of plays, musicals or revues performed in New York City. Originally referring to the location of a venue and its productions on a street intersecting Broadway in Manhattan's Theatre District, the hub of the theater industry in the United States, the term later became defined by the League of Off-Broadway Theatres and Producers asa professional venue in New York City with a seating capacity between 99 and 500, ora specific production that appears in such a venue. Off Broadway shows, performers,and creative staff are eligible for nomination for the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, the Outer Circle Critics Award, the Drama Desk Award, the Obie Award (presented since 1956 by The Village Voice), and the Lucille Lortel Award (created in 1985 by the League of Off Broadway Theatres & Producers).3.on the top of the heap (Paragraph 1) above everybody else4.Job (Paragraph 5) Job is a gentile man in the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible, aswell as a prophet in Islam. In brief, the book begins with an introduction to Job's character — he is described as a blessed man who lives righteously. Satan, however, challenges Job's integrity, arguing that Job serves God simply because of the "hedge"with which God protects him. God progressively removes that protection, allowing Satan to take his wealth, his children, and his physical health. Job remains loyal throughout, and does not curse God. The main portion of the text consists of the discourse of Job and his three friends concerning why Job was so punished, after which God steps in to answer Job and his friends. The Lord blessed the latter days of Job more than his beginning and he lived 140 years (Job 42:10, 17).5.St. Paul and Nietzsche (Paragraph 6) Saint Paul, also called Paul the Apostle, theApostle Paul or Paul of Tarsus was a Hellenistic Jew,who called himself the "Apostle to the Gentiles",and was, together with Saint Peter and James the Just,the most notable of early Christian missionaries. His efforts to accept gentile converts and to define the Torah as superseded by Christ were successful and “decisive.”Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist.He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science. Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism and postmodernism.6.Hegel (Paragraph 7) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) was a Germanphilosopher, and one of the creators of German idealism. Hegel developed a comprehensive philosophical framework, or "system", to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature, the subject and object of knowledge, and psychology, the state, history, art, religion, and philosophy.7.Sorbonne (Paragraph 7) The name Sorbonne (La Sorbonne) is commonly used torefer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions.8.Teilhard de Chardin (Paragraph 20) Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was a Frenchphilosopher and Jesuit priest who was trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of Peking Man. Teilhard's primary book, The Phenomenon of Man, set forth a sweeping account of the unfolding of the cosmos.9.Mother Teresa of Calcutta(Paragraph 20) Mother Teresa (1910-1997) was anAlbanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India in 1950. For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.Additional Notes1. I was in a state of galloping chutzpah. (Paragraph 2) I had such strong self-confidence that I was rash and rude without feeling ashamed of myself. Chutzpah is a noun (inf.) meaning shameless audacity, cheek.2. …when hubris rises, nemesis falls (Paragraph 3) … when one is arrogantly offensive, heavenly punishment befalls him. Nemesis is related to the Greek word meaning “to give what is due”. Nemesis is now often used as a term to describe one's worst enemy, normally someone or something that is the exact opposite of oneself but is also somehow similar.3. … cracked the ice of my self-noughting … (Paragraph 7) broke the confinement of my self-debasement and sense of inferiority…4. For there is no answer to anyone’s anguished cry of “Why am I here, why am I at all?” except the reply, “Because I am here, because I am.” (Paragraph 22) The implied meaning is that if anyone lacks confidence, doubts his own ability or he is reduced to despair, just fill him with sufficient confidence.Questions for Discussion1. Why does the author say that when hubris rises, nemesis falls?2. Why was Dr. Jacob Taubes considered the most brilliant and exciting teacher theauthor had ever met?3. What is the major difference between a bright show-off and a serious student?4. How does the author describe the way one feels when acknowledgement isgranted?5. Why is acknowledgement an art form?Key to Questions for Discussion1. When she was so confident, arrogant and even rude without feeling guilty, severaldisastrous events happened to her. Three members of her immediate family died, a friend she had much affection for died and her friends drifted apart from her.2. He displayed European academic wizardry, answered the questions raised by theauthor with intensity and challenged the author with intellectually vigorous questions and above all, he acknowledged the author when she most needed it.3. The former tends to display superficial learning to attract attention or satisfy hisvanity while the latter exerts himself to acquire new knowledge and explore the unknown areas.4. One is given time and place in the sunshine as the acknowledgement granted to himis the solar stimulus for transformation.5. It is based on deep psychological reciprocity and shows the skill of mutualtransformation.Memorable QuotesThe great aim of education is not knowledge but action.—Herbert SpencerMuch learning does not teach understanding.—HeraclitusHerbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era. He is best known for coining the concept "survival of the fittest", which he did in Principles of Biology(1864), after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. This term strongly suggests natural selection, yet as Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics.Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535-c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. Heraclitus is famous for his doctrine of change being central to the universe, as stated in his famous saying, “You cannot step twice into the same river.” He believed in the unity of opposites, stating that “the path up and down are one and the same,”existing things being characterized by pairs of contrary properties, and other explorations of the concept of dualism.Questions for Discussion:1)Do you think the university should teach students theoretical knowledge or somepractical information which will be useful in your future career?2)Is your understanding capability improved by absorbing more knowledge orexperiencing more in life?。

九年级unit12教案Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.教学内容：（section 1a----4c）教学⽬标：1.掌握⽤by the time和when引导时间状语从句的⽤法。

（语⾔⽬标)2. 掌握过去完成时时态，结构及⽤法。

（语⾔⽬标）3. 能掌握以下单词及短语：unexpected, by the time, backpack, oversleep, ring, give …a lift, （能⼒⽬标）4. 能学会合理安排⾃⼰的学习和⽣活，做到守时守信。

（情感⽬标）教学重难点1．重点：掌握过去完成时时态，结构及⽤法。

2. 难点: ⽤过去完成时叙述过去的事件。

⾃主学习：记住下列短语：1. 到... ...时候by the time2.充满be full of/be filled with3.出门get outside4.回到学校/返回家get/come back to school/get back home5.(闹钟)发出响声/（电灯）熄灭/（电）中断go off6.醒来wake up7.把某物遗忘在某处leave sth +介词短语8.⼀直做某事keep doing sth9.冲出门外rush out the door10.让某⼈搭便车；捎某⼈⼀程give sb a lift给某⼈帮个忙give sb a hand给某⼈打个电话give sb a ring给某⼈⼀个教训give sb a lesson给某⼈⼀个机会give sb a chance11.⾄少at least; ⾄多at most12.苹果派apple pie13.喂狗feed the dog14.青⾖green beans15.正要；正准备be about to do sthmake a decision to do sth18.盯着；凝视stare at19.不相信地in disbelief20.燃烧的⼤楼the burning building21.活着感到幸运feel lucky to be alive22.到达arrive in/at ;get to; reach23.跳下床jump out of bed24.⾃主⾃语/⼼想think to oneself25.等到第⼆天wait till/until the next day26.前⼀天the day before27.变成；转变turn into28.从......回来come back from......29.语⾔课language course30.出现；露⾯；赶到show up31.发现；查明find out32.有机会做某事get a chance/an opportunity to do sth/of doing sth33. 在... ...结束以前by the end of......语法：过去完成时⽤法：(1) 构成：由―助动词had (⽤于各种⼈称和数) + 过去分词‖构成否定式：had not + 过去分词过去的过去过去现在(2) ⽤法：过去完成时表⽰在过去某⼀时间或动作之前已经发⽣或完成了的动作。

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We LiveⅠ. Teaching Plan Objectives Students will be able to: 1. grasp the main idea ( tolerance for solitude and energy made it possible for the writer’s family to enjoy their pleasant but sometimes harsh country life); 2. appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentences followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices, etc.); 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4. conduct conduct a a series series of reading, of reading, listening, listening, speaking speaking and and writing writing activities activities related related to to the the theme theme of of the the unit. Pedagogical methodsPrinciples: stimulating, motivating, facilitating, enabling Task –based: reading, writing, discussing, practicing, commenting, criticizing, evaluating, recreating, recreating, investigating, investigating, searching searching for for resources, resources, case case studying, studying, presenting presenting and demonstrating, deducting, inducting, etc. Time allotment1st period 2nd period 3rd period 4th period 5th period Pre-reading; While-reading (4-Part division, Part I)While-reading (Parts I-III) While-reading; Post-reading (comparison & contrast) Post-reading; Check Check on on Ss’Ss’ home reading (T (Text B)ext B) Theme-Rel Theme-Related ated Language Learning T asks Pre-reading tasks1. T asks Ss the following questions on the song Out in the Country: (5 minutes)— What is the song about? (taking a break from city life, escaping from the crowd) — How is the song related to the theme of this unit? (The singer needs a break because the pace of life has quickened, the environment has been changed, and the old life style is gone.) 2. 1) Ss divide into three large groups, under each group smaller sub-groups may form. Each large group i s assigned one of the following discussion topics: — Why do so many migrant workers move from the country to the city? — Why do city people buy apartments or houses in the suburbs, even in the countryside? — Why are tours of Zhou Zhuang (周庄), Li Jiang (丽江) or any other old towns so popular? Why are tourists willing to pay to spend a day in a farmer’s house?2) After the discussion, speakers of some sub-groups report to class. 3) T may sum up like like this:this: People change their p laces of places of living because they l ook for things that look for things that their previous life i s unable to provide. However, once life has been changed, they miss the good old days. (20 minutes)3. Ss do Cloze B in after-text exercises to learn about Americans’ ideal of a country life. Then T leads in to the study of Text A. (10 minutes) While-reading tasks1. T tells Ss how to divide the text into four parts, and that they are to sum up the main idea of each part as they read along (see Text Organization Exercise 1). (2 minutes)2. Ss read the first sentences of Paras 1-3 and sum up the main idea of this part. (3 minutes)3. T explains language points in this part part and gives Ss practice (see and gives Ss practice (see Language Study ). (15 min-utes) 4. T explains language points in Part II and gives Ss practi ce (see Language Study ). (20 minutes)5. Ss re-read Part II and make a summary of each paragraph in it. T writes down their summaries on the blackboard. Then, based based on on paragraph paragraph summaries, Ss will summaries, Ss will c ome up with come up with a a summary summary of of Part Part II.II. (8 minutes)6. Ss read the first sentences of Paras 8—11 and sum up the main idea of this part. (3 minutes) 7. T explains the language points in this part and gives Ss practice (see Language S tudy ). (20 minutes) 8. T explains language points in Part IV and gives Ss practice (see Language Study ). (20 minutes) 9. Ss find out the two special qualities that make a country life possible. (2 minutes)Post-reading tasks1. 1) Ss work in pairs to finish Text Organization Exercise 2. Later some of them may report to class. 2) T guides Ss through W r iting Strategy. riting Strategy. 3) T urges Ss to use comparison and contrast more effectively in their own writing. (15 minutes) 2. 2. 1) T 1) T asks Ss to re-read Para 2 and analyze the relationship among its sentences (one topic sentence —“It’s a self -reliant sort of life.”— followed by three detail sentences). 2) Ss re-read the rest of the text to find similar patterns. Then they would report their findings to class (see T ext Analysis ). 3) T encourages Ss to model their own writing after this pattern. (15 minutes) 3. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (25 minutes)4. T checks on Ss’ home reading. (3 minutes)5. Ss do Part IV : Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period)6. T asks Ss to prepare for the next unit: (2 minutes)1) do the pre-reading task; 2) preview Text A . Ⅱ. Text Analysis The author writes his piece in a clear and logical way. In many instances he employs the pattern of “one topic sentence + several detail sentences” structure. It’s easy for readers to grasp the main idea, and it is also proven effective for learner writers like our students. Sometimes the the detail detail sentences run run parallel parallel to to each each other, other, like like those those in in Para Para 2. 2. In In some some other other paragraphs the detail sentences have their own hierarchy . Take Para 5 for example. The fi rst sentence tells how busy “I” am. The second sentence states that Sandy , the wife, is also busy. The final sentence i s a kind of summary summary——nobody can relax. Y e t following the second sentence there are a few more detail sentences showing et following the second sentence there are a few more detail sentences showing exactly how tight a schedule Sandy has. Take Paras 12-13 for an other example. The topi c sentence therein i s “I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities.” Then there are two sub -topic sentences:sentences: “One i “One is a tolerance for solitude”; “T he other requirement i s energy energy—a lot of it.” Each sub —a lot of it.” Each sub-topic sentence has its own supporting details. Sometimes Sometimes there there is no is no transitional transitional devices devices between between detail sentences, sometimes detail sentences, sometimes t here there are, are, the the most most frequently used one of which is time words or phrases. For example, the detail sentences in Para 4 begi n with “three months ago”, “three months from now”, “recently”, and “later thi s month”, respectively. To be sure, other conjunctions scatter the text, like “first”- “then” -”then” - “eventually” in Para 7.Ⅲ. Cultural Notes 1. the countryside: The countryside of Britain is well known for its beauty and many contrasts: its bare mountains mountains and and moorland, moorland, its its lakes, rivers lakes, rivers and woods, and and its its long, long, often wild often wild coastline. coastline. Many Many of of the the most beautiful areas are national parks and are protected from development. When British people think of farmland, as well as open spaces, they imagine cows or sheep in green fields enclosed by hedges or stone walls, and fields of wheat and barley . Many people associate the countryside wi th peace and relaxation. They spend their free ti me walking or cycling there, or go to the country for a pi cnic or a pub lunch. Only a few people who live in the country work on farms. Many commute to work in towns. Many others dream of living in the country , where they believe they would have a better and healthier lifestyle. America America has many has many areas of wild and beautiful scenery scenery, and there , and there a re are many areas, many areas, especially especially in in the the West West in states in states like like Montana and Montana and W yoming, where few people live. live. In In the the New New England England states, such as states, such as V ermont and New Hampshire, it i s common to see small farms surrounded by hills and green areas. In Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and other Midwestern states, fields of corn or wheat reach to the horizon and there are many miles between towns. Only about 20% of Ameri cans live outside cities and towns. Life may be diffi cult for people who live in the country . Services like hospitals and schools may be further away, and going shopping can mean driving long distances. Some people even have to drive from their homes to the main road where their mailis left in a box. In spite of the disadvantages, many people who live in the country say that they like the safe, clean, attractive environment. But their children often move to a town or city as soon as they can. As in Britain, Americans like to go out to the country at weekends. Some people go on camping or fishing trips, others go hiking in national parks. 2. Fahrenheit scale: a scale of temperature, first established by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1715. The uni t of temperature i s the degree Fahrenheit (°F), and 0°F was originally the coldest F was originally the coldest temperature Fahrenheit could achieve using a freezing mixture of salt and i ce. On hi s scale, water freezes at 32°32°F and boils at 212°F and boils at 212°F (under set atmospheric conditions). No longer used in scientific work, Fahrenheit temperatures still feature feature in in everyday everyday language; language; hot days hot days “in “in the the eighties”, for eighties”, for example. example. To convert To convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius (centigrade), subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.3. Celsius scale: a scale of of hotness, hotness, or or temperature, temperature, first first established established by by the the Swedish scientist Swedish scientist Anders Celsius (1701-1744) in 1742. On this scale, the unit of temperature i s the degree Celsius (°C); water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C (under agreed standard atmospheri c conditions), although when Celsius originally devised the scale he made 0° the boiling-point and 100° the freezing-point. The Cel sius scale was formerly commonly known known as as the the centigrade centigrade scale scale because because of of the the 100 100 divisions divisions between the the freezing- freezing- and boiling-points of water. To convert from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9/5 and add 32.4. Ivy League: e ight long-established colleges and universities in the United States wi eight long-established colleges and universities in the United States wi th prestigious academi academic c and and social social reputations. reputations. Members Members of of the the Ivy Ivy League League are are Brown Brown University University in in Providence, Providence, Rhode Rhode Island; Island; Columbia Columbia University University in in New New Y Y ork ork City; City; Cornell Cornell University University in Ithaca, in Ithaca, New New Y Y ork; Dartmouth College College in in Hanover, New Hampshire; Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia; Princeton University in Princeton, New New Jersey; Jersey; and Y ale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The members of the Ivy League compete in intercollegiate athleti cs. 5. Sports Illustrated: a a popular popular US sports US sports magazine magazine published published each week each week by Time Inc, Inc, part part of Time of Time W arner. It first appeared appeared in in 1954, 1954, and and is read mainly is read mainly b y men. The by men. The m agazine magazine also publishes also publishes the Sports Illustrated Sports Almanac every year.6. Individual Individual Retirement Account Retirement Account (IRA): a a US US government government plan plan that that allows allows people to people to put put part part of of thei thei r income into special bank accounts. No tax has to be paid on this money until they retire.7. Buying Insurance: P eople face many choices when buying insurance poliPeople face many choices when buying insurance poli cies. They commonly choose an insurance insurance provider provider based based on on several several criteria. criteria. Some Some of of the the most most important important of of these these include: include: 1) 1) the the financial financial stability of the insurance company stability of the insurance company, 2) the pri ce of policies, and 3) details of coverage and servi ce. Only a financially sound company can fulfill its promise to pay in all circumstances. Companies with proven records of stability can provide insurance security . Choi ce of a provider based solely on pri ce, on the the other other hand, may result hand, may result i n poor servi in poor servi ce ce and coverage, and coverage, even even if the if the provider provider adverti advertises comprehensive ses comprehensive coverage and high quality servi ce. Policy prices vary significantly among companies, but competition usually forces most companies’ companies’ pri prices ces into into a narrow a narrow range. The greater cost of some policies policies may pay may pay off off in in the the long long run run through through better better protection. protection. Thus, Thus, a a detailed detailed examination examination of of coverage coverage in in policies policies provided provided by by di di fferent, well-regarded companies can h elp consumers make the help consumers make the best choi c e ce based on based on the risks they they face, face, theitheir r needs, and their finances. People seeking to buy insurance often use the servi ces of an insurance agent or broker to assist in their purchase. Most insurance falls into four main categories, according to what it covers: 1) property and casualty , 2) life, 3) health and disability, and 4) old-age and unemployment. Insurers commonly refer to insurance purchased by individual individuals s as as personal personal lines coverage and and to to insurance purchased by businesses as commercial coverage. Ⅳ. Language Study 1. 1. get get by:by: be be good good enough enough but but not not very very good; good; manage manage to to live live or or do do things things in in a a satisfactory satisfactory way way Examples: My parents managed to get by on a small amount of money. It is a little bit difficult for the old couple to get by on such a small pension.We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we’ll need a couple more when the new staff members arrive. 2. ... when when it it was was 30 30 below: below: Here Here the the Celsius Celsius scale scale is is used used instead instead of of the the Fahrenheit Fahrenheit scale, scale, (see (see Cultural Notes )3. haul: 1) transport, as with a truck, cart, etc.Examples: The farmers haul vegetables to the market on a truck every morning. The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages. 2) pull or drag sth. with effort or force Examples: A crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream. Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train. 4. 4. improvement: improvement: the act or an instance of improving or being improved Examples: Internet Internet service service providers providers should should develop security improvement services services for for their customers. The government’s priorities will go to local transport improvement projects. The improvement in the job market in the past few years has been remarkable. 5. 5. supplement: supplement: add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) Examples: Peter does occasional freelance work to supplement his income. The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A.6. 6. indoor: indoor: situated or used inside a building Examples: Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside. Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant. The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the world’s largest indooramusement park. 7. 7. spray: spray: force out liquid in small drops upon (followed by with) Examples: I’ll have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly. A car went past and sprayed me with water. 8. 8. pursue: pursue: follow Examples: After After graduation graduation Martin Martin chose chose to to pursue pursue the the same career same career as as his father his father as as a a minister. minister. College students are advised to pursue a wide range of subjects. Public evening classes allow people to earn a living during the day and pursue voca-tional and intellectual interests in their spare time. 9. 9. stack:stack: make into a pile Examples: Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretakers began stacking the chairs. Before Before being being processed processed into into lumber, lumber, the the wood wood must must be carefully be carefully stacked stacked to to prevent prevent warping. 10. wicked: e vil or bad evil or bad Examples: I would rather starve in a ditch than accept the fortune upon such wicked terms. We are all born good, but can be taught to be wicked. 11. get through: come successfully to the end Examples: The The local local government government has has taken taken some some measures measures to to ensure ensure that that all all the the people people will will get get through the winter. She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college.12. at that point: at that very moment, right then Examples: The train was now only a couple of yards from the kids on the track. At that very point, Anthony threw himself forward and pulled them clear . The man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all TV cameras were pointed at him. 13. on balance: with all things considered Examples: I think, on balance, I didn’t treat you unfairly.On balan ce, it’s probably not advisable to change the company’s name.14. illustrate: p rovide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. provide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. Examples: Let me use another example to illustrate this difficult point. The editor has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs. 15. I’m not making anywhere near as much money as I did ...: Iam not earning as much money as I did ...16. generate: bring into existence, produceExamples: The widespread use of Spanish in some American cities has generated a public debate over language use in the country. Space Space technology technology has has generated generated thousands thousands of of products products for for everyday everyday use use such such as as lightweight materials used in running shoes. 17. insurance: a guarantee that you will receive money if something is lost or damaged, or have repairs a guarantee that you will receive money if something is lost or damaged, or have repairs paid for, by a financial company in return for regular payments you make to them Examples: Many nations have some form of compulsory unemployment insurance. People People regularly regularly buy buy insurance insurance to to reduce reduce uncertainty uncertainty and and to to protect protect themselves themselves from from future disasters. 18. pick up: be ready to pay Examples: If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. Taxpayers will be picking up the tab for the improved public transport network. 19. minor: l esser or smaller in amount or importance, etc. lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc. Examples: The Ford Company made only minor changes to the Model T for nearly two decades. They only encountered minor problems in their first space flight. 20. premium: a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy Examples: The The employers employers make the make the employees employees pay pay for for a a large large portion portion of of their their health health insurance insurance premium. Some Some people people are are complaining complaining that that car car insurance insurance premiums premiums have have increased increased too too much much this year. 21. aside from: except for; in addition to (more usual in American English; same as apart from) Examples: Aside from an occasional game of tennis, he doesn’t take any exercise.This essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes. They were going to have other expenses, aside from the school fees. 22. cut back: r educe in size or amount (used in the patterns: reduce in size or amount (used in the patterns: cut back sth.; cut back on sth.) Examples: There is a growing movement to cut back the government’s role in agriculture and to reduce subsidies paid to farmers. The government has cut back on defense spending. 23. lower: m ake or become smaller in amount, degree, etc. make or become smaller in amount, degree, etc. Examples: Increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can lower your risk of getting some types of cancer. Governments may raise or lower taxes to achieve social and economic objectives. 24. dine out: eat a meal away from home (usu. in a restaurant) Examples: With the improvement of living standards, more people dine out at weekends. It’s my daughter’s birthday today, so we’re dining out tonight.25. patronize: g o to as a customer go to as a customer Examples: When he was a student, Sterling often patronized the little restaurant near the school. They no longer patronize the local department store because of its poor service. 26. Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments.: We no longer have extravagant Christmases, and when a magazine sends me some where to write an article, I will take my family along. By doing so, we can save some money.27. suspect: believe to be true, likely or probable; feel doubt about (used in the patterns: suspect sb./ sth. of sth.; suspect that)Examples: China banned cosmetics suspected of containing substances that cause mad cow disease. It It was was perfectly perfectly all all right, right, Henry Henry said, said, because because the the police police had had not not suspected suspected him him of of anything. Scientists realized that that Mars’ Mars’ evolution evolution had had been been more complex more complex and fascinating than they had suspected. 28. budget: any any plan plan that that a a person, person, organization organization or or government government has has that that shows shows how how they will they will raise money and how they will spend the money they have Examples: The The personal personal or or family family budget budget is is a a financial financial plan plan that that helps helps individuals individuals to to balance balance income and expenses. The The General General Assembly Assembly has has exclusive exclusive authority authority to set to set the the UN UN budget, budget, paid paid for for by by all all members according to an agreed quota. 29. requirement: sth. needed or asked for Examples’. Patience is definitely a requirement for a career in teaching. Many Many schools schools have have tightened tightened their their requirements, requirements, and and test test scores scores for for admission admission have have been rising. 30. scale: a relative level or degree (usu. used in the phrase a relative level or degree (usu. used in the phrase on a... scale)Examples: After the Selma protest Martin Luther King continued to organize protests but not any on such a grand scale. e W e tested tested our our new new teaching teaching methods methods on on a small a small scale. scale. Indeed Indeed only only six classes were six classes were involved in it. 31. resist: keep from giving in to or enjoying (used in the patterns: resist sth.; resist doing sth.) Examples: We couldn’t resist laughing at him in those funny clothes.Keep me away from the duty-free shop. Y ou know I can’t resist expensive per fumes. 32. temptation: the feeling of being tempted to do sth. that you know might be wrong or harmful; the thing you want to have ( uncount or count) Examples: The kids can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s.In my view students should resist the temptation to take part-time jobs in their first two years at college. 33. device: a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose Examples: For consumers without access to PCs, intelligent set-top devices will be their guide to digital photography. They suspected that an explosive device had been left somewhere inside the building. The rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in the coalmine.an advantageous gain or return 34. profit: a n advantageous gain or return ture. Examples: The tax is likely to hit his company’s profits by up to 3 per cent in fuHe makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies. gain a a financial financial return return (used in the patterns: invest the patterns: (used in order to commit (money 35. invest: commit to gain (money or capital) or capital) in in order money; invest money in sth.; invest in sth.)Examples: We have invested most of the money in shares in British companies. When people buy houses they’re investing a lot of money. My parents intend to invest in stocks and bonds. mainly 36. primarily: m ainly Examples: We are primarily concerned with improving our working conditions. Men can usually run faster than women, primarily because they have greater muscular strength. 。

Unit 14 HomelessTeaching PointsBy the end of this unit, students are supposed to1)grasp the author’s purpose of writing and make clear the structure of the wholepassage through an intensive reading of Text I Our Schedules, Our Selves.2)comprehend the topic sentences in Text I thoroughly and be able to paraphrasethem.3)get a list of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation andwriting.Topics for discussionCultural Background●The theme of “home” is sentimental, and most writers and poets have some worksrelated to “home”, and Emily Dickinson, the famous American poet, is one of them.●She has been “locked” at her house for almost a whole life, yet a sense of“homelessness” can be felt from most of her poems. It does not mean material house shortage, but the feeling of isolation.Homeby Emily DickinsonYears I had been from home,And now, before the doorI dared not open, lest a faceI never saw beforeStare vacant into mineAnd ask my business there.My business, — just a life I left,Was such still dwelling there?I fumbled at my nerve,I scanned the windows near;The silence like an ocean rolled,And broke against my ear.I laughed a wooden laughThat I could fear a door,Who danger and the dead had faced,But never quaked before.I fitted to the latch,My hand, with trembling care,Lest back the awful door should spring,And leave me standing there.I moved my fingers offAs cautiously as glass,And held my ears, and like a thiefFled gasping from the house.Text IHomelessAnna QuindlenGlobal ReadingI. Text AnalysisModern life is progressing on an accelerating pace and the majority of modern people are losing more and more control of their own lives. This makes them the victims of endless anxiety. Yet they do not know the cause of all this, nor can they find anysolution to it. The author of this essay wants to find the cause of this problem and she focuses her attention on home. By the word “homeless”, we generally mean the state of not having a material house. Yet, through her investigation and observation, the writer adds new meaning to this word which reveals a worse problem suffered by many people living in modern society, even if they do have a house. The problem is the loss of the traditional conception of home and traditional family values in people’s mind. With the development of modern life, the concept of home has gradually lost its connotation of permanence and stability. People living in a house have no sense of belonging and pride of ownership at all. The writer points out the faults of society in dealing with this problem, which is turning the problem into an issue while ignoring people’s delicate feelings. If society does not take the problem seriously, all modern people would become homeless in this way or that.II. Structural AnalysisIn terms of organization, the article clearly falls into three main parts:The first part (Paragraphs 1-3) starts with a specific example and then naturally moves on to the discussion of the topic.The second part (Paragraphs 4-7) gives a definition of home and points out the symptoms of the problem concerning home in modern society.The third part (Paragraphs 8-9) is also the ending of the writing, the writer talks about the fault of society in dealing with the problem of homelessness and calls on people to look at the problem from a microcosmic perspective.III. Rhetorical DevicesThe Rhetorical device used in the text is a kind of loose structure A general statement is followed by some specific details, which serve as a minor adjustment of the statement so as to make it more exact, or as supporting evidence, or as a further explanation.e.g. “She had a house, or at least once upon a time had had one.” (Paragraph 2)“That was the crux of it; not size or location, but pride of ownership.” (Paragraph 7)“We turn an adjective into a noun: the poor, not poor people; the homeless, not Ann or the man who lives in the box or the woman who sleeps on the subway grate.”(Paragraph 8)Detailed ReadingQuestions1.What is the writer’s emphasis in her definition of “home”? (Paragraph 3)She is not merely talking about shelter from the elements, but what would provide people living in it with certainty, stability, predictability and privacy.2. What is the writer’s method in inve stigating this problem? (Paragraphs 1-3)The writer’s method is a microcosmic one which focuses on specific people and their detailed feelings.3. What is the author’s definition of home? (Paragraphs 4)In defining home, the writer considers both the material and the emotional elements. In her definition, home is not only a shelter, but a place of certainty, stability, predictability and privacy for all the members of the family.4. What is the problem concerning home in modern society? (Paragraph 5)In modern society, people do not live in one place all their life, so the word home has lost its connotation of permanence and stability. People do not own the place they live, so they have no sense of belonging and pride of ownership about such a home.5. What does the author think is the fault of society in dealing with the problem ofhomelessness? (Paragraph 8)Society turns the problem into an issue, taking people’s pain and lessening its own participation in it. By doing so, society will not be able to solve the problem from its origin.6. What is the perspective suggested by the writer in solving the problem? (Paragraph 9) The writer suggests people forget about the broad strokes and concentrate on the details. This would bring people back to the essence of the problem and enable them to have real sympathy towards those people who have no home.Text IIThe Ideal of the Family vs. the Ideal of Personal IndividualismLin YutangLead-in QuestionsWhat do you think the role of family in people’s life and also, what is you feeling in playing multiple roles in the family?Main ideaNotes1. About the author and the text: Lin Yutang (October 10, 1895- March 26, 1976) wasa Chinese writer and inventor. His informal but polished style in both Chinese and English made him one of the most influential writers of his generation, and his compilations and translations of classic Chinese texts into English were bestsellers in the West.The text is the second half of Part Four “The Chinese Family Ideal” of Chapter Eight “The Enjoyment of the Home” from The Importance of Living by Lin Yutang. “The Ideal of the Family vs the Ideal of Personal Individualism” is not the original title of the text selected here, but given chiefly based on its contents, which is to a large degree a technical necessity.2. dead set against (Para. 1) totally opposed to someone or something, e.g. I’m dead set against the new tax proposal.3. The benefits of one’s becoming a chuangyuan (“No. 1” in the Imperial examinations), or even a third-class chinshih (Para. 3) chuangyuan 状元；chinshih进士4. patriarch (Para. 4) Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a composition of πατήρ(pater) meaning “father” and aρχων(archon) meaning “leader”, “chief”, “ruler”, “king”, etc.5. Having sons, I am content with life;Without office, my body is light. (Para. 6)These lines are from a poem by Su Dongpo, a highly reputed poet in the Song Dynasty. The Chinese version goes: 有子万事足，无官一身轻.6. tach’ing (Para. 8) 达情Additional notes1. The old shall be made to live in peace and security, the young shall learn to love and be loyal, that inside the chamber there may be no unmarried maids, and outside the chamber there may be no unmarried males. (Para. 8) This is a blending of Confucian ideas: “the old shall be made to live in peace and security, the young shall learn to love and be loyal”, or 老者安之，少者怀之in the Chinese version, which comes from his Analects, a book of dialogues between Confucius and his students. The other part, “that inside the chamber there may be no unmarried maids, and outside the chamber there may be no unmarried males”, or 内无怨女，外无旷夫in the Chinese version, is from Mengzi, or Mencius.2. This is the humanist philosophy known as tach’ing, or “fulfillment of instincts”. (Para. 8) tach’ing, or 达情in the original Chinese, is a Confucian idea, although it is not an expression by Confucius per se. It is an ideal of a philosopher in the Qing Dynasty about the government: 善治必达情，达情必近人, meaning that one who governs best must understand the feeling or instincts of the people, and to understand the feeling or instincts of the people, he must get closer to them.Questions for Discussion1. What is the family if we see a man in terms of his biological relationships?2. What might be the only form of team spirit or group consciousness in ourChinese life?3. How could one see the greatest variety in the family life?4. How does Confucius conceive family life?Key to Questions for Discussion1. In terms of his biological relationship, a man is a son, or a father or a brother. Thus the family may well be deemed as the natural biological unit of human existence.2. The sense of family consciousness and family honor is probably the only form of team spirit or group consciousness in our Chinese life. So everyone is supposed to be loyal to the family and endeavor to add credit to the family, and any misdeeds which might incur shame upon the family are severely condemned.3. One’s life cycle includes childhood, youth, maturity and old age. Accordingly, one is taken care of by others in the early stage; one takes care of others in the middle stage and one is taken care of by others again in the last stage so far as the family life is concerned.4. Confucius conceives the family life as curiously biological as he says, “The old shall be made to live in peace and security; the young shall learn to love and be loyal, that inside the chamber there may be no unmarried maids, and outside the chamber there may be no unmarried males.”Memorable QuotesHome is where the heart is.—Pliny’Mid pleasures and palaces through we may roam,Be it ever so humble, there’s no place like Home.—J. Howard PayneA Pliny the Elder (23 AD-August 25, 79 AD), was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian.John Howard Payne (1791-1852) was an American actor, poet, playwright, and author who had most of his theatrical career and success in London. He is today most remembered as the creator of “Home! Sweet Home!”, a song he wrote in 1822 that became widely popular in the United States, Great Britain, and the English-speaking world.Questions for Discussion1.If you are pursuing your study in a place outside your hometown, what is your feelingabout home now. Is it different from that when you are staying at your hometown everyday?2.Make comments on “There’s no place like Home.”.。

Unit 12 Education (简案)Teachingaims:Goals:TalkabouteducationinchinaandothercountriesTalkaboutstudymethodandlearningskillsPractisemakingcomparisonsIntegrativelanguagepracticewriteareportSpecialfocus:ImprovereadingskillsandEnlargevocabulary.DirectSstoreadthe3passagesonthetextbook; GuideSstolearntousethefollowingwordsandexpressions:Expectation,calculate,analyse,resultin,unwilling,li vingstandards,acquire,dropout,compulsory,tendency,s keptical,commitment,etc.c.Improvetheabilitiesofusinglanguagebyintegrativela nguagepractice.Period1ReadingEducationforallStep1.warmingupTask1.Enablethestudentstodiscussthequestionsonp93.Step2.ScanningTask2.Getthestudentstocomprehendthepassagequicklyan daccurately,andmeanwhilehelpthemtoformagoodhabitofr eading.Trytofindoutthemainideaofthepassage.Thepassagemakesitclearthat“Educationforall”isessentialforthedevelopmentofacountry.Theparagraph smostlydealwithmeasuresthatshouldbetakentoachieveth etarget.Step3.while-reading:PassageAnalyzing:Exercise1onp104Step4.Post-readingLookthroughthepassageonceagainandfinishthechartbelo w:methodscountriesDistancelearningAustralia,china,theUSAmixed-gradeclassesTheTurksandcaicosIslands,partsoft heremotecentralandwesternregionsinchina,Lesothomoneyfrominternationalorganizationschina,thedevelop ingcountriesmoneyfromlocalorganizationschina,thedevelopingcount riesTask3:whatarethewritingtechniquesofthispassage?Numbersanddatesareusedtomakethepointofviewmoreaccep table.Inordertoletmorepeopletaketheadvice,examplesareprov ided,youmayfindtheminParagraphD.Step5HomeworkFinishalltheexercisesonLanguagePracticeonp105-106.Period2.IntegratingReadingSkillsHowweLearnStep1.RevisionchecktheSshowfurthertheyunderstandeducation.checkthehomework.Step2.Scanthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions:Howmanydifferentkindsoflearningstylesarethere?Andwh atarethey?whyisitnecessaryforthestudenttoknowhisorherownlearn ingstyle?Giveadefinitionforeachlearningstyle.Step3.Readthepassageagainandcheckwhichstudytipsgive nonp107-108arebestsuitedforthethreedifferenttypesof learnersdescribedinthepassage.SuggestedAnswers:Learningthroughseeing:Studyinaquietplacewhereyoucannothearotherpeopletalk ing.Takepartinclassdiscussionsanddebates.Drawcharts,graphs,diagrams,flowchartsorpicturestoor ganizeinformationwhentakingnotes.writeaboutthethingsyouhavetolearn.IfpossibleuseacomputerandDVDstohelpyoustudy.concentrateonsimilaritiesanddifferencesyoucanobserv e.Learningthroughlistening:Rememberingthingswillbeeasierifyouputthewordstomusi candmakealittle“memorysong”.makepresentationstoclassmatesordiscussideaswithyour classmates.Listentoandrememberfunnystoriesandbackgroundinforma tion.Learningthroughdoing:createmaps.Buildmodelsordrawanddesignthings.Putpostersandphotosaroundyourdeskandhaveastresstoyt oplaywithasyouwork.Takepartinartprojects.organizeastudyscheduletoincludefrequentbreaks.Readwhiledoingexercises.Step4.Extensivereading:Thepassagegivenbelowisaboutlanguagestudy.youcanlear nfromthepassageandimproveyourlanguage.HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?“Learningalanguageiseasy.Evenachildcandoit!”mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagre ewiththisstatement.Forthen,learningalanguageisavery difficulttask.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandprac tice,andeventhiswillnotguaranteesuccessforeveryadul tlanguagelearner.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning .Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulinthei rfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.S imilarly,somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearners finditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.Languageteachersoftenofferadvicetolanguagelearners:“Readasmuchasyoucaninthenewlanguage.”“Practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.”“Livewithpeoplewhospeakthelanguage”“Don’ttranslate —trytothinkinthenewlanguage”“Learnasachildwouldlearn;playwiththelanguage”Butwhatdoesasuccessfullanguagelearnerdo?Languagelea rningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersare similarinmanyways.Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependent learners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacherandthe ydiscovertheirownwaystolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwa itingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepattern sandtherulesbythemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholook forcluesandformtheirownconclusions.whentheyguesswro ng,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefor e,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelang uage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhenthe ymakemistakes.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.They arenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangething s;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.whencommu nicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationwhichis inexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearn tothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally,successful languagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttol earnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguag eandpeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthe languageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolea rnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguage regularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessful languagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindepend ently,actively,andpurposefully.ohtheotherhand,ifyou rlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmight dowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.Successfullanguagelearnersusuallyhavethefollowingtechniquesexcept_________.TolearnindependentlyTolearnactivelyTolearndiligentlyTolearnpurposefullyAsuccessfullanguagelearnerwillnot_____________’makeoutthemeaningofanewword.makeanymistakes.waitforopportunitiestopractice.AcceptinexactandincompleteinformationAccordingtolanguageteachers,it’sadvisableto________.UsethelanguageasmuchaspossibleDomoretranslationwhilespeakingorwritingBechildishinlearningPlaywhilelearning.Ifyouareactiveinlearningalanguage,youwill________.A .Trytoknowthemeaningofeverynewword.B.Becarefulnottomakeanymistakesc.correctyourownmistakesasoftenaspossibleD.Tryallmeanstotalkinthelanguage5.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.IntelligentpeoplecanlearnEnglishbetter.B.mostsuccessfullanguagelearnersactthesameway.c.Alotoftimeandeffortssurelyleadtosuccessfullearnin g.D.Itisimpossibleforsuccessfullanguagelearnerstosucc eedinotherfields.SuggestedAnswers:cBcDBPeriod3.IntegratingReadingandwritingSkills3Passagesonp227-230Step1.warmming-upDotheoralpraticeonp101-102,andenablethestudentstopr actisemakingcomparisons.Step2.ReadingTask:Readthe3passageandfinishtheexercises.Ifpossibl e,guidethestudentstoanalyzesomelongandcomplexsenten ces.Step3.GuidedwritingGiveSs20minutestofinishthewritingassignmentonp240,ThenaskSstoscoretheirworkaccordingtothefollowingcha rt.3pluses&1wishName_______Title_____________________Date__________ _____+__________________________________________________ _______+__________________________________________________ _______+__________________________________________________ _______?______________________________________________ ___________Note:Howtousethischarteffectively?Askthestudenttoreadhis/herdeskmate’swritingcarefully,andthenfind3valuablethingsandgive 1suggestion.Andthenfeedthemessageback.Next,asktheSs tocorrecttheirworkaccordingtothechart.Period4:Step1.Analyzesomelongsentences:Dealwithsomelanguagepointsanddifficultpointsifneces sary.Ifpossible,guidethestudentstoanalyzesomelongan dcomplexsentences.Thefollowingsentencesinthisunitar everyimportant:Itisreportedthat99%ofschool-agechildreninchinaatten dedprimaryschoolbyXX.P103Inchina,asinothercountries,thegovernmentrealizestha tthefuturewelfareofitscitizensiscloselylinkedtoeduc ation.P103Inareaswhereagricultureplaysanimportantrole,peopled onotattachimportancetoeducation,andparentsareskepti calofanythingthattakechildrenawayfromtheirworkonfarm.P103Insomeculturesparentsareparticularlyunwillingtosend theirdaughterstoschoolbecausethecustomistoeducatebo ysratherthangirls.P103Tosolvethis,Australiauses“distancelearning”methods,wherethestudentshavelessonsbytwo-wayradioan dmail.P103Inthesecountries,wheresomepeopledonotevenhavefreshw aterorbasichealthcare,reachingthetargetof “EducationforAll”willbeahugetask,despitehelpfromtheinternationalcomm unity.P104Step2.Testingyourskillsonp234-235Step3clozeTestonp238-239Step4.TranslatingonP239-240附录：词汇warmingup.aheavyworkload繁重的工作压力2.toreducetheworkload减轻压力3.tomeetparents’expectations满足父母的期望4.bestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth在…方面严格5.toraiseacademicstandards提高学术水平6.underhighpressure在高压下Reading.introducealaw出台一部法律2.nineyearsofcompulsoryeducation九年义务教育3.reachatarget达到目标4.belinkedto与……连接（相关）的5.attheforum在论坛上（attheexhibition）6.theUnitedNationsEducational,Scientificandcultural organization联合国教科文组织7.makeacommitment承诺，保证，承担8.tobeginwith首先；第一点（理由）;起初9.createapositiveattitude有积极的态度0.attachimportancetoeducation重视教育1.dropout辍学，掉队，退出2.bescepticalof对……抱着怀疑的态度3.haveatendencyto趋向于….=tendto4.ratherthan胜于，而不是5.takein接收，收容;接受,接待,吸收,理解,包括,轻信,注意到,欺骗6.resultin=cause导致，产生某种作用或结果resultfrom=becausedby由。