语言学练习(六)
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Exercises of Linguistics Chapter Six
I. Multiple choices (3*15=45’)
1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning ______ is
taken into consideration.
A. reference B. speech act C. usage D. context
2. Speech act theory was proposed by ______.
A. Noam Chomsky B. John Austin C. John Searle D. Geoffrey Leech
3. A(n) ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or
the change brought about by the utterance.
A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. elocutionary
4. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is to______.
A. try to get the hearer to do something
B. express feelings or attitudes towards an existing state
C. bring about immediate changes by saying something
D. state or describe, say what the speaker believes to be true
5. ______ is advanced by Paul Grice.
A. Cooperative Principle B. Politeness Principle C. Face Theory D. Speech Act Theory
6. The utterance We are already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week obviously violates the maxim of
______.
A. quantity B. quality C. relevance D. manner
7. A: Where’ve you been? B. Out. In this dialogue between A and B, the maxim of ______ is flouted.
A. quantity B. quality C. relevance D. manner
8. A: You speak beautiful English. B: No, no, no. My English is still very poor. In the dialogue between A and B,
______ failure occurs.
A. semantic B. pragmalinguistic C. sociopragmatic D. intralingual
9. Which theory was proposed to explain why people often flout the maxims of Cooperative Principle?
A. principle of least effort B. Economy Principle C. Relevance Theory D. Face Theory
10. “I am sorry to interrupt you, but would you give me a hand?” The speaker of this sentence threatens the
______ face of the hearer.
A. polite B. negative C. positive D. impolite
11. Which of the following sentences is NOT a performative?
A. I promise I will come. B. I bet you ten bucks the plan will work.
C. I am in my middle thirties. D. I name the dog Xiaowang.
12. Which is NOT right about context?
A. It is constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
B. It is first noted by British linguist John Firth in 1920s.
C. It determines the speaker’s use of language and the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him.
D. It linguistic communication would not be possible without context.
13. Which is WRONG about the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning?
A. Sentence meaning is abstract while utterance meaning is concrete.
B. Sentence meaning is de-contextualized while utterance meaning is context-dependent.
C. The utterance meaning is based upon sentence meaning. D. All the utterances can be restored to grammatically complete sentences.
14. ______ implicature is based on the meaning of certain words in the language.
A. Conventional B. Non-conventional C. Conversational D. Particularized
15. According to John Searle, speech acts fall into ______ general categories.
A. four B. five C. six D. seven
II. True or false (T for true and F for false 2*10=20’)
16. According to Austin, constatives either state or describe, and were thus not verifiable. ( )
17. Utterances are usually taken as examples in predication analysis. ( )
18. Anyway, women are women is an example of violating the maxim of quality. ( )
19. The Face Theory was advanced by Brown and Wilson. ( )
20. A n illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. ( )
21. When a question is used not to ask for information, but to ask the hearer to do things, it is indirect. ( )
22. Asking an American questions about his age and his income would be a case of pragmalinguistic failure. ( )
23. Language should be studied as a self-contained, intrinsic system. ( )
24. Context may account for different interpretation of an utterance. ( )
25. The contextualist view is considered to be the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. ( )
II. Do you think speaker B is cooperative in the following conversation? Support your argument with
Cooperative Principle. (15’*1=15”)
A. When is the bus coming? B. There has been an accident further up the road.
IV. What do you know about Cooperative Principle? Explain with examples. (20’*1=20’)
