2020上海嘉定高三英语一模试卷

2024届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankSeeing Math on the PageMath and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder 1 the beauty of math can be found in literary works. Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections between Mathematics and Literature, a book published recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart, 2 (present) some interesting thoughts about "three". She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.‘Three’ is the minimum number 3 a two-dimensional shape can be defined. For example, three sticks can create a triangle, a stable structure. Many common phrases are in three words, such as “ready, set, go”. Being the first things kids may learn, some nursery rhymes have a word 4 (repeat) three times, such as “row, row, row your boat”. In stories, there are usually three main characters, such as Harry, Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series. For a series of novels, there are usually three books 5 four, according to Hart.Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers, thus 6 (win) the princess? “The reason for this,” Hart explains, “ is obvious. We require two repetitions to get to know the pattern, 7 the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us.”Similarly, another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling. They analyzed more than 1, 300 fiction books and arranged for 10, 000 words from the books 8 (rate) by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9. Then the ratings 9 (categorize) into different graphs, which showed how the readers' emotions changed while reading. It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs, a mathematical pattern.“The idea that one would 10 choose between mathematics and literatureis something of a tragedy, ”Hart says, “The two fields are fundamentally linked”.二、选词填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theFarm of the Future in the Sky Five storeys off the ground at Colorado State University, a highly unlikely garden grows under a long row of rooftop solar panels. It's late November at 9 am, when the temperature is-2℃ and the wind is cutting. Not long before my arrival,cool-season foods like leafy greens still grow, 12 from the intense sunlight up there. This is no ordinary green roof, but an expansive and 13 outdoor laboratory. The idea behind it is explained by Jennifer Bousselot, the director of the rooftop farm. Solar panels tend to get too hot on conventional roof tops, and that heat reduces their efficiency while plants help cool them off. “If you have plants under there, ” Bousselot said, “they create ideal 14 for solar panels to operate. Also, the shade of the panels encourages the growth of plants. A win-win solution. ”Therefore, the overall goal of the rooftop farm is to grow more food for 15 urban populations while generating clean energy and making buildings more energy efficient. Without the sun beating down 16 on a bare roof, green roofs boost a building's energy efficiency by about 10 percent. That is, you don't need to run as much air-conditioning to 17 cool the place during a heat wave. This innovative approach can also maximize land use, making urban spaces not just consumers of resources, but also active18 to both energy and agricultural production.However, being 19 on a rooftop comes with more challenges than a typical farming site. The wind loads on a roof make it challenging to install a tracking system and irrigation (灌溉) is also trickier. The expenses are substantially increased due to higher20 costs and the difficulties of moving and installing all the sensors and materials high in the air.It is obviously early days for rooftop farms, but some effects were already evident. Instead of being big, dead spaces, roofs may act as booming ecosystems.三、完形填空“So …tell me about yourself. ”The toughest job interview question may seem like a softball from the interviewer’s perspective: It seems 21 because it feels like a free pass: no request for real-life examples, no technical challenge, not even the feared “What’s your biggest fault? ”Just…tell me anything.Receiving such an open invitation invites more 22 than opportunities, because you’re given no framework for your response —just a blank, clue-free paper. I often see this 23 situation in my point-making workshops: communicating without a point.What your prospective employer most needs from you is a point (“I am an important asset (资产) to the company”), not a 24 (“All about me”). But how do you get from the interviewer’s broad question to a specific and 25 point?Start with realizing that your interviewer already knows your job history thanks to your resume (简历). So you should be more than your 26 . Remember that interviews are more about making strong 27 than proving qualifications. This is a two-step process that will require some homework. First, identify what the organization specifically needs from this role. Second, 28 your response to position yourself as the best person to fill that need.Identifying the organization’s need means examining the job description like a treasure map. Phrases like “required, ”“must have, ”and “highly desired” mean what they say, so29 those in your planning. Items further down the list or labeled “preferred” may be less important, even if you meet those standards. The 30 of a job description can be telling as well. Descriptions that sound personal, or come right out and say “sense of humor preferred” indicate a workplace where people like to have fun. 31 , a very formal job posting might indicate a conservative workplace where people are expected to be serious about the work.Pulling from these soures, write down the three personal qualities they’re most looking for like “self-starter, ” “team player, ”or “interest in healthcare”. Now change the 32slightly to “I’m a self-starter” or “At work, my approach is ... ” Then pick a story from your professional life that 33 you filling that particular need of the job. Feel free to add details, but don’t 34 the primary elements. Assume they can smell a lie from a mile away, whether they can or can’t.In this way, you should do more than just widen eyes in the room. Why? Because you’ve matched who you are and your personal story with the company’s brand and primary need. You didn’t just tell them about you;you pointed out why you 35 to them. 21．A．hard B．easy C．huge D．small 22．A．missions B．joys C．comments D．risks 23．A．unlikely B．favourable.C．problematic D．competent 24．A．book report B．phone call C．desk lamp D．lunch break 25．A．declared B．tailored.C．rejected D．assessed 26．A．profile B．criterion C．dimension D．nickname 27．A．transitions B．judgments C．matches D．distributions 28．A．stabilize B．customize C．memorize D．authorize 29．A．diversify B．approve C．delete D．highlight 30．A．tone B．format C．picture D．length 31．A．For instance B．By contrast C．After all D．In addition 32．A．blogging B．networking C．messaging D．wording 33．A．illustrates B．suspends C．dismisses D．circulates 34．A．make up B．put off C．break down D．get through 35．A．submitted B．extended C．mattered D．shifted四、阅读选择To us, the kitchen was a mysterious place. Our kitchen at home was so simple: an old Sparks oven, a refrigerator, a sink, and a table. At the New Eastern, it was a busy factory. Almost an entire wall was taken up by a line of huge black woks (锅). This was my father’s stage. He strode (大步走) the length of the four woks, each one fired up by gas flames underneath. Beneath him, blocks of wood, raised off the ground an inch or two, served to give his legs and feet some spring.The sink was the size of a bathtub (浴); the refrigerator had glass doors and stretched threetimes as wide as the one at home. Every appliance was bigger, and there were things we never saw anywhere else, like the big metal oven in which my father hung long poles holding large pieces of pork. We could hear the fire roaring from the bottom of it. My dad would go about his business, and then, always at exactly the right time, he’d wander over, lift off the top, and take out several poles of barbecued pork—bright red, with black at the tips. If I happened by at that magical moment, I’d stop. “Yeet-gow!” I’d say. And he’d skillfully chop off a piece of the juicy, sweet meat. “One dollar!” he’d shout, and then hand it over.My father made the best food in town. There was nothing he wouldn’t try. He was once proud of a rock candy he invented and determined to sell at the front counter of the New Eastern. We, of course, served as his guinea pigs—we couldn’t bring ourselves to tell him the sad truth: The candy was so hard that it was uneatable. I rolled a piece around my mouth. “Tastes good, Ba-Ba, ”I said. Then, when he looked away, I spat it out.Sometimes, he liked to invent stories to us. Watching my little sister Shirley biting on an apple, he’d lean over. “Don’t eat the seed,” he said, “or an apple tree will grow inside you.” “What?” “Yes. Right inside your stomach, an apple tree!”36．It can be learned from paragraph 1 and 2 that____________.A．the author’s father can repair springs B．the author enjoys observing in thekitchenC．the author helps to cook difficult dishes D．the author’s family lives in a busyfactory37．How does the author develop the idea that “the kitchen is a mysterious place”?A．By describing how his father manages various tasks in the kitchen.B．By classifying the kitchen appliances into different categories.C．By contrasting the restaurant kitchen with the kitchen at home.D．By explaining why large pieces of pork were placed in the oven.38．The author mentions the incident of a rock candy in paragraph 3_____________.A．to highlight how he disliked the food his father madeB．to illustrate why they often kept secrets from his fatherC．to emphasize the troubled relationship with his fatherD．to show the family’s support for his father’s experiments39．Which of the following words can best describe the author’s father?A．dynamic and playful B．strict and innovativeC．talented and greedy D．hardworking and outdatedSocial engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here, watch this case ...40．It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that_______.A．Sandra asks Marcus for his password.B．Marcus steals the key corporate data.C．The attacker gains Marcus's trust first.D．Sandra is a senior director of the bank. 41．Which of the following best fits the “?” in step ℃of “THE DEFENSE"?A．LESSON B．HEALTH C．PROGRAM D．FINANCE 42．Which of the following is covered in the case?A．What loss the company has suffered B．How Marcus regretted receiving the call C．What Natalie has found about the domain D．How effectively Ray responded to the attackNew research confirms that human footprints found in New Mexico are probably thescientists knew about human habitation and migration(迁徙).The footprints were discovered at the edge of an ancient lakebed in White Sands national park. According to the new paper published in the journal Science, they date back to between 21, 000 and 23, 000 years ago. Actually, the estimated age of the footprints was first reported in Science in 2021, but some researchers raised concerns about the dates. Questions focused on whether seeds of water plants used for the original dating may have absorbed ancient carbon from the lake—which could, in theory, throw off radiocarbon dating by thousands of years. But the new study presents two additional lines of evidence for the older date range. It uses two entirely different materials found at the site, ancient pollen(花粉)and stone grains.The reported age of the footprints challenges the once conventional wisdom that humans did not reach the Americas until a few thousand years before rising sea levels covered the Bering land bridge between Russia and Alaska, perhaps about 15, 000 years ago. “This is a subject that's always been controversial because it's so significant. It's about how we understand the last chapter of the peopling of the world, ”said Thomas Urban, an archaeologist (考古学家)at Comell University, who was involved in the 2021 study but not the new one.Thomas Stafford, an independent archaeological geologist in New Mexico, who was not involved in the study, said he“was a bit suspicious before”but now is convinced. The new study isolated about75, 000 grams of pure pollen from the same stone layer that contained the footprints. "Dating pollen is laborious but worthwhile, "said Kathleen Springer, a research geologist at the US Geological Survey and a co-author of the new paper.Ancient footprints of any kind can provide archaeologists with a quick look of a moment in time. While some archeological sites in the Americas point to similar date ranges—including necklaces carved from giant animal remains in Brazil—scientists still question whether such objects really indicate human presence. “White Sands is unique because there's no question these footprints were left by people, "said Jennifer Raff, a scientist at the University of Kansas, who was not involved in the study.43．The underlined word"upends”(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to“_______".A．comprises B．connects C．challenges D．compares44．According to the passage, what is special about the new research?A．It shows the footprints were made by the Russians.B．It offers more convincing lines of evidence for dating.C．It confirms that the ancient humans enjoyed living by the lake.D．It reveals the footprints are much younger than previously thought.45．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_____________.A．necklaces are valuable objects for archaeologists to date animalsB．human footprints are often sure signs of human presenceC．ancient objects in Brazil are excluded from the studyD．White Sands is one important archaeological site46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Scientists Discovers New Species of Humans in AmericasB．Humans Reached Americas 15, 000 Years Earlier Than BelievedC．American Archaeologists Unearthed Valuable Manmade ObjectsD．New Research Confirms Early Human Presence in AmericasWhat to Know If Buying a Flipped HouseHouse flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter? 47You certainly don’t need to avoid flipped properties. A flipped property does have some strong selling points. A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved. Certainly, you’ll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself. But there are some things to watch out for if you’re considering buying one.48 For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn’t installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven’t factored them into your budget.Don’t neglect your right to a professional inspection. 49 So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code. It’s going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections. Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface, but shiny new finishes can sometimes masksubstandard work.Finally, flipped properties are rarely advertised as such. Therefore, it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent. 50 When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he’ll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.A．The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.B．An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.C．Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea?D．Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them. E．How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house?F．Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.五、书面表达51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Dealing with One Missed WorkoutIt’s a common dilemma (图局)for anyone on a training plan: You miss one workout and become awashed with guilt. To make up for it, you add those extra miles to your next workout. But according to the professionals, this isn’t the right way to go about it. “A single workout is not going to make or break a training plan. The key to training is consistency over time,” says John Raglin, PhD, professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University Bloomington.When you miss a workout, the temptation is to think, “Oh, I’ve got to do more tomorrow”. But when you try to catch up on your workouts, you run a couple of risks: “Certainly an injury, but also becoming over-tired, which could ruin your training after that, ” says Raglin. This is a phenomenon called ‘non-functional overreaching’, “he says. Eventually, this could lead to overtraining syndrome (综合症), which is characterized by a decrease in performance later due to a long-term increase in training load without adequate recovery.So how do you move forward if you skipped a run or five?Well first, people download generalized training plans without understanding that they are meant to be adapted to life. There is a whole host of life stressors—job, kids, friendships, travel—and exercise is justanother type of stress. Actually, when things get chaotic in your life, it may be necessary to just let go. Next, if you missed a workout, you have to ask yourself why: “Was it just because your schedule got out of hand or because you were feeling overly exhausted? ” Understanding why you missed the workout can offer some insights into how to tailor your program to suit your lifestyle.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________六、翻译52．门后挂着毛巾和睡衣，方便客人使用。

2020-2021学年上海市上海中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenB“They’re harming your brain.” “They’re ruining your eyes.” “They’re turning you into a violent person.” The words said publicly against video games are so common, but are these worries founded on actual science? Countless studies have offered different opinions on whether video games are bad for you. We’ve rounded up the most notable reports and studies below, so you can weigh up the evidence for yourself.In 2013,psychologist(心理学家) Simone Kuhn studied the influences of spending long hours on video games on the brains of young adults and found that several areas became bigger than before. These areas are connected with highercognitive functions(认知功能), memory formation andfinemotor(精细运动) function.Last year, psychologists said that video game players who favour violent games are more likely to be violent when offline. Dr. Mark Appelbaum of the American Psychological Association said that there was a relation between violent video game use and increases in violent behaviour.Dr. Daphne Bavelier is an expert in the field of Brain & Cognitive Sciences. Bavelier presented the audience with a colour-word test, where non-gamers are easily puzzled by the test, and those who spend long periods playing on their computers are more likely to pass the test with flying colours.“Actually, those video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention,” said Bavelier, “and one part of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to follow the movements of objects.”“So, in a sense, when we think about the influence of video games on the brain, it’s very similar to the influence of wine on the health. There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some very poor uses of video games. But when drunk in reasonable amounts, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health,” said Bavelier.4. What can be learned from Simone Kuhn’s study？A. Video games make you happier.B. Video games make your brain grow.C. Video games play a key role in memory.D. Video games teach you how to learn fast.5. What was Dr. Mark Appelbaum’s attitude towards video games？A. He was against them.B. He was hopeful of them.C.He was in favour of them.D. He was uncertain about them.6. Which of the following may Dr. Daphne Bavelier agree with？A. Video games fix attention problems.B. Video games make kids do well in exams.C. Video games encourage violent behaviour.D. Video games help increase colour knowledge.7. Why are the uses of wine mentioned in the last paragraph？A. To remind people to avoid video games.B. To show the disadvantages of video games.C. To help people learn more about video games.D.To ask people to make good use of video games.CItaly's fashion capital is gray — not only because of the blocks of stone buildings，but also due to its often-gray sky, which traps pollution. ButMilannow wants to change it.The city has an ambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 - a move that experts say could offer relief from the city's hot weather. Some projects have already contributed to environmental improvements. Architect Stefano Boeri’s Vertical Forest residential (居民的) tower, completed in 2014, aims to improve not only air quality but the quality of life for Milan residents. Boeri created a smallisland of greenery in the heart ofMilan, filling every balcony with plants that absorb carbon dioxide.“I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one of the most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can plant trees, Boeri said.Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the greenMilanproject will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area. City show thatMilanexperiences 35 hot nights a year. Because the city lies close to theAlps, Milin gets very little wind to lower the city's temperatures. "Planting trees will help this," Di said.TheVerticalForesthas attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. TheVerticalForest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved.8. What change doesMilanplan to make?A. Planting more trees.B. Creating a new fashion style.C. Pulling down more gray stone buildings.D. Doing more surveys to study global wanning.9. What's Boeri's opinion on the city's plan?A. It costs a lot.B. It is unpractical.C. It fails to attract people's attention.D. It is helpful to fight against climate change.10. What is Di Simine's attitude toward the city's plan?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Disappointed.D. Unconcerned.11. What does the last paragraph focus on?A. Specifics of the city's plan.B. Challenges faced by the city.C. The aim of theVerticalForestproject.D. The positive effect of theVerticalForestproject.DThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to theworld. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.12. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.13. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.14. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.15. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGetting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things you'll ever have to do. Most kids are just so full of energy that they'll tire you out before they're halfway through their store of energy. An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time. However, it's really not a great idea, just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9. Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns. The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad. Although that might not seem like so much more time, quality of sleep is vastly important in Children's development.The CDC's (美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a child's life in many ways, including affecting grades and also weight gain. Students with an "A" average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a "D" or"F" average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight. Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI (体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is, it's really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed. Just like it's important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions, it's even more important for kids.1. What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A. More sleep is necessary for children's development.B. Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C. Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D. Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2. What is the text mainly about?A. How is screen time affecting teenagers?B. What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C. When should you get your kid to bed at night?D. Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3. Who is the text intended for?A. Parents.B. Children.C. Teachers.D. Researchers.BA 10-year-old swimmer with sky-high dreams and a name to match them has broken a record previously held by Olympian Michael Phelps.Clark Kent Apuada, whose friends call him“Superman", swam the 100-meter butterfly in 1:09.38 at the Far Western Long Course Championships in his home state of California this Sunday. That's a second faster than the record Phelps set at the same event in 1995 with a time of 1: 10. 48 in the same category of boys under 10.Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clarksaid about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the mostdecoratedOlympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.Clarkwon first place for all the swimming events he competed in at this year's Far Western Championships. Pacific Swimming or PacSwim, a regional association that is part of USA Swimming, organizes the Far Western Long Course Championships. Cynthia Apuada,Clark' s mother,said that her child seems to be “living by his name at this point”。

2023届上海市嘉定区高三一模英语试卷(满分140分考试时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10 分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.3:10. B.3:30. C.3:50. D.4:10.2. A. Instructor and student.B. Husband and wife.C. Waiter and customer.D. Librarian and reader.3. A. Mr. Tang and Mr. Zhang.B. Mr. Zhang and Miss Qian.C. Mr. Tang and Miss Qian.D. Miss Qian and Jenny.4. A. He will go to yoga classes with the woman.B. He will take some photos about yoga.C. He will think twice about practicing yoga.D. He will treat the pain on his back first.5. A. Where the party should be held.B. Whether Diana's party is successful.C. Who remembers the party of last year.D. What kind of tea is suitable for the party.6. A. Women like to take knitting as a hobby. .B. Knitting takes practice before it is easy.C. It takes great efforts to produce threads.D. Knitting is not as relaxing as it seems.7. A. To tell him that they are busy.B. To share the phone signal with him.C. To ask him to give them a ride.D. To invite him to do sports together.8. A. They don't have a normal childhood.B. They may outgrow their celebrity later.C. The pressure they are under pays off.D. Their parents don't consider their feelings.9. A. Checking the materials the clothes are made from.B. Turning the clothes inside out before washing.C. Sorting out the clothes by fabric weight.D. Selecting the right number of clothes.10. A. Only a minority of people have read his articles.B. Few readers agree with his idea in the article.C. His article doesn't respond to the key issue.D. The woman fails to understand him.Section B (15 分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Lack of interest in study.B. The shortage of resources.C. Her lack of aim in life.D. Her unrealistic dreams.12. A. She kept trying even though she failed.B. She won a scholarship to study in China.C. Her website earned her a lot of money.D. She built a library with her experience.13. A. Trust your instinct and follow your heart.B. Learning a language is the key to success.C. The more you expect, the more disappointed you will be.D. The weak wait for opportunities; the strong create them. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is used as medicine in Latin America.B. It brings benefits to your tongue.C. It can spread seeds in nature.D. It can cause a feeling of pain.15. A. Because they bring a kind of nervous excitement.B. Because they contain anti-cancer properties.C. Because they are dangerously beautiful.D. Because they can turn animals away.16. A. What scientists have known about capsaicin.B. Why chili peppers are used in Sichuan cuisine.C. How hot food affects your body and feelings.D. Where people can find the best spicy food.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The screen is less bright than before.B. The display doesn't show any features.C. The bike cannot be started when plugged.D. The computer cannot control the speed.18. A. The cost is covered by insurance.B. The man has to pay more than $75.C. The cost for labor is the highest.D. Part replacing comes at an extra cost.19. A. On the morning of November 23".B. On the afternoon of December 8h.C. On the afternoon of November 23"d.D. On the morning of December 8h.20. A. Inquiry about the repair of a product.B. Complaint to the manager about a problem.C. Negotiation about the service fees.D. Making a purchase of an LCD screen.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Lovely Team MembersI fell in love with rhinos when I worked in a zoo in the 80s, and spent much of the next 20 years as the keeper of the largest captive (圈养的) group of rare black rhinos.Being aggressive and stupid is (21)______ impresses urban residents about rhinos, but I discovered a group of sensitive, affectionate animals. (22) ______ (weigh) over a ton, black rhinos are unexpectedly alert and have an unpredictable nature. However, (23) ______ given care and reassurance (安慰), they can be very trusting.In the past few years, the number of rhinos has dropped dramatically, during (24) ______ time I have helped look after rhinos being moved to reserves. Last year, I helped on a project to fly five black rhinos to the Serengeti National Park, where they had to be kept captive for a few weeks before (25) ______ (release) into the wild. They lived in "bomas”- wooden enclosures with "bedrooms".A couple of weeks before their planned release, the sky was filled with smoke and the flames were blowing over it. (26) ______(make) sure everything was fine, we rushed toward thebomas. Terrified that the rhinos (27) ______ (catch) fire, my initial response was to release them. But I couldn't, because they (28) ______ (not fit) with transmitters (发射器). If I let them out, we would have great difficulty tracking them down. So I dashed back to the bomas and called the rhinos to their “bedrooms". To my surprise, they moved without hesitation and were (29) ______ (panicky) than I had thought. After half an hour, the wind changed direction and the fire began to die down.That we and the rhinos had escaped unscathed (未受伤的) was a miracle. The relationship we had built with those lovely animals proved crucial. (30) ______ it, all our work would have been for nothing. The teamwork of everybody there played a large part too and the rhinos were very much part of that team.Section B (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Helping Eighth Graders Discover a Wider World of Science Salina Morales, an eighth-grade student, wants to work with animals when she gets older. She was excited and full 31______ at the prospect of a class visit to the American Museum of Natural History. Salina is among thousands of eighth graders in New York public schools whose science education will be given a(n) 32______ by a new partnership between the schools and seven of the city's science-oriented institutions.The program, called Urban Advantage, aims to provide professional development and resources to teachers, 33______ class and individual museum visits, and ultimately help eighth graders complete science projects required for graduation. The Museum of Natural History is leading the 34______.“The real push behind this project is the crisis in science education, which is a(n) 35______ part of a student's learning and growth," Ellen V. Futter, the president of the Museum of National History, said. According to a report, 43 percent of American eighth graders do not have a basic understanding of science. Among the most frequently 36______ reasons are theinadequacy of teacher education programs and the lack of teaching resources. Too often, the science class is about memorizing facts and does not 37______ the truly exciting process of using scientific methods and tools to observe and analyze natural phenomena. As a result, too few of our children are 38______ to pursue study or careers in key scientific fields.Over the course of three years, Urban Advantage will reach the city's entire eighth-grade population. The City Council was 39______ in developing Urban Advantage, providing more than $1 million funding. “This is a big deal for New York," the Councilwoman said. “It's very hard to get a new initiative going, but we made it happen because everyone believed in the importance of 40______ science education."III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best. fits the context.A New York state agency had just brought on a technician in its IT department to help update some of its aging computer systems. During the interview process, the candidate seemed like a(n) 41______ fit. He would be a real help to the team, the hiring manager had assured everyone.But by the end of the new guy's first day on the job, it was clear something was wrong. He had 42______ technical literacy. He couldn't even take directions. The hiring manager was confused: How could someone who seemed like such a strong candidate during the interview process turn out to be so 43______? At the end of her rope, the hiring manager turned to her supervisor for help. After listening to the situation, the supervisor gave an unexpected answer: The person who showed up to the job 44______ wasn't the person who had been interviewed.Job interviews are a crucial part of any organization, from government agencies to modern startups, when personal 45______ can allow candidates to convey their value better than they do on a resume (简历). But there' s a growing wave of candidates who are quietly trying to 46______ the system. According to a research, an increasing number of candidates are employing stand-ins to do the interviews and 47______ the job for them. The scheme goes by an interesting name: bait (诱饵) and switch. Bait-and-switch interviews appear particularly 48______ in IT fields. With more and more tech companies conducting job interviews throughvideo chat and hiring employees who are permitted to work remotely. It's easier than ever to pull off a bait and switch.It's impossible to 49______ the number of bait-and-switch interviews that are taking place. Companies and recruiters (招聘者) are often embarrassed to admit when they've been 50______. Even when bait and switchers get caught, companies are sometimes 51______ to accuse them. So there is no way of knowing the scale of the problem.Chris Mitchell, the senior vice president at the staffing firm Planet Technology, said unqualified hires were a tremendous 52______ once they gained access to critical user data that could be mishandled. Organizations can have their reputation ruined, 53______ can have their data stolen, and unwitting (不知情的) coworkers are forced to clean up the mess.Anyway, bait-and-switch interviews are a big problem especially for a company that desperately 54______ capable talent. With no end in sight, employers are advised to keep an eye out for all their applicants and make sure that their interview process is enough to 55______ unqualified applicants from qualified ones.41. A. poor B. loose C. ideal D. major42. A. equal B. little C. basic D. adult43. A. disrespectful B. miserable C. impatient D. incompetent44. A. literally B. rigidly C. fortunately D. conventionally45. A. correspondences B. interactions C. dedications D. boundaries46. A. adopt B. stabilize C. cheat D. tackle47. A. secure B. abandon C. exploit D. clarify48. A. contradictory B. flexible C. identical D. widespread49. A. advocate B. quantify C. divide D. maximize50. A. diversified B. isolated C. tricked D. liberated51. A. eager B. innocent C. decent D. reluctant52. A. help B. leap C. risk D. experience53. A. applicants B. customers C. supervisors D. inspectors54. A. holds up B. calls for C. sets about D. takes over55. A. discriminate B. remove C. distract D. shiftSection B (22 分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Catherine Garland, a physi cs professor, started seeing “the problem" in 2019. She'd laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course, but student after student was calling her over for help. They were all getting the same error message: The program couldn't find their files.Garland thought it would be an easy fix. She asked each student where they had saved their project. “Could they be on the desktop? Perhaps in the Documents folder?" But over and over, she was met with confusion. “What are you talking about?" multiple students inquired. Gradually, Garland came to the realization: the concept of file folders and directories, essential to previous generations' understanding of computers, is gibberish to many modern students.Garland's mental model is commonly known as “d irectory structure", the hierarchical system (层级体系) of folders used to arrange files. What have caused the mental model to change? It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces. It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to. “When I want to scroll (滚屏) over to Snapchat, Twitter, they're not in any particular order, but I know exactly where they are," says Vogel, who is a devoted iPhone user. Some of it boils down to muscle memory.It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990, but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. While many of today's professors grew up without search functions, today's students increasingly don't remember a world without them.Some may blame the generational incompetence. An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z (born from 1997 onwards) had achieved the “digital native"level of computer literacy. But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills, but rather that they're learning different ones. Garland, for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. “They use computers one way, and we use computers another way," Garland emphasizes. “That's where the problem lies."56. The word “gibberish" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.A. commonB. accessibleC. nonsenseD. fundamental57. What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4?A. There is no search function in the directory structure.B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.C. Modern students like to store documents in physical drives.D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.58. By mentioning Garland's and Vogel's stories, the author.A. highlights the different mindsets of two generationsB. criticizes modern students' overuse of online appsC. shows the difficulty of teaching today's studentsD. calls on a change in the education of physics59. According to the passage, what can best address “the problem" men tioned at the beginning and the ending?A. Teaching students directory structure.B. Improving generational understanding.C. Enhancing Generation Z's digital skills.D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.(B)60. According to the advertisement, which of the following is TRUE of tinnitus?A.20% of the sufferers visit doctors for it.B. It may result in numerous health issues.C. It is caused by sleeplessness and anxiety.D. Tinnitus specialists may lose hearing.61. How does the Sound Therapy program work?A. By reducing one's exposure to noise.B. By offering patients tinnitus relief pills.C. By hiring the best doctors and researchers.D. By using music to improve brain connections.62. By calling 1300557796, one canA. discuss with ENT doctorsB. buy some DVD info packsC. consult someone about his needsD. participate in the program for free(C)In the ancient walled city of Sana'a, mud skyscrapers rise high into the sky. The towering structures are built entirely out of earth and decorated with striking geometric patterns. The local mud architecture is so unique that the city has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.“As an outstanding example of architecture reflecting the spatial characteristics ofthe early years, the city in its landscape has an extraordinary artistic and pictorial quality," UNESCO writes in its description of Sana'a. “The buildings also demonstrate exceptional craftsmanship in the use of local materials and techniques."Even though the buildings in Sana'a are thous ands of years old, they remain “terribly contemporary", says Salma Samar Damluji, co-founder of the Mud Brick Architecture Foundation. The ancient structures are still inhabited today and most remain private residences. Damluji says it is easy to see why these mud buildings have not lost their appeal -they are well-insulated (绝缘的), sustainable and extremely adaptable for modern use. "It is the architecture of the future," says Damluji.Architects around the world are reviving (复兴) raw-earth construction as they seek to construct sustainable buildings that can resist extreme weather events such as flash floods and intense heat. Could this ancient form of architecture influence the design of our future homes?The construction industry accounts for 38% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The building sector has an important role to play if the world is to meet the goal of reaching net zero by 2050. Concrete, a common modern construction material, has a huge carbon footprint. Replacing concrete with less polluting materials is critical to achieving our climate goals, scientists warn.The ancient material, mud, could be the perfect sustainable alternative to concrete, according to Damluji. Constructing with mud has a very low impact on the environment andthe mater ial itself is fully recyclable, she says. “If you want to pull down a wall or change the design, you can recycle all the materials." An added bonus is that mud buildings are warm in the winter and cool in the summer. This reduces the need for air conditioning units, which consume large amounts of electricity and contain refrigerants that comprise greenhouse gas emissions. Mud structures are also incredibly strong and resistant to extreme weather, such as heatwaves, floods and droughts, which scientists say will become more frequent and intense as temperatures continue to rise.Therefore, people who wish to live in a modern, comfortable home should consider one made of mud. Overall, it makes for highly advanced as well as sustainable design.63. According to the first two paragraphs, buildings in Sana'a are “unique" because ______.A. they are tall and tower over the entire cityB. their geometric patterns create artistic feelingsC. they are beautifully crafted with local resourcesD. their fascinating history has attracted many tourists64. Which of the following is TRUE about mud materials according to the passage?A. They can reduce the chance of extreme weather events.B. They can be ideal for sustainable future construction.C. They might produce lots of greenhouse gas emissions.D. They might cause substantial temperature changes.65. It can be inferred from the passage that.A. mud might be an important solution to the climate crisisB. the mud buildings in Sana'a are no longer suitable to liveC. rebuilding mud construction would take great effortsD. mud becomes the favourite material of architects66. What do you think might be the best title of the passage?A. The Historic Cities that Mark Human CivilizationB. The Construction Industry that Threatens Climate GoalsC. The Modern Architecture that Survives Extreme WeatherD. The Ancient Material that Makes for Future House DesignsSection C (8 分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Out- of-control SpaceX RocketA SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space, experts say. The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point - - a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun. 67____________At this phase, it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth's atmosphere. But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system. 68____________ Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect (相交) with the moon. Bill Gray, who writes software to track near-Earth objects, has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon, near the equator. "This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I'm aware," Gray added.69____________ Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight “pushing” on the rocket and “difficulty in measuring rotation (旋转) periods", its orbit may be slightly altered. “But these unpredictable effects are very small," Gray wrote. He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact. In a recent blog post, he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby, and will definitely make an impact.As for whether the collision (相撞) could be viewed from Earth, Gray says it will probably go unobserved. “Even if it hit on the near side of the moon, the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable," he added, “to me, the impact was not abig deal." 70____________ They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected (弹射) by the rocket's strike.IV. Summary writing (10 分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Laughter Yoga“Friends, I must tell you, laughter yoga is not a comedy." Dr Madan Kataria, the creator of laughter yoga, an exercise programme involving prolonged laughter, said. Laughter yoga, a combination of breathing exercises and deliberate (故意的) laughter, came from humble beginnings, but has mushroomed into a global movement. Hundreds of clubs, usually free to attend, have now been established across Asia, Europe and North America.“I had read so much about the benefits of laughter, and how acting out emotions, especially through facial expressions, can create them," Kataria tells me. But he realized he wouldn't often see people laughing in Mumbai. “The idea struck me: why not start a laughter club? Laughter reduces stress," Kataria goes on, following some yogic postures, “it makes your immune (免疫) system stronger and keeps your mind positive!" Five people attended Kataria's first meet-up in Mumbai in 1995. He initially asked participants to tell jokes to force laughter, but as attendances grew Kataria learned that laughing for no reason at all was the best method. “We started just faking laughter," he says. “And then people started laughing for real. It was infectious; we couldn't stop."Laughter yoga addresses a deep-seated need to laugh that is being stifled (過制). Young children can laugh hundreds of times a day. But as we get older, the fun begins to stop - our brains learn how to adapt our emotions in tune with the needs of others. We develop empathy(同理心). But so, too, are we told to stop laughing and be serious about life. There's often a sense that if you're laughing, you're not properly learning, or working, or focusing, or paying respect. Sometimes this is justified, but not always. Perhaps that is the recipe for the growing popularity of laughter yoga.V. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.做人务必要学会保持低调。