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The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, blessings, host speech, welcome speech, self-introduction, contract agreement, letter of agreement, report summary, work plan, essay encyclopedia, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!总统演讲稿(4篇)mr. speaker, lord speaker,prime minister, deputy prime minister,leader of the opposition and distinguished guests:i am delighted to be with you today.a chairde:tá fíor-chaoin áthas orm bheith anseo libh ar ócáid an chéad cuairt stáit seo.on the first day of this state visit, i have been graciously and warmly welcomed by her majestyqueen elizabeth at windsor castle, and i have come to this place from a poignant anduplifting visit to westminster abbey. i am greatly honoured to be the first president of irelandto address you in this distinguished palace of westminster.as a former parliamentarian, honoured to have spent twenty-five years as a member of dáiléireann, and a further decade serving in our upper house, seanad éireann, it constitutes avery special privilege to be speaking today in a place that history has made synonymous withthe principle of democratic governance and with respect for a political discourse that is bothinclusive and pluralist.at the very foundation of british democracy is, of course, the magna carta which includes thepowerful statement: “to no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay, right or justice.”those beautiful and striking words have echoed down the centuries and remain the beatingheart of the democratic tradition. their resonance was felt almost immediately in irelandthrough the magna carta hiberniae - a version of the original charter reissued by theguardians of the young henry iii in november 1216.they are also words which echo with a particular significance when we have indeed so recentlyseen the adverse consequences of a discourse that regards politics, society and the economyas somehow separate, each from the other; this is a divisive perspective which underminesthe essential relationship between the citizen and the state. today, as both our countries workto build sustainable economies and humane and flourishing societies, we would do well to recallthe words of the magna carta and its challenge to embrace a concept of citizenship rooted inthe principles of active participation, justice and freedom.such a vision of citizenship is shared by our two peoples.it is here, in this historic building that,over the centuries, the will of the british people gradually found its full democratic voice. it isinspiring to stand in a place where, for more than a century, many hundreds of dedicatedparliamentarians, in their different ways, represented the interests and aspirations of the irishpeople.next month marks the centenary of the passing of the home rule act by the house ofcommons - a landmark in our shared history. it was also here that the votes of irishnationalist members of parliament in 1911 were instrumental in the passage of the parliamentact, a critical step in the development of your parliamentary system.history was also made here in 1918 when the irish electorate chose the first woman to beelected to this parliament - constance markiewicz - who, of course, chose not to take herwestminster seat but, rather, to represent her constituents in our independent parliament,the first dáil éireann. constance’s sister, eva gore-booth, who is buried in hampstead, hadbeen making, and would continue to make, her own distinctive contribution to history - notonly in the irish nationalist struggle, but as part of the suffragette and labour movements inbritain.nearly 90 years earlier, the passage of the catholic emancipation act of 1829 was secured bythe leadership of our great irish parliamentarian, daniel o’connell. o’connell’s nationalism setno border to his concern for human rights; his advocacy extended to causes and movementsfor justice around the world, including the struggle to end slavery. he was totally dedicated toseeking freedom, as he put it:“attained not by the effusion of human blood but by the constitutional combination of goodand wise men.”while o’connell may not have achieved that ambition during his own lifetime, it was such anidealism that served to guide and influence, so many years later, the achievement of themomentous good friday agreement of 1998. that achievement was founded on thecornerstones of equality, justice and democratic partnership, and was a key milestone on theroad to today’s warm, deep and enduring irish-british friendship.our two countries can take immense pride in the progress of the cause of peace in northernireland. but of course there is still a road to be travelled - the road of a lasting and creativereconciliation - and our two governments have a shared responsibility to encourage andsupport those who need to complete the journey of making peace permanent andconstructive,enduring.mr speaker, lord speaker:i stand here at a time when the relationship between our two islands has, as i have said,achieved a closeness and warmth that once seemed unachievable. the people of ireland greatlycherish the political independence that was secured in 1922 - an independence which wasfought for by my father and many of his generation. the pain and sacrifice associated with theadvent of irish independence inevitably cast its long shadow across our relations, causingus, in the words of the irish mp stephen gwynn, to:“look at each other with doubtful eyes.”we acknowledge that past but, as you have said, even more, we wholeheartedly welcome theconsiderable achievement of today’s reality - the mutual respect, friendship andcooperation which exists between our two countries, our two peoples. that benign reality wasbrought into sharp relief by the historic visit of queen elizabeth to ireland three years ago. hermajesty’s visit eloquently expressed how far we have come in understanding and respectingour differences, and it demonstrated that we could now look at each other through trustingeyes of mutual respect and shared commitments.the ties between us are now strong and resolute. formidable flows of trade and investmentacross the irish sea confer mutual benefit on our two countries. be it in tourism, sport orculture, our people to people connections have never been as close or abundant.generations of irish emigrants have made their mark on the development of this country. assomeone whose own siblings made their home here at the end of the 1950s, i am very proud ofthe large irish community that is represented in every walk of life in the united kingdom. thatcommunity is the living heart in the evolving british-irish relationship. i greatly cherish howthe irish in britain have preserved and nurtured their culture and heritage while, at the sametime, making a distinctive and valued contribution to the development of modern britain.mr speaker, lord speaker:as both our islands enter periods of important centenaries we can and must, reflect on theethical importance of respecting different, but deeply interwoven, narratives. such reflectionwill offer us an opportunity to craft a bright future on the extensive common ground weshare and, where we differ in matters of interpretation, to have respectful empathy for eachother’s perspectives.this year the united kingdom commemorates the first world war. in ireland too, we rememberthe large number of our countrymen who entered the battlefields of europe, never to returnhome. amongst those was the irish nationalist mp tom kettle who wrote that:“this tragedy of europe may be and must be the prologue to the two reconciliations of whichall statesmen have dreamed, the reconciliation of protestant ulster with ireland, and thereconciliation of ireland with great britain.”it is, i think, significant that kettle refers to “this tragedy of europe.” we must alwaysremember that this brutal and tragic war laid the hand of death on every country in europe.kettle died as an irish patriot, a british soldier and a true european. he understood that to beauthentically irish we must also embrace our european identity. it is an identification weproudly claim today, an identification we share with the united kingdom, with whom we havesat around the negotiating table in europe for over 40 years. we recognise that it has been inthat european context of mutuality and interdependence that we took the most significantsteps towards each other.mr speaker, lord speaker:i have been struck by the imposing canvases in this room, these depictions of the battles oftrafalgar and waterloo, painted by the irishman daniel maclis. they call to mind anotherfamous painting by this great artist that hangs in the national gallery in dublin. it depicts the12th century marriage of aoife, daughter of the king of leinster, to strongbow, the leader ofthe first anglo-norman force to arrive in ireland. those nuptials took place in the context ofconflict and did not necessarily become a harbinger of harmony. neither was there to be amarriage of hearts and minds between our two islands in the following centuries.today, however, we have a fresh canvas on which to sketch our shared hopes and to advanceour overlapping ambitions. what we now enjoy between ireland and britain is a friendly, co-operative partnership based on mutual respect, reciprocal benefit, and deep and indeliblepersonal links that bind us together in cultural and social terms.in the final days of his life, the soldier and parliamentarian, to whom i have referred, tomkettle dreamed of a new era of friendship between our two peoples - “free, we are free to beyour friend” - was how he put it in one of his poems.the journey then of our shared british-irish relationship towards that freedom has progressedfrom the doubting eyes of estrangement to the trusting eyes of partnership and, in recentyears, to the welcoming eyes of friendship.i am conscious that i am in the company here of so many distinguished parliamentarianswho have made their own individual contributions to the journey we have travelled together. iacknowledge them and i salute them, as i acknowledge and salute all those who haveselflessly worked to build concord between our peoples. i celebrate our warm friendship and ilook forward with confidence to a future in which that friendship can grow even more resoluteand more productive.gur fada a ghabhfaidh pobail agus parlaimintí an dá oileán seo le chéile go síochánta, goséanmhar agus sa chairdeas buandlúite idir éire agus an bhreatain.long may our two peoples and their parliaments walk together in peace, prosperity and evercloser friendship between ireland and britain.mr speaker, members, thank you again for your kind welcome.go raibh míle maith agaibh go léir.奥巴马总统在白宫复活节祈祷早餐会英语演讲稿 20XX总统演讲稿（2）good morning, everybody. (applause.) thank you, thank you, thank you very much. please,please have a seat. thank you so much. well, good morning, everybody.welcome to the white house andwelcome to our annual easter prayer breakfast. as always,we are blessed to be joined by so many good friends fromaround the country. we'vegotdistinguished guests. we've got faithleaders, members of my administration who are here.and i will once again resist the temptationto preach to preachers. (laughter.) it never worksout well. i am reminded of the admonition from the bookof romans -- “do not claim to bewiser than you are.” (laughter.) so this morning, i want to offer some very brief reflections aswe startthis easter season.but as i was preparing myremarks, something intervened yesterday. and so i want to justdevote a few words about yesterday's tragedy inkansas. this morning our prayers are withthepeople of overland park. and we'restill learning the details, but this much we know. a gunmanopened fire at two jewish facilities-- a community center and a retirement home. innocentpeople were killed. their families were devastated. and this violence has struck the heart ofthe jewish communityin kansascity.two of the victims -- agrandfather and his teenage [grand] son -- attended the unitedmethodist churchof the resurrection, which is led by our friend reverend adam hamilton.some of you may know that during myinauguration, reverend hamilton delivered the sermonat the prayer service atthe national cathedral. and i wasgrateful for his presence and hiswords. he joined us at our breakfast last year. and at the easter service for palm sunday lastnight, he had to breakthis terrible news to his congregation.that this occurred now -- as jewswere preparing to celebrate passover, as christians wereobserving palm sunday--makes this tragedy all the more painful. and today, as passoverbegins, we're seeing a number of synagogues andjewish community centers take addedsecurity precautions. nobody should have to worry about theirsecurity when gathering withtheir fellow believers. no one should ever have to fear for theirsafety when they go to pray.and as a government, we're goingto provide whatever assistance is needed to support theinvestigation. as americans, we not only need to open ourhearts to the families of the victims,we've got to stand united against thiskind of terribleviolence, which has no place in oursociety. and we have to keep coming together acrossfaiths to combat the ignorance andintolerance, including anti-semitism thatcan lead to hatred and to violence, because we'reall children of god. we're all made in his image, all worthy ofhis love and dignity. and we seewhathappens around the world when this kind of religious-based or tinged violencecan rear itsugly head. it's got no placein our society.so this easter week, of course werecognize that there's a lot of pain and a lot of sin and alot of tragedy inthis world, but we're also overwhelmed by the grace of an awesome god. we'rereminded how he loves us, so deeply,that he gave his only begotten son so that we might livethrough him. and in these holy days, we recall all thatjesus endured for us -- the scorn of thecrowds and the pain of thecrucifixion, in our christian religious tradition we celebrate theglory of theresurrection -- all so that we might be forgiven of our sins and grantedeverlastinglife.and more than 2,000 years later,it inspires us still. we are drawn tohis timeless teachings,challenged to be worthy of his sacrifice, to emulate asbest we can his eternal example tolove one another just as he loves us. and of course, we'realways reminded each andevery daythat we fall short of that example. and none of us are free from sin, but we look to his life andstrive,knowing that “if we love one another, god lives in us, and his love isperfected in us.”i'll tell you, i felt this spiritwhen i had the great honor of meeting his holiness, popefrancis,recently. i think it's fair to say thatthose of us of the christian faith, regardless of ourdenomination, have beentouched and moved by pope francis. now,some of it is his words --his message of justice and inclusion, especially forthe poor and the outcast. he implores ustosee the inherent dignity in each human being. but it's also his deeds, simple yet profound--hugging the homeless man, and washing the feet of somebody who normallyordinary folkswould just pass by on the street. he reminds us that all of us, no matter whatour station, havean obligation to live righteously, and that we all have anobligation to live humbly.becausethat's, in fact, the example that we profess to follow.so i had a wonderful conversationwith pope francis, mostly about the imperatives ofaddressing poverty andinequality. and i invited him to come tothe united states, and isincerely hope he will. when we exchanged gifts he gave me a copy ofhis inspiring writings, “the joy of the gospel.” and there is apassage that speaks to ustoday: “christ's resurrection,”hewrites, “is not an event of the past; it contains a vital power which haspermeated this world.”and he adds,“jesus did not rise in vain. may wenever remain on the sidelines of this march ofliving hope!”so this morning, my main messageis just to say thank you to all of you, because you don'tremain on thesidelines. i want to thank you for yourministries, for your good works, for themarching you do for justice anddignity and inclusion, for the ministries that all of you attendto and havehelped organize throughout your communities each and every day to feedthehungry and house the homeless and educate children who so desperately need aneducation.you have made a difference inso many different ways, not only here in the united states butoverseas aswell. and that includes a cause close tomy heart, my brother's keeper, an initiativethat we recently launched to makesure that more boys and young men of color can overcomethe odds and achievetheir dreams.and we're joined by several faithleaders who are doing outstanding work in this areamentoring and helping youngmen in tough neighborhoods. we're alsojoined by some of theseyoung men who are working hard and trying to be goodstudents and good sonsand goodcitizens. and i want to say to each of those young men here, we're proud of you,and we expecta lot of you. and we'regoing to make sure that we're there for you so that you then in turn willbethere for the next generation of young men.and i mention all this because ofall of our many partners for my brother's keeper, it's clergylike you and yourcongregations that can play a special role to be that spiritual andethicalfoundation, that rock that so many young men need in their lives.so i want to thank all of you whoare already involved. i invite those whoare not to get moreinformation, see if you can join in this effort as brothersand sisters in christ who “never tire ofdoing good.”in closing, i'll just recall thatold prayer that i think more than one preacher has invoked atthe pulpit: “lord, fill my mouth with worthwhile stuff,and nudge me when i've said enough.” (laughter.) the almighty isnudging me. i thank you for joining usthis morning of prayer. iwish you all ablessed holy week and easter, and i'd like to invite my friend joel huntertodeliver the opening prayer. come on up,joel. (applause.)南非前总统曼德拉励志英语演讲稿（双语） 20XX总统演讲稿（3）下面是xx本店铺为你精心编辑整理的南非前总统曼德拉励志英语演讲稿，希望对你有所帮助!i am prepared to die for an ideal为理想我愿献出生命february 11,19901990年2月11日i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to see realized. but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die.我反对白人统治，也反对黑人统治。
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
The Great Britain Growth (writer----Keenly) British was calling the United Kingdom of the Great Britain. It was including England、W ales、Scotland and Northern Ireland. The three countries called Great Britain.Roughly between 1750 and 1850, England went through a remarkable changed. Before most manufactured goods were made by hand in people’s homes. After this changed made goods by machine. This change in the way called Industrial Revolution.In my thought, it is first Industrial Revolution in England. The first Industrial Revolution had spoken the part was capitalist society the objective requirement of the development of the decision. It has abolished the feudal system, and eliminate the against the development of the capitalist limitations. The Industrial Revolution created the important political prerequisite for the machine production to prepare technological conditions. James W att improved led and invented the steam engine in 1769. The technology revolution had brought the manual labor to the power from the machine manufacturing changed of major leap. Then spread to the whole of Europe. In the 19 century it spread to North America. And after the second war __world war 11, but the war weakened Britain as well. Then the Industrial Revolution spread to countries all over the world.As for, why is England Industrial Revolution as first of all? First, the main reason is the British had asset rule class; second, the British first through the enclosure movement. Also it had a lot of labor. It expanded the domestic market. Many years of overseas trade and colonists expanded for the British original capital accumulation ,and providing a broad rage of material and market.When the market need to increase demand the manual production has failed to settled for the market demand. So, commercial benefit impelled, the machines replaced the manual production revolution inevitable break out.The first Industrial Revolution provided by using heat energy, also it provided power for mechanical technique. It ended to human on animal、wind and water conservancy natural resources depends on for a long time.The first time the Industrial Revolution on the world is far reaching influence. It marks the machine age. In the history of capitalism is an important stage. It from traditional agricultural society change to a modern industrial society. The production technology revolution. It is also the profound social transformation of the relationship. It is violent、hitting the old system、and the old ideas. It will further consolidate the assetclass on the world of the rule and of the foundation, as the some time, western powers colonies was robbing strengthen. Eventually, some colonists decided to break away from Britain and start new countries.In 1948 and 1960, Britain was forced to grand independence to most of its colonists, as its empire crumbled, however, Britain agreed to accept immigrants from these colonies. Soon, human development to the earth to exploitation fossil fuels, as oil and natural gas. Therefore, a business profit of human history began to quicken in Britain. So, the Great Britain was growth.。
