keSci.(湖泊科学),2010,22(6):799-810.E-mai:ljlakes@Z2010byJournalofLakeSciences
中国湖泊现状及面临的重大问题与保护策略*
杨桂山,马荣华,张 路,姜加虎,姚书春,张 民,曾海鳌
(中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008)
摘 要:我国湖泊数量多、类型全、分布广,湖泊的形成演化不仅受流域自然环境因素及变化的影响,而且还深受人类活动的干扰,呈现出不同的区域演变特征和生态环境问题.近几十年来,我国湖泊数量、面积和分布都发生了较为显著的变化,并面临着湖泊萎缩与调蓄能力减少、水质下降与富营养化加重、生物多样性减少与生态退化、河湖水力和生态联系阻隔以及湖岸线和环湖地带过度开发等问题,引发一系列生态与环境后果,严重影响流域居民日常生活和经济的可持续发展.本文通过大量湖泊野外考察和调查,查清了我国面积大于1km2湖泊的数量、面积和分布状况,结合历史湖泊调查和相关研究资料,系统分析了近几十年我国湖泊面临的重大生态环境问题及区域特征,提出了我国湖泊保护的策略.关键词:湖泊现状;中国;生态环境问题;保护策略
Lakestatus,majorproblemsandprotectionstrategyinChina
YANGGuishan,MARonghua,ZHANGLu,JIANGJiahu,YAOShuchun,ZHANGMin&ZENGHaipao(NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,P.R.China)
Abstrac:tLargenumbersoflakeswithdifferenttypesaredistributedthroughChina.Theformationandevolutionofthelakesarenotonlyinfluencedbynaturalfactorsinthewatersheds,butalsodeeplydisturbedbyhumanactivities,whichledtodifferentre-gionalevolutioncharacteristicsandeco-environmentalproblems.Inrecentdecades,thenumber,areaanddistributionofthelakeshaveundergonesignificantchanges.Moreover,thelakesarefacingmanyproblemssuchasshrinkage,reductionofstoragecapac-ity,waterqualitydecline,seriouseutrophication,biodiversitydecrease,ecologicaldegradation,barrierofriverandlakewaterandecologicalcontact,over-developmentaroundtheshorelineandthelakearea,etc.Theseproblemshavetriggeredaseriesofeco-logicalandenvironmentalconsequences,seriouslyaffectingthedailylivesoftheresidentsandsustainabledevelopmentoftheecon-omy.Thispaperaimstoidentifythenumber,areaanddistributionofthelakesinChinawiththearealargerthan1km2,binedwithhistoricaldataoflakesurveysandrelativeresearchresults,themajorecologicalandenvironmentalproblemsandregionalcharacteristicsofthelakesinrecentdecadesaresystematicallyanalyzed,andtheprotectionstrategiesforthelakesinChinaareproposed.Keywords:Lakestatus;China;eco-environmentalproblems;protectionstrategy