苏联是不属于任何国家的，当时的苏联是一个由很多国家组成的联盟。
苏联之所以能够从战火中成长为一个超级大国，靠的就是大家庭的共同努力，大家一起发展生产力、一起改善人民生活水平。
苏联的富裕时期面包都可以随便喂猪，纯天然果汁、新鲜的鱼肉都是一般家庭随意消费的普通食品。
但是，苏联希望从联邦制加盟国转变为单一主权国家的构想最终还是失败了。
戈尔巴乔夫在当苏共***的时期，推行“新思维”积极向西方靠拢，导致前苏联在1991年解体。
苏联解体后，分成了15个国家，分别是：俄罗斯、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、白俄罗斯、爱沙尼亚、格鲁吉亚、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、摩尔多瓦、塔吉克斯坦斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌克兰和乌兹别克斯坦。
而前苏联的全称是“苏维埃shehuizhuyi共和国联盟”，英语是“Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”或者简称Soviet Union。
如果单从“苏联”一词，我们很难理解“苏联”到底是个什么政体？但是从英文称呼来看就非常明白了。
首先最重要的，“苏联”是一个联盟，也就是第一个单词“Union”，其次为Soviet，是“代表大会”的意思，也就是最高权力机关，第三，Socialist，即shehuizhuyi的，这个很好理解，第四，Republics，则是共和国们，要特别注意Republics里面的这个表示复数的s，也就是说这里有很多共和国们一起组成了前苏联。
世界上其它的共和国比如中华人民共和国（People‘s Republic of China）就没有表示复数的s，说明我们就是一个共和国。
说到底，前苏联本质上说是一个政治大联盟（Union），而不是一个国家（State or Country）。
与前苏联类似的，现在的欧盟（European Union）也是一个政治大联盟（Union），而不是一个大的国家（State or Country），欧盟目前有27个成员国，相对比前苏联，欧盟里面也有主导型国家，就是法国和德国，类似前苏联的俄罗斯共和国。
「战争中首先牺牲的是真♥相♥」-美国参议员海勒姆.约翰逊 1918年《五日战争》本片根据真实故事改编Based on actual events在过去的10年中，有500多名战地记者丧生More than 500 war reporters were killed in the last decade.谨以此片纪念他们This film is dedicated to their memory.伊♥拉♥克♥ 2007年Iraq - 2007他不会说话，所以他只能拍东西He can't talk,so he just films things.是差不多Yeah, basically.还给他的摄像机取名儿，我觉得挺可怜的He's even named his camera Dave,which I find kind of sad.我们开拍了And we're taping.安德斯玛丽安Anders. Miriam.向家乡的朋友们问个好Say hello to the folks at home.说「来自地狱的问候」来吧Say, "Greetings from hell."Come on, guys.你们在后面做什麽呢？计划约会？What are you doing back there?Planning a date?我们在想为什麽艾尔.莎非会同意我们去採访他We're speculating about al-Safi's motives on giving us this interview. 是啊，我们来说点大家感兴趣的吧Yeah. Let's talk about something that really interests people.比如夫妻生活Like sex.赛伯延你真是个变♥态♥！Sebastian, you are such a fucking pervert!为什麽不关上机器，省些电留著拍正经的呢？Why don't you turn that off, and save the battery for the real stuff? - 就是，别拍我们了！- 这就是正经的啊- Yeah, stop filming us! - This is the real stuff.无聊又老套的战争哪有人关心People don't care about boring old war.得来点刺♥激♥的转移一下他们对【美国偶像】的兴趣They need something juicy to break away from "American Idol".像是记者们的紧急夫妻生活报道Like emergency sex among reporters.安德斯，你能给电视观众解释一下这个的概念吗？Anders, would you care to explain that concept to TV audiences?你为什麽不解释一下？Why don't you explain it?你晚上不也是一个人在网上You can explain the emergency sex you have at night,跟网络紧急夫妻生活吗alone with the internet, you know.我们可不想在你的性福生活节目裡谈我们的夫妻生活Cos we don't want our sex lives on your emergency sex show.哦，小姐！你说的是「你们的夫妻生活」？Whoa there, missy! Did you just say, "Our sex lives"?啊那确实是有这回事了？Ah, does that mean you guys are finally doing it?回去以后我们得好好谈谈When we get home we're gonna have a talk你好缺乏职业道德啊，是不是？about your lack of journalistic standards, OK?你肯定会被狠狠地惩罚You'll be severely disciplined.我看到些东西哪裡?I see something.Where?-我看到有人在路上! -我什麽都没看到!- I see someone on the road! - I don't see anything!靠!靠!靠!Fuck! Fuck! Fuck!我靠!天啊!关上车门!Fuck! Jesus! Shut the door!-大家都还好吗? -是的!趴下!- Is everyone all right? - Yeah! Get down!把车倒回去!Get this car in reverse!倒车啊!带我们离开这儿!通讯社!Back off! Get us out of here! Press!通讯社!Press!快倒车Put the car in reverse!快动起来,蠢货,不然我们都会死的!Move it, motherfucker,or we're all dead!带我们离开这儿!Get us the fuck out of here!-你还好吗? -没事,我想是打到防弹衣了- Are you all right? - Yeah. I think the vest caught it.她还好吗?严重吗?Is she OK? Is it bad?她腰部中弹了!她流了很多血!She's been hit through the side! She's bleeding pretty bad! 和我待在一起!你和我待在一起!Stay with me! You stay with me!听著我说话!你听我说话!叫我的名字!You keep listening to me! You keeplistening to me! Say my name!哦,该死! 你会好起来的,有我在- Oh, shit! - You're gonna be OK. I got you.快带我们离开这儿!Get us the fuck out of here!我们会带你离开这儿的,好吗?只要和我在一起!We're gonna get you out of here, OK? Just stay with me! -我♥操♥！ -天啊！- Fuck! - Jesus!别走..不要走！玛丽安！Don't you go... Don't you go anywhere! Miriam!我♥操♥！Fuck!玛丽安！Miriam!建立防线Defensive positions!嘿，你们先救她，好吗？Hey, you have to help her first, OK?联络救护，准备两台紧急手术！Call for medevac! Two urgent surgicals!我们走！来吧！Let's go! Come on!你们是哪儿的？ -格鲁吉亚！联军！- Where are you guys from? - Georgia! Coalition forces!小心！火箭弹 12点钟方向！Look out! RPG at 12 o'clock!（米-24「雌鹿」武装直升机）它曾救过我的命This saved my life once.洛杉矶一年后Los Angeles - One year later这些天'These days,（衝突地区的暴♥力♥行为不断升级）'violence in the conflict zone has continued to escalate,（已经明显威胁到我地区的和平）'and now represents a clear threat to peace in our region.（这裡是高加索地区，暴♥力♥行为会危及到每个人）'This is the Caucasus,where violence harms everyone.（我请求独♥立♥派，俄♥罗♥斯♥联邦）'I plead to the separatists,the Russian Federation,（与格鲁吉亚人♥民♥）'and the people of Georgia,（重新坐下来谈判）'let's return to the negotiating table.（刚刚是格鲁吉亚总统萨卡什维利的讲话）'That was Georgian President, Mikheil Saakashvili,（他正在努力拉近格鲁吉亚和西方国家的关係）'who is struggling to move his country closer to the West.（这个前苏联成员国曾向伊♥拉♥克♥和阿富汗派兵）'This former Soviet republic has already sent troops（支持北约在该地区的行动）'to assist NATO's missions in Iraq and Afghanistan,（并希望成为北约和欧盟的正式成员国）'and would like full membership in both NATO and the EU.（苏联解体后，俄♥罗♥斯♥仍然希望重新控制）'Not surprisingly, Georgia's aspiration to integrate with the West（它所失去的领土，这显然与格鲁吉亚）'is in direct conflict with Russia's desire to regain influence（与西方联盟的意愿相衝突）'over territory lost in the break-up of the Soviet Union,（俄♥罗♥斯♥领导人弗拉基米尔.普♥京♥认为）'which according to Russia's leader, Vladimir Putin,（苏联的解体是20世纪地缘政♥治♥上的最大灾难）'was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century.'那麽，怎麽样？So, what's going on?这整个地方要消失了，伙计，一个人都没有'This place is about to blow, man. There's no one here.除了我，佐伊和斯蒂尔顿，格鲁吉亚已经没人了'There's no one in Georgia,but me Zoe and Stilton.今天还有辆警车被烧'Just today there was a police truck, got lit up.有人在边界对维护部队开火'The peacekeepers have come under fire on the border.'哦，那条边界是..Whoa. That's the border...与南奥塞梯的共治边界'The administrative border with South Ossetia.那两个要搞分♥裂♥的省份之一，后台是俄♥罗♥斯♥ 'Lt's one of two breakaway provinces backed by the Russians.90年代初战争爆发以来'Both sides have had peacekeepers here双方都有维护部队驻扎在那裡'since war broke out here in the early 90s.'保险公♥司♥不愿意给我承保.我不去了No one'll fucking insure me.I can't.从伊♥拉♥克♥回来后我就落下了坏名声I got a special reputation after Iraq and...确实，我以前太胡作非为了Apparently,I was a loose cannon before.-你确实很胡作非为 -谢谢- 'You are a loose cannon.' - Thanks.听著，我不关心你怎麽做'Listen, I don't care what you do.去找个医生给你开证明，赶紧过来'Get onto a doc, get your papers and get over here.'我知道赛伯延早就想行动了I know Sebastian's ready to rock and roll.我会给你跳舞的'I will dance for you!'（达奇曼已退出通话）格鲁吉亚首都第比利斯 - 2008年8月6日Tbilisi, Georgia - August 6, 2008这看起来不错啊It looks nice.在被战争摧毁之前，大部分地方都不错Then again most places do before war tears 'em up.但最后都回变成一个样，世界连眼都不带眨的In the end they all look the same.And the world barely blinks.这就是我错过的There's that cheer I was missing我只是实话实说罢了I'm just laying out the facts.五大洲都要有种族屠♥杀♥了There could be genocides on five continents,人们却全不在乎people don't give a fuck.到时候上帝都不会派人救他们God forbid their cable goes out, though.那麽俄♥罗♥斯♥干嘛来这裡凑热闹？So what's Russia's big beef here, then?就是不想让格鲁吉亚投靠西方？They just don't want to see this place go west?也可能是想抢这裡的输油管线It may have more to do with the oil pipeline here.这裡的油直接输向欧洲，把俄♥罗♥斯♥的饭碗给抢了It goes direct to Europe which makes the Russian pipe irrelevant.这也是在和格鲁吉亚的几个省份拔河They're also playing tug-of-war with a couple of Georgian provinces.-欢迎收看冷战续集！ -没错！- Welcome to Cold War, the sequel. - Exactly!给达奇曼打个电♥话♥？看看他们在哪儿Wanna give Dutchman a call? See where the others are at.好的Yeah.[佈雷泽报道]那边And with Wolf Blitzer,我想您应该提一下有人在向村庄炮击I think you should mention the shelling of the villages...总统阁下，您的内阁成员到了Mr President,your cabinet members are here.-要我出去吗？ -不用，请留下- Would you like me to go? - No. Please stay.先生们，你们都认识克裡斯，我的美国媒体顾问Gentlemen, you all know Chris,my US press adviser.-你好 -你好请进- Hello.- Yes, please come in.-早上好 -进来有什麽事说吧- Good morning.- Come in. Tell me news.总统先生，最新情报显示Mr President, the latest intelligence独♥立♥派是在俄♥罗♥斯♥阵地内向我们开火的indicates the separatists are firing from the Russian positions,并以他们的维护部队做掩护using their peacekeepers as shields.说明俄♥罗♥斯♥是有意与他们合作That can only mean willing cooperation.也可能是故意要激怒我们That could be another attempt to draw us into wider hostilities.-就像04年那样 -我们相信这次不一样- Just like in '04. - We believe this to be different.俄军战机和坦克正向衝突地带开进Russian fighter planes and tanks are moving towards the conflict zone.黑海的一艘俄♥罗♥斯♥战舰也在行动A Russian fleet in the Black Sea is also on the move.所以你们都认为肯定要爆发战争了？So you all believe war is certain?我们..但愿不会We... we pray not.但是奥塞梯人拒绝了我们所有的外交手段But the Ossetians, they are refusingall our efforts in diplomacy.我们的军队处于最低战备状态Our troops are at their lowest level of readiness.还有几位大臣不在国内Several ministers are also out of the country.我们并没有应急计划We have no contingency plan...把他们召回来对,召回来各位We'll call them back.Yes, call them back. Everyone.不要理会这些挑衅行为明白吗？And I want no response yet to these provocations. Understood?问题是在塔吉克斯坦要拿什麽擦屁♥股♥？The question is what do you wipe your arse with in Tajikistan?那裡根本没有卫生纸，哪儿都没有There is no toilet paper anywhere.Ever.没有报纸没有树没有树叶我又腹泻！There's no newspaper, no leaves on the trees. I had the runs!只能在草上蹭蹭了事，像一条狗I had to slide along the grass,wipe my arse like a dog.这画面可真美斯蒂尔顿That's a lovely visual, Stilton.所以我才要喝威士忌亲爱的That's why I drink whisky, my dear.它什麽都能治胃痛甚至记忆都能忘记Whatever it is, tummy bugs,even memories, this kills it.-乾杯 -乾杯- Cheers.- Cheers.哇Whoa!少喝点，好多会喝酒的喝这个都晕This stuff has put more experienced drinkers than you in a coma. 不用担心他佐伊Don't worry about this man, Zoe.他能把所有人都喝趴下这个真不在话下He can drink anyone under the table.Yours truly excepted.你在波斯尼亚真给整惨了You got pretty fucked up in Bosnia.-我？才没有！-差不多吧- Me? Never! - Most definitely.-没有！你也去过波斯尼亚？ -我说吧？- Never! You were in Bosnia, too?- See what I mean?-你当时多大? 12? - 19- What were you? 12? - 19.穿著小花裙要做什麽都容易Everything's easier in a miniskirt.经验之谈啊是吧斯蒂尔顿？Speaking from personal experience,are you, Stilton?嗯波斯尼亚真是一团糟Hmm. Bosnia's pretty fucked up.不过不如卢旺达糟糕Not as bad as Rwanda, though.家家都躲在教堂裡住著Families hacked and stacked in churches.想想要是那裡有石油，人们肯定趋之若鹜Imagine the attention that would have got if they'd had oil there. 是，战争就像个没有牙的贱女人Yeah, war is like an old toothless whore.达奇曼！-总的来说很噁心不过..- Dutchman! - Disgusting mainly. But then...偶尔...Every now and again...她莫名其妙就献给了你...she gives it to you like nobody's business.而且是特别奉献I mean, special.敬贱女人The old whore!哦是的妈咪Oh, yes, Mommy!-那麽你们有计划了吗？-我们想和裡佐联繫上- So, you guys got a... a plan yet? - We're trying to get hold of Rezo.阿瓦利亚尼上尉我在伊♥拉♥克♥的嚮导你认识吗？Captain Avaliani.You know, my guy from Iraq?想让他给我们带带路Thought he might have some leads.但我们现在只知道他的部队回去了But so far all we know is his unit's back.嗯根我说嘛我在伐利亚妮认识个人Well, let me know. I got a guy in Variani.需要的话可以让他帮你们找个嚮导He can hook you up with a guy if you need it.-你们要去哪儿？ -茨欣瓦利- Where you headed? - Tskhinvali.什麽？干嘛- What? - What?小伙子们那裡是独♥立♥派的首府啊My dear chaps,that's the separatists' capital.我只管扛著摄像机跟著他走I just go where the man tells me,and point the camera.（我不怕高）'I have no fear of heights（不怕海的深）'No fear of the deep blue sea儘管他会使我溺死'Although it could drown me我知道可能溺亡'I know it could drown me我不会在深林中'I didn't wander在树木间'In the woods沉溺于恐慌'Used to fear...'好都安排好了OK. All set.达曼奇的人午夜会在村广场附近和我们接头Dutchmars guy will meet us near the village square at midnight. 哦上帝Oh, God!干嘛要跑到这种鬼地方来？可能是我老了What do they put in this shit here?Maybe I'm just getting old.把窗户摇下来行吗？Roll down your window, will you?没用伙计你还是停车吧It's no good, mate.You're gonna have to pull over.真的？Really?都吐出去了吗？You all set? Lightweight.嗯Yeah.事实上我现在觉得有点饿了Actually, I feel kind of hungry now.-我们有零食吗？ -没有！- Have we got any snacks? - No!要是每隔5分钟都要停车让你下来吐And if we have to stop every five minutes for you to puke,我们就开不到边境了we are never making it to the border.去你的！Fuck you!-听起来像炮击 -好戏开场了Sounds like shelling.Things are heating up.进攻正在升级Attacks are growing.边境上的村庄和维护部队都遭到了袭击Both villages and peacekeepers are under fire now.这次有人员伤亡We have casualties.Dead and wounded.-我们必须还击 -我同意- We must respond.- I agree.还击的话，就开战了If we respond, we are at war.不能冒著险We cannot risk it.总统先生，我们的军队如果不还击Mr President,if our troops cannot return fire,就无法疏散伤员they cannot evacuate the wounded.我们要尽可能保持停火状态We will maintain ceasefire as long as we can.总统先生，已经可以用肉眼确认Mr President,there is visual confirmation俄军坦克正在集结准备发动进攻of Russian tanks amassing for an invasion.我今晚必须向全国和世界发表讲话I must address country and world press tonight.我认为这是个好注意总统先生I think that would be a good idea, Mr President.-好，就这麽办 -好- OK, let's do it. - OK.有特色的节目There's local colour.而且，在达奇曼的人来之前我们也有时间消遣Besides, we've got time to kill before Dutchman's guy shows up. 你现在要改行当婚礼摄影师了？Are you making wedding videos now?闭嘴Shut the fuck up.喂！Oi!别看美女了总统出来了Stop checking out the chicks.The president's coming on.（几小时之前，维和部队的指挥官告诉我们）'A few hours ago, the leaders of the peacekeeping forces（他们已经失去了）'have told us that they have lost control（对独♥立♥派行动的控制）'over the actions of the separatists.（作为回应）'In response,（我已经下令我军维持单方面停火状态）'I have ordered that our side maintain a unilateral ceasefire （以防止敌对状态升级）'to help prevent the escalation of hostilities.'快12点了Nearly midnight.达曼奇的人快来了我去上个厕所Dutchman's guy will be here soon.I'm gonna take a piss. （我们急需各国领导人的协助）'The help of the world leaders is urgently needed（来重启和谈程序）'to restart this peace process.'空的存储卡Fresh memory cards.应该是他了乔奇？我是托马斯.安德斯That must be our guide.Giorgi? Thomas Anders.-嗨 -你好- Hi. - Hello.我们得把车藏在边界至少半英里之外We have to hide the car at least half a mile from the border. 许多部队正在开进路要被封了A lot of troops are on the move,and roads are being closed. 你们挑了个穿越缓衝地带的好时机You picked a good night to cross through the buffer zone. 名天可能就过不去了It may not be possible tomorrow.-你能带我们去茨欣瓦利？ -是的非常近但是..- You can get us to Tskhinvali? - Yes, very close. But...那些是苏霍伊战斗机带著炸♥弹♥！Those are Sukhois.On a bomb run!嘿！各位！Hey! Everybody!大家找掩护！快进去！Everybody get under cover!Get inside now!-你还好吗？ -还好你流了好多血- Are you OK? OK? - I'm OK. You're bleeding really bad.-塞波延你还好吗？ -还好- Sebastian, are you OK? - Yeah.-你叫什麽？ -塔蒂亚- What's your name? - Tatia.塔蒂亚，我是安德斯能帮我一下吗？Tatia, I'm Anders. Can you help me, please?握紧Hold it up.帮我把这个撕下来当绷带行吗？I need you to rip a piece of this for a bandage, OK?索夫！那是我姐姐！Sofi! That's my sister!好去吧去吧All right. You go, you go.先生！喂！过来下！你需要握住这个Sir! Whoa! Come here! You need to hold this up.塔蒂亚！塔蒂亚！Tatia! Tatia!塔蒂亚！塔蒂亚！听我说Tatia, Tatia, listen to me.再给我块桌布我需要绷带好吗？Get me another piece of tablecloth.I need another bandage, OK? 我们得带伤员离开这裡We have to get the wounded out of here.好坐在我后面握住他的手Good. Now sit behind me. Hold her hand.告诉她会好起来的我们会带她去医院的Tell her she's gonna be OK.We're gonna get her to a hospital.我要送这一男一女去医院I need to get this woman and that man to a hospital,否则他们会有生命危险or they're not gonna make it.最近的医院在哥裡市The nearest hospital in Gori.-她受了惊吓她希望我一起去 -好的- She's scared. She wants me to come.- All right.你知道怎麽去哥裡吗？好其馀人多保重You know the way to Gori? Good. You guys, careful now.轻一点小心Careful with her. Careful.-你是美国人？ -不我只是在那儿学习- Are you American? - No. I just studied there.下个十字路口左转Turn left at the next intersection.该死的！No fucking way!不不不！我们是记者！No, no, no! Press!-好好看看！ -记者！-记者！- Use your eyes! - Press! Press!我们有人受伤了求你了让我们过去吧We got wounded people e on. Let us through.好吗？好吗？OK? OK?好非常感谢OK. Thank you very much!你父亲和姐姐会没事的他们在我们后面Your father and sister will be OK.They're behind us.我身后是哥裡市军医院This is the scene outside the Gori Military Hospital,目前这是该地区唯一诊治the only one in the area where wounded soldiers and civilians昨晚炮击中受伤的军人和平民的地方injured in last night's shelling are all being treated.（至于这次激烈对抗的原因，各方仍是争议不断）'The reasons for this outbreak of heavy fighting remain hotly disputed, （俄方声称格鲁吉亚无端挑起攻击）'with Russia claiming the Georgians attacked unprovoked.（而第比利斯政♥府♥则称他们的部队）'Whereas the government in Tbilisi claims their troops...'（攻击的坦克属于非法进入格鲁吉亚领地）...fired at Russian tanks entering illegally into Georgian territory.格鲁吉亚的主♥权♥Sovereign Georgia.双方关于此次交火升级Both sides have a dramatically...持有截然不同的论调...different account of this escalation.我是托马斯.安德斯，在格鲁吉亚This is Thomas Anders, reporting in Geor...我是托马斯.安德斯在格鲁吉亚哥裡市发回的报道This is Thomas Anders reporting in Gori, Georgia.很好OK.不错，凭这个我们都能上美国有线新闻网了Well, that might get us on CNN.我们要大显身手了我要打电♥话♥给製作人We can rock and roll that. I'm gonna call our producer.（我是迈克.斯蒂尔顿在格鲁吉亚哥裡市为您报道）'This is Michael Stilton reporting from Gori, Georgia.'真不错我得喝点水Very gory it is, too. I need a drink.卡林Karin?纽约独♥立♥新闻中心 2008年8月8日Independent News Center New York August 8, 2008-我听不见你 -我说没希望了抱歉- 'I can't hear you.' - No bites. I'm sorry.新闻都在播奥♥运♥会The networks are all covering the Olympics.今天是开幕式The opening ceremony started today.你有提过这裡爆发战争了吗？Did you mention a war started here?当然可大家只相信克里姆林宫的论断'Of course. But everyone's taking the Kremlin line.'梅德韦杰夫说是格鲁吉亚先开火的Medvedev is saying the Georgians fired first,他们的部队只是在保护公民而已and their troops are just protecting their citizens.（然后 98%住在南奥塞梯的人）'Apparently, 98 % of the people in South Ossetia（一夜之间就都成了俄♥罗♥斯♥公民）'suddenly have Russian passports.'被轰炸的村落离衝突地带还有好几英里Protecting them by cluster-bombing villages他们就这麽保护公民啊！miles outside the conflict zone!我知道安德斯我支持你可你知道这些人I know, Anders. I'm on your side.You know what these people are like. 他们根本来不及报道这场战争They barely find the time to cover the war we're in.你需要..等等You need to just... Hold on.普♥京♥正在北♥京♥接受採访Putin's on from Beijing.（一切公开透明）'There is no secret about it.（我们已考虑各种情况）'We had considered all scenarios,（包括来自格鲁吉亚政♥府♥的直接挑衅）'including direct aggression by the Georgian leadership.（我们必须事先考虑清楚）'We had to think beforehand about how to provide（如何保护维和部队以及俄♥罗♥斯♥公民）'for the security of our peacekeepers and of Russian citizens（即南奥塞梯居民的安全）'who are residents of South Ossetia.（我们愿与周边睦邻及所有盟国合作）'We want to cooperate with all our neighbours, with all of our partners. （如果任何人认为可以侵犯我们）'If anyone thinks they can come and kill us,（认为我们的土地已丧失生机）'that our place is at the cemetery,（他们必须想清楚这将会有什麽后果）'they should think what consequences such a policy will have for them.' 怎麽样？What?我倒好奇接下来会怎麽样！I said I wonder what that will look like!-是的 -（等下这就完了）- Yeah. - 'Wait. That's it?'那格鲁吉亚呢？没人有疑问吗？Where's the Georgian side? No questions even?真难以置信！卡林？Fucking unbelievable! Karin?新闻想要更平民化的报道？The networks want something more personal?嘿！塔蒂亚！嘿！大家都还好吗？Hey, Tatia! Hey, hey! Everyone make it out OK?我联繫不上索夫和我爸爸I can't reach Sofi or my father.电♥话♥在伐利亚用不了The phones are not working in Variani.-听著 -我觉得 -嘿- Look, I mean... - Hey.你得休息下来吧到外面透透气I think you need to take e on. Let's get some air.谢谢你Thank you.-那麽，你在美国念过书？ -是的- So, you studied in the States? - Yeah.哪裡？Where?纽约政♥治♥学New York. Political science.曾经想过留在那，但还是回来教书了Thought about staying,but came back here to teach.这是什麽？现场採访？What is this? An interview now?好吧OK.美军现在在哪儿？Where's the US?打伊♥拉♥克♥的时候我们派了部队,现在你们却躲起来了We were there for you with Iraq,and you're nowhere to be seen.不..我不同意你的看法No. I... I agree with you.军队封路之前我姨妈和我姨夫侥倖逃脱了My aunt and her husband got out OK before the army closed the roads.她说其他人都去了附近的村庄避难，所以..She said everybody else had to go to nearby villages for shelter, so...我得回去找他们I gotta get back up there.-我们也要回北方 -真的？- We're going back north.- Really?谢谢你们请客Thanks for the offer.我要去找我姨妈和我表姐I'm gonna go to my cousirs and see my aunt.以后电♥话♥联繫我们Call us later.安德斯怎麽了Anders,What the hell was that?我说真的伙计下次先问问我可以吗？Seriously, man, you mind fucking consulting me next time?我不希望他回北方为了她好I don't want her coming north.For her own good.我们需要她她也需要我们We need her. She needs us.这正是新闻界需要的故事This is exactly the kind of story the networks care about.离散的家人相逢重聚Missing family, reunion.我不想一路上保护人I don't want someone along I gotta protect.怎麽你现在要树立良好声誉了？What, you believe in your own reputation now?为什麽？因为玛丽安？乔奇？Why? Because of Miriam? Giorgi?嘿我跟你讲Hey, check out this living hotness.我看你就是人身保险的最佳承保对像You've been the best life insurance policy I ever got.你同样是个疯狂的傢伙但每次都能平安而返You are also a crazy motherfucker,but we always come out OK. 这就是我要的And that's the way I like it.我不想把事情搞複杂搞纠结就这样I don't want complications and entanglements.塔蒂亚不是玛丽安Tatia is not Miriam.安德斯你得放下她了Anders, you've gotta let that go.我们来是为报道战争的We came here to cover a war.如果我们没有故事就永远没人知道这一切If we don't get a story,this will all unfold unseen.对吗？好的Yeah? OK.你觉得这有用吗？You really think this is gonna work?这点事对她来说小菜一碟I've seen her work bigger miracles.谢谢你这样好吗？Thank you. You know what?我把我的电♥话♥留给你好吗？I'm going to write you down my numbers, OK?谢谢再会了Thank you. See you guys.那麽伙计们任务完成So, guys, mission accomplished.他会和阿瓦利亚尼的部队取得联繫He's gonna get in touch with Avaliani's unit.他们正要往那边走They're headed this way.你们可以和他们一同前去之后离目的地也不远了You're gonna need to ride with them,or you won't get far.主要道路仍在封锁中每隔1英里左右就有检查点The main roads are still shut down.Checkpoints every single mile or so. 你太让人惊讶了You're amazing!你知道他们说的什麽穿著小花裙要做什麽都容易You know what they say.Everything's easier in a miniskirt.听说昨晚你们逃过一劫持对不起Heard you guys had a rough night last night. Sorry.你去哪裡了？Where did you end up?斯蒂尔顿派我去首都搞一些..政♥府♥之类的Stilton sent me to the capital to get some... government shit.我刚走20秒，俄军就轰炸了20 seconds away from the Russians这以外20公里的那条机场跑道bombing an airstrip 20 clicks from here.有时候那没牙的贱女人还真有点..Sometimes that toothless whore is...无情...unkind.给我现金Give me the cash!我叫塞柏延.甘兹My name's Sebastian Ganz.我要找裡佐.阿瓦利亚尼上尉I'm trying to get a hold of Captain Rezo Avaliani.高居于山娱乐至死Up in the mountains. Entertain us all.就像一个疯狂的圣诞老人Like a crazy sexy Santa Claus.听著我只想说谢谢你们带我回到北边Listen, I just wanted to say thank you for taking me up north.还有对之前跟你发脾气表示歉意And I'm sorry I snapped at you earlier.全是因为这些..真的很冷酷It's just this is all... really hard.索芙的婚礼本可以给我们所有人一个新的开始Sofi's wedding was supposed to be a new beginning for all of us.你什麽意思？What do you mean?我爸爸和我一直相处得不太好My father and I have never really gotten along,我去美国读书也是其中的原因之一and my going to America was just one of many things.他的祖籍是奥塞梯His side of the family is Ossetian,我们在政♥治♥上..有太多的衝突and we've had...more fights about politics多得我都记不清了than I care to remember.不听著我们要去伐利亚尼No, listen, we're trying to get to Variani,我想也许我们有幸可以搭你们的车and we wondered if we might be able to hitch a ride along with you guys. 我们有好几年没说过话了We haven't spoken to each other in years.你的家人怎麽样？他们肯定很担心你How about your family? They must be worried sick.不，不会，我没有家人No, no. I don't have one.对不起Sorry.好了终于和阿瓦利亚联繫上了OK. Finally connected with Avaliani.他的车队会在拂晓时经过这裡His convoy will pass here at first light,我们可以先搭他们的车等离伐利亚尼1英里的时候and we can ride with them to about a mile from Variani.再下车自己想办法过去But then we're on our own.太好了谢谢你你们大家Great. Thank you. Both of you.嘿伙计们！总统回来了！Hey, guys! The president's back on!（我的公民们各国领导们）'My fellow citizens and world leaders.。
苏联解体的原因有哪些_苏联解体的历程苏联解体是指20世纪90年代初苏联共产党失去执政地位及由15个加盟共和国组成的苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟的瓦解的事件。
下面一起来看看小编为大家整理的苏联解体的原因，欢迎阅读，仅供参考。
苏联解体的原因1、体制僵化、经济衰退是根本性的原因。
十月革命的胜利，不一定像过去苏联教科书所说“开辟了人类历史的新纪元”，但是也绝不是一次普通的朝廷更替或政权转手，它的世界意义在于，在经济文化落后的国家开辟了一条非资本主义现代化道路的尝试。
在苏联，这一伟大的社会实验曾经取得过辉煌。
但最后以失败而告终。
史称“斯大林模式”的政治、经济、文化体制，是一种高度集中和集权的体制。
这种体制，为应对国内外紧张局势，能集中一切人力、财力、物力，适应备战和应战的需要，取得工业化和增强国防实力的显著成果，在短短十多年时间里使苏联成为欧洲第一、世界第二的强国。
然而这种体制严重背离现代经济的发展规律，压抑了地方、企业和劳动者的积极性，加上它在政治上无情地消灭各种反对派和压制持不同政见的知识分子，以及意识形态方面的严密控制，使整个社会处于僵化、封闭和麻木的状态。
第二次世界大战以后，随着时代主题逐渐向着和平与发展转移，这种体制使经济发展缓慢，国民经济发展比例失调更加严重，制度性的弊端进一步凸现。
显然，这种体制不但不能完成把俄国建成现代化民主国家的历史性任务，反而使俄国在同资本主义的世界性竞争中处于弱势地位。
2、领导人因素是不容忽视的重要原因1985年3月戈尔巴乔夫出任苏共中央，他所面对的是一个动荡的世界和困难重重的国内环境。
这就决定了戈尔巴乔夫受命之时，必须实行改革，以挽救这艘航船危亡的命运。
可是，这名“船长”很不称职，缺乏一个大国领导人应有的胆略和能力，面对种种困难和压力，他仓促应对，在领导改革中出现种种失误和错误的导向，致使整个国家迷失方向，危机骤增，秩序失控。
在此危急关头，戈尔巴乔夫又只顾自己的得失，在复杂的政治较量中节节败退，主动放弃阵地，提出改革要从根本上“改造整个社会主义大厦”，改革的目的“是要使社会有质的更新”，就是要对经济基础和上层建筑进行全面改造，改革的含义已经不是自我完善而是根本变更现存制度。
建构、重建与解构：从概念史视角看苏联解体K·彼得罗夫2013-1-12 13:48:44 来源：《俄罗斯研究》2011年第6期【内容提要】以科塞雷克（Reinhart Koselleck）的概念史为指导，通过概念性的术语来分析苏联解体，可以得出很多与众不同的结论。
改革、公开性、改良、革命、社会主义多元化以及加速等一系列概念，在苏联解体过程中都曾扮演了工具性的角色。
将语义学和语用学置于知识分子和政治背景之下，研究者就能够以概念为视角来解释事件的进展，那种认为改革政策只是某种陈词滥调的一般性观念毫无意义。
【关键词】概念史改革公开性社会主义多元化意识形态【中图分类号】K512.56【文章标识】A【文章编号】1009-721X(2011)06-0046-(25)绪论苏联解体已经被经济、政治、意识形态、民族、社会和文化因素等诸多不同的方法进行过解释。
我并不打算发展或是修正这些方法，也无意呈现总括的综合分析。
我的目的是希望完成苏联解体这幅宏图，并证明概念史观点的普遍适用性。
[1]我认为，本文原发表于Studies in East European Thought 杂志2008年第3期。
经作者本人及该刊授权由《俄罗斯研究》予以独家中文发表。
感谢华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院周保巍副教授的推荐。
遵循我刊编辑标准，译者及责任编辑特将转写为对应英文字母的俄文书刊名称恢复原状。
特别感谢华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心博士候选人娜丝佳的帮助。
这些尝试——其中一部分只是试验性的研究——意在确定关键性的政治概念是如何适应特定环境的，以及其如何能释放出新的可能性（及局限性）。
我的方法更进一步，我希望突出这些已经消亡的概念，以及它们在埋葬自身所处坏境中所扮演的角色。
从概念史角度复原苏联解体，能够阐明事件的进程，是展现社会矛盾和意识形态冲突的基本要素。
本文将通过关注通常被视为空泛模糊的概念，证明那些认为改革政策修辞是陈词滥调或是委婉说法的普通观念是错误的。
