英语国家概况期末复习2
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实用文档 人物与历史文献US
茶税法Tea Act
《巴 1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约黎条约》,该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立,停止敌对行为,但仅承认美 国占领密西西比河以东的土地。(Philadelphia)费城第二次大陆会议 (The
Second Continental Congress)
召开: commander in Continental Army George Washington 乔治·华盛顿?),通称The Constitution of the United States?美利坚合众国宪法?( )?美国宪法?(U.S. Constitution 1787年宪法美国联邦宪法?或:
Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊 The Declaration of Independence ?独立宣言?:
亚伯拉罕·林肯Abraham Lincoln ?the Emancipation Proclamation 解放黑人奴隶宣言? Homestead Act ?宅地法? Gettysburg Address ?葛底斯堡演说?罗斯福新富兰克林·: The New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt德拉诺·罗斯福 政年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策,其核心是1933),因此有时也被)和改革(Reform:救济(三个RReliefRecovery)、复兴( R新政。称为三 ?农业调整法Agricultural Adjustment Act ? ?National
Industrial Recovery Act ?全国工业复兴法 ??社会保障法 (Martin Luther
King) 马丁.路德.金恩民权运动 Civil Rights Movement
我有一个梦想 (I Have a Dream)
Harry Truman哈瑞.杜鲁门:
实用文档 The Truman Doctrine
杜鲁门主义European Recovery ), 也称为欧洲复兴计划马歇尔计划(The
Marshall PlanProgram
Reagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划 Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件 尼克松Nixon: Watergate Scandals 水门事件: Zippergate Scandal 克林顿Bill Clinton
UK
King John 国王约翰?:Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年?大宪章from raising money personal power in limits to impose legal on the King's
his subjects
: The Petition of Right 1628?权力请愿书?年 页Charles 查理一世 第29
页第权利法案? :Bill of Rights 32? 32页The treaty of Paris 1763年 第
概念搭配UK
Constitution
、1powers the lays down of set rules and conventions that constitution
A is a
and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each
other.
The cabinet
2、with associated is often government, decision-making The major body
in the
the office of the Prime Minister.
)
法院,仲裁机构Tribunal (3、A more informal and less expensive alternative
to civil and criminal
courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.
(英国上议院的)大法官、4The Lord Chancellor
实用文档 and England 司法部,法院of the judiciary ()in The Lord Chancellor is
head
Wales.
The social security system
、5financial in standard of living for people It is designed to secure
a basic
need from the cradle to the grave.
US
)
国会1、Congress (Senate made up of the of The legislative branch the
federal government ,is
and the House of Representative.
The Supreme Court
2、Consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.
问答题 英国部分Unit 3 P41
1. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in
British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the
英国历史上不同时期主British culture, or what impacts have they had?
P13
要的外国侵略者?及对英国的文化贡献或影响?Latin Words of Hadrian's Wall
帝(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大(55BC)
origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census
took root locally. Christianity spread
s] ?人口普查 ['sensk? developed the Heptarchy, ['hept(2)Germanic
tribesmen 日耳曼人ɑ established Old English
七王国;七头统治;七国连盟] ?(3)Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁-撒克逊 Christianity gained hold in Britain
(4) Normans 诺曼人 made Norman feudalism封建主义;封建制度
['fju?d?l?z(?)m]
2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in
England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,liz?'bi:θ?n]
伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['??r?] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景?伊丽莎白一世见证的成就?P28
In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance,
but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚
Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;
Reducing the power of the old nobility;
Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;
Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English
Renaissance)
3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences
实用文档
of the war?英国内战如何爆发?结果如何?P29
The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and
the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym,
Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so.
So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and
north districts. Thus the Civil War began.
Consequences: The King Charles's arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded.
In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a
Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government,
and England was declared a Commonwealth.
Unit 4 P50
4. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点?P43
(1)Constitutional monarchy ['m?n?k?] 君主立宪制
(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['s?vr?nt?] 议会至上
(3)Representative democracy 代议民主
(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞
5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process
work?议会的功能是什么?法律制定工作是如何运行的?P44
(1)To legislate立法
(2)To vote the taxation 征税 and expenditures [?k'sp?nd?t??] 支出of the