写作SCI

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Scientific WritingGeneral approach

Lena Qiying MaProfessorBiogeochemistry of Trace Metals

Soil and Water Science DepartmentUniversity of FloridaWhySuccessThe key to success is communication

Transferable skillsUses ~80% after graduationLack of training

Chinese scientists publish in almost all international journalsA scientific paper 1.Title2.Abstract3.Introduction4.Methods5.Results6.Discussions7.Conclusions8.Acknowledgement9.ReferencesTitleFewest words to describe the contentAvoidA study ofInvestigations of

Observations onInclude

A particular species A region

www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlTitleStatement of the question or problem

How smoking affects students’ grade?How air quality in Nanjing affects public health?

Specific enough to describe the contents or

subject matter but not too technical

Effect of smoking on academic performanceEffect of air quality in Nanjing on public health

Summarizing the results can be effective

Students who smoke get lower gradesAir quality in Nanjing adversely impacts public health

www.biochem.arizona.edu/marc/sci-writing.pdfAbstractShort summary of the paper1.Purpose2.Methods3.Results4.Conclusions

Include likely “searchwords”

Less technicalthan the articleDon't use abbreviations or citations

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlA shortened version of a paperMost read section of a paperContain all information necessary for the reader to determine:

The objectives of the study-Introduction;How the study was done-Methods;What results were obtained-Results & Discussions;

The significance of the results-Conclusion.

Write the abstract last

Abstract

http://classweb.gmu.edu/biologyresources/ writingguide/scientificpaper.htmIntroduction

Provide Background informationSignificance of the problem

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlIntroductionIntroductionDiscuss how the data will add knowledge to the fieldWhat specific questions you tried to address

Don’t introduce literature in general terms:

need to be informative

Why is this study of scientific interest and

what is your objective

Move from general to specificinformation

The last sentencesshould be a statement of

objectives and a statement of hypotheses

owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/03/web.archive.org/web/20011127041109/www.hms.harvard.edu/fdd/comm/index.htmlMethodsReport what you did to repeatthe findings

No laundry listAssume readers have the same basic skills

Target graduate studentsLast paragraphprovides statistical tests used

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/03/Focus onDescribe the results in sufficient details to establish their validity

Identify the novelaspects of the results

What is new and what makes it non-obvious; Identify the significanceof the results

Implicated improvements and impact.

Things to avoid

Do not include the same data in a table and a figureToo much motivational materialDescribe obvious resultsDescribe unnecessary details

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-style.html

ResultsGeneral approachBriefly describe experiment without detailsA sentence or twoReport mainresults

Representative: most commonBest case: best example of ideal or exception

Order multiple results logically

Most to least importantSimple to complexOrgan by organ, chemical class by chemical classChronologicalSpatial

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/marc/sci-writing.pdf

Resultshttp://web.archive.org/web/20010620075413/www.hms.harvard.edu/fdd/comm/two.html