写作SCI
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Scientific WritingGeneral approach
Lena Qiying MaProfessorBiogeochemistry of Trace Metals
Soil and Water Science DepartmentUniversity of FloridaWhySuccessThe key to success is communication
Transferable skillsUses ~80% after graduationLack of training
Chinese scientists publish in almost all international journalsA scientific paper 1.Title2.Abstract3.Introduction4.Methods5.Results6.Discussions7.Conclusions8.Acknowledgement9.ReferencesTitleFewest words to describe the contentAvoidA study ofInvestigations of
Observations onInclude
A particular species A region
www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlTitleStatement of the question or problem
How smoking affects students’ grade?How air quality in Nanjing affects public health?
Specific enough to describe the contents or
subject matter but not too technical
Effect of smoking on academic performanceEffect of air quality in Nanjing on public health
Summarizing the results can be effective
Students who smoke get lower gradesAir quality in Nanjing adversely impacts public health
www.biochem.arizona.edu/marc/sci-writing.pdfAbstractShort summary of the paper1.Purpose2.Methods3.Results4.Conclusions
Include likely “searchwords”
Less technicalthan the articleDon't use abbreviations or citations
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlA shortened version of a paperMost read section of a paperContain all information necessary for the reader to determine:
The objectives of the study-Introduction;How the study was done-Methods;What results were obtained-Results & Discussions;
The significance of the results-Conclusion.
Write the abstract last
Abstract
http://classweb.gmu.edu/biologyresources/ writingguide/scientificpaper.htmIntroduction
Provide Background informationSignificance of the problem
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/ug/research/paper.htmlIntroductionIntroductionDiscuss how the data will add knowledge to the fieldWhat specific questions you tried to address
Don’t introduce literature in general terms:
need to be informative
Why is this study of scientific interest and
what is your objective
Move from general to specificinformation
The last sentencesshould be a statement of
objectives and a statement of hypotheses
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/03/web.archive.org/web/20011127041109/www.hms.harvard.edu/fdd/comm/index.htmlMethodsReport what you did to repeatthe findings
No laundry listAssume readers have the same basic skills
Target graduate studentsLast paragraphprovides statistical tests used
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/03/Focus onDescribe the results in sufficient details to establish their validity
Identify the novelaspects of the results
What is new and what makes it non-obvious; Identify the significanceof the results
Implicated improvements and impact.
Things to avoid
Do not include the same data in a table and a figureToo much motivational materialDescribe obvious resultsDescribe unnecessary details
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-style.html
ResultsGeneral approachBriefly describe experiment without detailsA sentence or twoReport mainresults
Representative: most commonBest case: best example of ideal or exception
Order multiple results logically
Most to least importantSimple to complexOrgan by organ, chemical class by chemical classChronologicalSpatial
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/marc/sci-writing.pdf
Resultshttp://web.archive.org/web/20010620075413/www.hms.harvard.edu/fdd/comm/two.html