英语教学法复习资料

英语教学法名词解释

1.structural view about language：The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax). Each language has a finite number of such structural items. To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language. When this structural view of language was combined with the stimulus-response principles of behaviouristic psychology, the audiolingual approach to language learning emerged.

2.functional view about language：In the 1960s, British linguists developed a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner and proposed a syllabus based on communicative functions. The functional view no only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing, etc. Therefore, learners learn a language in order to be able to do things with it. In order to perform functions, learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions. Examples of notions are the concept of present, past& future time, the expressions of certainty and

possibility, the roles of agents, instruments within a sentence, and special relationships between people and objects.

3.Linguistic competence: Linguistic competence ‘is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning'. More specifically, it involves spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammatical structure, sentence structure, and semantics. Hedge emphasises that linguistic competence is an integral part of communicative competence and it is wrong to think that communicative language teaching does not aim for high standard of linguistic correctness.

4.Pragmatic competence: Pragmatic competence is concerned with the appropriate use of the language in social context. That is to say, the choice of the vocabulary and structure depends on the setting, the relative status of the speakers, and their relationships. The above tasks have illustrated this point. In Hymes's words, to know ‘when to speak, when not, what to talk about with whom, when, where and in what manner"

5. Discourse competence: Discourse competence refers to one's ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them. In other words, it is one’s ability to express or to understand a topic logically and coherently by effectively employing or comprehending the cohesive markers used in the discourse such as: ‘by