2010年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题AGENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATESTUDENTS(GETJAN0310)PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Nancy shouldn't be too busy.B. Nancy should take a break from her work.C. Nancy must be under great pressure.D. Nancy must feel depressed.2. A. After class.B. The next day.C. Tonight.D. When the woman gets to the bus stop.3. A. Because her grandmother was ill.B. Because it was too late for her to go to the party.C. Because she went to her grandmother's party.D. Because she went to visit her doctor.4. A. She expected to have a better time with Sammy.B. She didn't get along well with Sammy.C. She was very happy together with Sammy.D. She wouldn't go out with Sammy again.5. A. His wife is waiting for him at home.B. His wife is angry today.C. His wife is not home today.D. His wife is sick today.6. A. The man can make a random decision.B. The man should decide later.C. The man should forget about it.D. The man doesn't have to be so serious.7. A. He has won a big lottery.B. He has passed an oral examination.C. He is going to get his driving license.D. He has been relieved from a big burden.8. A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. D. 25 dollars.9. A. The woman can only take some useful courses which are still open.B. The woman will have to wait till the next week to take useful courses.C. The woman will have to go to the registration building herself.D. It's nothing because many students forget to register on time. Section BDirections:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Because she likes old programs on TV.B. Because she was very bored.C. Because she had missed the program earlier.D. Because she doesn't like outdoor activities.11. A. Because she doesn't feel like going out today.B. Because she is very busy today.C. Because she has to meet her parents for dinner today.D. Because she doesn't like the man.12. A. To go to a live outdoor concert.B. To have a picnic for lunch.C. To check out activities by the river.D. To go fishing in the river.Mini-talk Two13. A. Because the small diamonds in the old setting are of different color.B. Because the setting has been damaged.C. Because they want people to see it in its natural beauty.D. Because the style of the setting is too old.14. A. In India. B. In France. C. In England. D. In the U.S..15. A. Over 100 carats. B. 67 carats.C. 60 carats.D. 45 carats.Section CDirections:In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. In this age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are ______.17. According to a survey conducted by Prof. Graham, about 90% of teachers teach handwriting in ______.18. In today's thinking ______ are better for the practice of handwriting.19. Handwriting involves two skills:One is legibility, which means forming the letters so ______.20. According to Prof. Graham, most of the writing done in school is ______.PART ⅡVOCABULARYSection ADirections:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Those prisoners at concentration camps were exhausted from a chronic lack of food.A. recentB. acuteC. constantD. severe22. A winner achieves his goal without hurting others or compromising his beliefs and convictions.A. changingB. endangeringC. submittingD. composing23. Failure is the direct result of poor self-esteem and the anticipation of failure.A. eliminationB. designationC. elevationD. expectation24. The government's full public disclosure of the decision only swelled the chorus of protests.A. checkedB. diminishedC. intensifiedD. retrieved25. Their house was in close proximity to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community26. Residents in big cities in China tend to dispose of some old furniture when moving.A. get possession ofB. get rid ofC. hold on toD. keep track of27. This is a love that sprang up from friendship and blossomed into marriage.A. divergedB. separatedC. distinguishedD. originated28. This hard-working couple was able to put their two sons through college on their own.A. by their own effortsB. in their own wayC. in their own interestsD. in their own light29. Obama's high-profile failure to win the Olympics for Chicago could feed negative narratives nipping at his heels.A. attitudesB. accountsC. impactsD. responses30. Individual goals have to fit in with the family or business goals as a whole.A. be converted intoB. be superior toC. be in accord withD. be different fromSection BDirections:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. I often wonder why some people won't do what it ______ to be successful.A. involvesB. meansC. takesD. likes32. The short story about the missing personnel during the civil war was adapted into a (n) ______ movie.A. winning-awardB. award-winningC. won-awardD. award-won33. A person can explain his professional goals ______ position, prestige or income.A. in terms ofB. in case ofC. in view ofD. in honor of34. Fear is the most destructive force in the world, for it ______ motivation and creativity.A. clutchesB. cripplesC. compelsD. conceives35. There is some reason for not giving up my career and ______ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on36. Finally she decided to do something ______ the thing she disliked ______ herself.A. with...inB. about...forC. about...aboutD. for...by37. The self-image controls a person's attitudes or ______ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations38. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to ______ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate39. If you don't know where you're going in life, you are ______ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable40. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that ______.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculatesPART ⅢCLOZE TESTDirections:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knew--that a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis.Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a (41) situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a (42) calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and (43) offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water group's anxiety levels soared (44) 25 percent compared to before the task, (45) the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety---despite the difficult test, they were more relaxed than when they started.According to a survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons (46) tea in a dilemma, making it the nation's most common response to trouble of (47) kind. About 60 percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. "The (48) of making and drinking tea--particularly during times of stress---is at the very (49) of British culture," Cross said.This study shows that the social psychological (50) of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.41. A. light-hearted B. serious C. comfortable D. stressful42. A. significant B. rigorous C. severe D. selective43. A. previously B. afterwards C. besides D. lately44. A. on B. in C. by D. at45. A. while B. however C. meanwhile D. nevertheless46. A. give up B. owe to C. look on D. turn to47. A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. whoever48. A. ceremony B. function C. ritual D. observance49. A. beginning B. moment C. end D. core50. A. aspects B. faces C. sites D. waysPART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSIONDirections:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneFrom the goose that laid the golden egg to the race between the tortoise and the hare, Aesop's fables are known for teaching moral lessons rather than literally being true. But a new study says at least one such tale might really have happened.It's the fable about a thirsty crow. The bird comes across a jar with the water level too low for him to reach. The crow raises the water level by dropping stones into the jar. The moral tells: Little by little does the trick, or in other retellings, necessity is the mother of invention.Now, scientists report that some relatives of crows called rooks used the same stone-dropping strategy to get at a floating worm. Results of experiments with three birds were published online by the journal Current Biology.Rooks, like crows, had already been shown to use tools in previous experiments. Christopher Bird of Cambridge University and a colleague exposed the rooks to a 6-inch-tall clear plastic tube containing water, with a worm on its surface. The birds used the stone-dropping trick spontaneously and appeared to estimate how many stones they would need. They learned quickly that larger stones work better.In an accompanying commentary, Alex Taylor and Russell Gray of the University of Auckland in New Zealand noted that in an earlier experiment, the same birds had dropped a single stone into a tube to get food released at the bottom. So maybe they were just following that strategy again when they saw the tube in the new experiment, the scientists suggested. But Bird's paper argued there's more to it: The rooks dropped multiple stones rather than just one before reachingfor the worm, and they reached for it at the top of the tube rather than trying to reach the food at the bottom.The researchers also said Aesop's crow might have actually been a rook, since both kinds of birds were called crows in the past.51. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Animals are smarter than we have expected.B. Aesop's fables tell real morals.C. Necessity is the mother of invention.D. Some of Aesop's fables may be true.52. Aesop's fables have been popular for such a long time because they ______.A. tell us the truth of natureB. tell us interesting stories of animalsC. are teachings of lifeD. are scientific literature53. In the experiments, in order to eat the worm floating on the water surface, the rooks ______.A. found a way to raise the water levelB. broke the tube with larger stonesC. counted how many stones they would needD. cooperated peacefully54. According to Alex Taylor and Russell Gray, it seems that rooks______.A. tend to follow the others' strategyB. can remember their former strategyC. can change strategy in different situationsD. seldom use the same strategy in experiments55. According to the passage, crows and rooks ______.A. are the same kind of birds with different namesB. are very different in behaviorC. had the same name in the pastD. were both used in the experiments56. The word "spontaneously" (Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to "______".A. surelyB. naturallyC. voluntarilyD. quicklyPassage TwoToo much eating. Too many unhealthy foods. Too many advertisementsfor food. Too little activity.Different explanations are offered for America's weight problem--a problem increasingly shared by other countries. Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight.Schools have been urged to increase physical education, an important tool for public health. And many have. Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in physical education class. Injuries increased 150% between 1997 and 2007.he study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments. Only 2% were serious. The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase, but they have some theories.Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied. For example, a 2004 study showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines. Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital.Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education. This "New PE." expands the kinds of sports that are taught. But activities that some schools offer now, like rock climbing walls and skateboarding, can also expand the risks, says Cheryl Richardson. She is with the NationalAssociation for Sport and Physical Education. Also, she says not all states require P.E. teachers to be specially trained. Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions.Cheryl Richardson also points to one of the study's findings--that injuries are often the result of contact with a person or a structure. This tells her that the teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely.Six activities produced 70% of all injuries: running, basketball, football, volleyball, soccer and gymnastics.The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reasonfor the increase in injuries. Larger classes can mean less supervision. The National Association for Sport and PhysicalEducation says 20 to 30 students in a PE. class should be the limit.57. Overweight problem is ______.A. not common outside the United States of AmericaB. also a headache in other countriesC. caused by too many advertisements for foodD. neglected in many countries58. The increase of physical education ______.A. has reduced the number of overweight childrenB. is the major cause of injuries of children in the U.S.C. has more disadvantages than advantagesD. has caused more injuries in school59. It is implied in Lara McKenzie's study that ______.A. in the past some injuries were treated in schoolB. school nurses are now more irresponsibleC. students don't have enough space to move around in schoolD. schools lack funds in hiring school nurses60. Which of the following is NOT included in the reasons for more injuries?A. More dangerous activities.B. Less specially trained teachers.C. Less supervision.D. More unhealthy food.61. Which of the following activities has caused more injuries?A. Rock climbing.B. Skateboarding.C. Soccer.D. Swimming.62. According to the researchers, the injury problem could be less serious if ______.A. a P.E. class had fewer studentsB. schools reduced the P.E. classesC. schools reduced the outdoor activitiesD. personal contacts were avoidedPassage ThreeThe human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today,innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy (动能), which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person's full participation. But a growing field istapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person's workout may not be much, but 100 peoplecould contribute significantly to a facility's power needs.That's the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines like stationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym's needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. "By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we'll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year," says the gym's owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren't the first to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels. Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam's new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers' steps. For now, it's just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.63. Using human body energy as power supplies ______.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular64. Paragraph 3 mainly describes ______.A. the contribution of body energy to power needsB. the theory behind the use of body energyC. the different ways of putting body energy to workD. the latest device turning body energy into power65. It can be learned that the Green Microgym ______.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world66. Adam Boesel would describe the body energy use in his gym as______.A. surprisingly advancedB. far from satisfactoryC. considerably helpfulD. truly irreplaceable67. What is the author's most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.68. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Regular physical exercise can produce additional benefits.B. The human body can be the source of alternative energy.C. Innovations using body energy may solve the energy problem.D. We are working hard to bring the human potential into full play. Passage FourSevere climate change was the main driver behind the birth of civilisation, a scientist said yesterday. An increase in harsh, arid conditions across the globe around 5,000 years ago forced people to start living in stable communities around remaining water sources. "We can certainly say that the earliest civilisations arose on the backdrop of increasing dryness, which are driven by natural, global-scale changes in climate," said Nick Brooks of the University of East Anglia. "The cultural transitions track changes in environmental conditions quite closely."Dr. Brooks said his research turned traditional ideas of how the world's first civilisations started--such as those in Egypt, China, the Indus Valley region and South America---on their head. Many anthropologists think that civilisation was spread gradually among populations after it began in some part of the world. 'A current popular theory is that the world's first civilisation developed because it could; the environment was relatively friendly," said Dr. Brooks. "This is based on the argument of the last 10,000 years being climatically very stable and quite conducive to flourishing of agriculture and large, urban civilisations."But Dr. Brooks argued that civilisation arose instead from environmental calamities. His work is focused on the Sahara region, where he says the cultural history shows that, around 5～10,000 years ago, the humid areas there abruptly changed into the Sahara desert we see today. The Garamantian tribe, which lived in what is now south-west Libya more than 3,000 years ago, emerged when the land there dried out. After this period, we see the first stone structures, the beginnings of urbanisation, agriculture and the development of novel technologies to access ground water, such as wells," said Dr. Brooks."What we see here is the story of people responding to the environmental change with the drying up of the region. That leads to the emergence of the Garamantian state."He added that the stow was similar in the other cradles of civilisation around the world. Without the driving force of climate change, human societies might have evolved far more slowly, said Dr. Brooks. "Maybe we would have remained village farmers and herders, hunter-gatherers and so on," he said. "Perhaps you'd have a less population-dense kind of civilisation."69. According to Nick Brooks, ______.A. differences in civilizations are the result of differences in climate conditionsB. the emergence of civilizations is closely related to climate changeC. the development of civilizations has caused the world climate changeD. similar civilizations have appeared despite various climate conditions70. The phrase "turn... on their head" (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. confirmB. extendC. challengeD. supplement71. The traditional theory argues that the rise of civilizations______.A. benefited from a stable and good environmentB. was meant to improve the living environmentC. had little to do with the environmentD. was the result of environmental change72. The Garamantian tribe is mentioned to show ______.A. the relations between human activities and the emergence of desertsB. the human creativity in fighting unfavorable environment conditionsC. the importance of water resources at the beginning of human civilizationsD. the effect of environmental changes on the development of human society73. According to Dr. Brooks, without significant climate change, human civilizations would now be more ______.A. diverseB. predictableC. aggressiveD. primitive74. The purpose of the passage is to ______.A. analyze how climate change affects civilization levelsB. question the link between climates and civilizationsC. introduce a latest study on the rise of civilizationsD. discuss how civilizations spread throughout the worldPassage FiveBefore the arrival of the internet, computer files were exchanged via storage media such as floppy disks (软盘) which were sent by post or delivered by foot, bike, car or train. After the appearance of the internet, a term was invented for such exchange of information: the sneakernet. Now that the internet is established, and our connections have become faster, the sneakernet sounds outmoded. Nevertheless, the opposite is true when larger files are considered. Because storage media evolve much faster than internet connections, it becomes ever more interesting to choose the route of physical transport over the internet.One of the routes is via carrier pigeon(信鸽). This may sound ridiculous (and it has been a popular joke for many years), but thanks to shrinking storage media, the speed and capacity of the pigeon internet promises to become quite amazing.A well trained contemporary carrier pigeon can maintain a speed of 50 kilometres an hour over a distance of 600 kilometres, and carry a weight of 1 gram. One gram does not seem to be much, but this weight can already contain quite some data. For instance, the Transcend Micro SD card weighing 1 gram has a capacity of 2 gigabytes. Compared to a fibre connection, the pigeon has to surrender quite fast. This internet connection only needs 2.6 minutes to send 2 gigabytes. A carrier pigeon only flies 2 kilometres far in that time.A carrier pigeon is thus faster than a fibre connection when the distance is shorter than 2 kilometres. A broadband connection needs 4 hours to send 2 gigabytes, while the pigeon can reach a distance of 200 kilometres in 4 hours. This means that sending 2 gigabytes of information from Amsterdam to Brussels goes faster by carrier pigeon than by a broadband connection. A dial-up connection needs 3.3 days to send 2 gigabytes, so in that case, the pigeon (flying 600 km per day) is faster than the internet up to a distance of about 2,000 kilometres.The bandwidth of a carrier pigeon increases faster than the bandwidth of the internet. Ten years in the future, a pigeon will be able to carry 2 terabytes (around 2,000 gigabytes). Our fibre connection will need 8.5 minutes for sending that amount of data. The carrier pigeon is then faster than a fibre connection if the distance is less than 7 kilometres-compared to 2 kilometres today.75. The term "sneakernet" is probably more related to ______.A. storing larger computer filesB. the fast speed of the internetC. sending digital data on the internetD. traditional ways of sharing digital files76. According to the author, sending digital data via carrier pigeon ______.A. is easier said than doneB. should be taken seriouslyC. has been debated for yearsD. can be dismissed as a joke77. For a distance of 500 km, the second fastest way of sending 2 gigabytes is by ______.A. dial-up connectionB. a carrier pigeonC. fibreD. broadband78. The author believes that in the future a carrier pigeon ______.A. can fly faster to exchange digital informationB. can better perform the task of sending digital dataC. will be widely used to exchange digital informationD. will become an outmoded means of sending digital data79. What is the author's tone in writing the passage?A. Ironic.B. Joking.C. Objective.D. Passionate.80. Which title is most appropriate for the passage?A. Carrier Pigeons versus the InternetB. Limitations of Carrier Pigeons and the InternetC. Hard Choice: Carrier Pigeons or the InternetD. Last Days of Carrier Pigeons in the Internet Age。
