孰优孰劣译文

Superior or InferiorThe above two stories seemly have no connections, but in fact, the two have profound allocations.Christian philosophy holds that people are original sin, and they firmly believe that the human nature is evil, so they advocate use systems and laws to restrain the people. With a good regime, the bad guys would do a good turn; while with a bad regime, the good men would do bad things.Chinese believe in the goodness of others. Everyone can be Yao or Shun, through moral education .The system doesn’t mean everything. No matter how strict the system is, it is formulated and implemented by human. If people become evils, systems and laws would be nothing. Thus, Chinese pay attention to ethical culture, to solve the basic matters of hearts completely and thoroughly, Confucianism is a science that to teach people how to be a man ---especially be a good man. Holding the view of the good human nature, they pay attention to moral education certainly; holding the view of the vicious human nature, of course, they pay attention to control and discipline. Since ancient time, China has made particular systems and laws in all aspects. Although the western religious make effects to moral education, that is to say, whether in ancient time or modern timechina and foreign countries are implement both system and enlightenments in social management. However, there is no doubt that China pays more attention to moral education and it is morality that goes deeply into the Chinese’ soul; Western pay more attention to legal punishment and it is the legal consciousness that goes deeply into the westerner heart. That is the basic understanding of men two different social systems and cultural concepts.In the two different systems, the key of the problem is the big difference of enjoying and using the freedom.In the premise of the evil human nature, the Western legal system can do a lot of preventions and containment of the evil in human nature. If humanity can not be guaranteed, it at least can curb the evil side. Because of the legal protection ,individual can enjoy the maximum trust from country and society within rules ,so they can enjoy more freedom .However ,the American laws deeply influence all aspects of daily life ,and seep and replace morality ,the commonsense of life even the field of living habits and functions, which shocks everybody for its wide covers .American laws are so general ,trivial and complicated that people ignore its existence .Ordinary people don’t understand the laws at all ,which forces them to consult lawyerswhen they get into troubles .Therefore, 80% global professional lawyers are Americans. Aristotle said in Political Science that laws are not emotional in intelligence. Laws rule society, which segregates people to be a polite, free and lonely individual .As a result, laws become cold tools.In the goodness of human nature assumption, construct the social attention to personal moral cultivation is higher than that of the social system. The social long period of stability depend on personal accomplishment .On the other hand, in the Confucian view, gift reflects the good relationship, and people can develop a good relationship by gift. When people carry out regulations, they can take specific situations into account to make people feel warm. Therefore, there are more intimate relationships between people in a society of China style’s social occasions. Nevertheless, the humanity is much more sophisticated than the good and evil. On the basis of the understanding of Innate Purity, it only emphasizes the cultivation of the good, leaving alone the restriction of the evil. Consequently, on the one hand, the Chinese deal with things flexibly to get rid of the promises, the modality and detail of the norms in a possible range; on the other hand, the Chinese are not shrinking back at the sight of something wrong because theChinese culture is short of strict and impartial rule of laws and specific scales, which isn’t stipulate what can be done or not. When the mind is linger on the verge of the right and wrong, this flexibility can be developed into unscrupulous and arbitrary easily. Then this kind of the Chinese style’s freedom is a limitless indulgence out of moralities and regulations. Nor the good can be guaranteed nor the evil can be basically curbed, which is the most criticized part of the Chinese style’s human relationships.Confucius said:“If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.”There is another old saying that:“the law can constrain people but can’t make people honest; the law can slay people but can’t make people benevolent.”Mr. Shen congwen said: “the law stresses making people afraid of doing evils while the morality can prompt the people willing to be kind.”Those maxims clearly reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the two different cultures. The indifference and acuity of law can’t replace the tenderness and warm of humanity, and the fussyregulations definitely cause the ossification of humanity. All in all, in the legal society, the rule of law can make people rigid even indifferent, but also can let them feel simple and easy; in the ethical society, people are nimble and kind, but also crafty and intricate.We all certainly yearn for living in a harmony country and society where there is a mutual trust between government and citizens, and among people, whose life is free and simple, warm and happy.。