指南录后序与五人墓碑记 翻译

文天祥《指南录后序》英译英译：On February 19, the second year of De You, I was appointed as the Right Prime Minister and concurrently the Minister of Military Affairs, with the rank of Commander-in-Chief of all the troops. At that time, the troops of the Yuan Dynasty had already approached the gate of Lin'an, and it was too late to take any measures such as fighting, defending the city, or moving the capital. Scholars, officials, and gentry all gathered at the Prime Minister's residence of the Left Prime Minister, but no one knew what to do. At that time, messengers of the Yuan Dynasty were traveling back and forth, and the Yuan Dynasty invited the person in charge of the government to meet them. Everyone thought that if I went, it might ease the disaster. Since the situation had reached such a point, I could not care about myself. I thought that the Yuan Dynasty might still be moved by words. At first, when envoys were sent to and from the Yuan Dynasty, none of them were detained in the north. I wanted to take this opportunity to find out the real situation of the Yuan Dynasty and then come back to seek a way to save the country. So I resigned from the position of Prime Minister and declined the appointment. The next day, I went to the Yuan Dynasty as the Minister of the Palace Academy.When I first arrived at the Yuan camp, I argued passionately and forcefully, causing quite a stir among the Yuan officials. The Yuan Dynasty did not dare to underestimate our country immediately. Unfortunately, Lu Shimei had already slandered me before, and Jia Yvqin had also flattered the Yuan Dynasty. As a result, I was imprisoned and could not return home, and the affairs of the country became even more hopeless. I thought that I could not escape, so I went straight to the Yuan general and scolded him for breaking his promise. I listed the crimes of Lu Shimei and his nephew as traitors. I only wished to die and did not care about personal safety. The Yuan officials treated me with respect on the surface, but were actually very angry. The two important officials of the Yuan Dynasty, who were in charge of entertaining the envoys, surrounded my residence at night with their troops, preventing me from returning home. Not long after, Jia Yvqin and others went to theYuan camp as envoys. The Yuan Dynasty forced me to go with them, but I was not included in the list of envoys. I should have committed suicide, but I still endured it and went. As the ancients said, "I am going to do something." When I arrived at Jingkou, I found an opportunity to escape to Zhenzhou. I immediately reported the true situation of the Yuan Dynasty to the governors of the Eastern and Western circuits and made an appointment with them to launch a large-scale counterattack. Perhaps this was the chance for the restoration of the country. I stayed for two days, but the commander of Yangzhou issued an order to expel me. I had no choice but to change my name, hide my identity, travel on foot, and sleep outdoors. Every day, I moved around with the Yuan cavalry in the area between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. I was hungry, thirsty, and had nowhere to turn, but the pursuit and arrest by the Yuan troops was urgent. The sky was high and the earth was vast, and my cries for help were useless. Later, I found a small boat and avoided the sandbars where the Yuan troops were stationed. I escaped from the mouth of the Yangtze River, crossed the North Sea, and then crossed the Yangtze River again. I entered Suzhou Gulf, traveled through Siming and Tiantai, and finally arrived in Yongjia.Alas! I have been close to death many times. It would have been worthy to die for denouncing the Yuan general; it would have been worthy to die for cursing the traitors; it would have been worthy to die for arguing with the high officials of the Yuan Dynasty for twenty days; it would have been worthy to die for attempting to assassinate the Yuan general at Jingkou; it would have been worthy to die for passing by the Yuan ships for more than ten miles; it would have been worthy to die for being discovered by the scout ships of the Yuan Dynasty and almost being killed; it would have been worthy to die for being expelled from Zhenzhou and forced to wander aimlessly; it would have been worthy to die for passing by Yangzhou and encountering the sentries of the Yuan Dynasty; it would have been worthy to die for nearly falling into the hands of the bandits at Guigongtang; it would have been worthy to die for being pursued by the guards of the Yuan Dynasty; it would have been worthy to die for getting lost in the night and nearly being drowned; it would have been worthy to die for being stopped by the Yuan officials at Gaoting andalmost being arrested; it would have been worthy to die for traveling on a small boat on the rough sea; it would have been worthy to die for fearing being innocent and killed; it would have been worthy to die for traveling three hundred miles between Hai'an and Rugao, where the Yuan troops passed back and forth every day. In short, I was in constant danger of death. In the end, I managed to escape death, but the dangers and hardships I went through were beyond human endurance. When I think about it, I feel extremely painful. How painful it is!While in trouble, I sometimes wrote poems to record what had happened to me.I have kept these poems and would not give them up. I copied them during my journey. When I was sent to the Yuan camp, I wrote one volume at the north gate of Jingkou; after leaving the north gate of Jingkou and passing through Wumen, Piling, Guazhou, and Yangzhou, and returning to Jingkou, I wrote another volume; after leaving Jingkou and traveling to Zhenzhou, Yangzhou, Gaoyou, Taizhou, and Tongzhou, I wrote another volume; after traveling by sea to Yongjia and Sishan, I wrote another volume. I plan to keep these volumes at home so that future generations can read them and understand my intentions.Alas! I am fortunate to have survived, but what is the point of surviving? As a subject, if the monarch is humiliated, the subject should die even if he is innocent. As a son, if the father is dead, the son should die even if he is innocent. How can I let myself rot like grass and trees and not be able to clear my name before my ancestors? Now, it is not a pity for me to die, but I regret that I have not expressed myself through writing before, so that those who will know me a thousand years from now can only learn about me from this article. In the summer of the same year, the reigning title was changed to Jingyan, and I wrote this preface for my collection of poems, titled "A Record of my Travels in the South."文天祥《指南录后序》原文如下：德祐二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

必修三文言翻译《指南录后序》★ 1、予 /除 /右丞相兼枢密使, 都督诸路军马。

我被任命(或“被授予” 右丞相兼枢密使, 统领各路军马。

★ 2、北邀当国者相见,众谓予一行 /为可 /以纾祸。

元人邀请 (我朝主持国事的人见面,众人认为我去一趟是可以解除 (国家祸患的。

★ 3、予不得爱身 , 意北亦尚可 /以口舌动也。

我不能顾惜自己的生命 , 估计(或“料想” 元人也还可以用语言打动的。

★ 4、不幸吕师孟构恶于前 ,贾余庆献谄于后 ,予羁縻不得还。

不幸的是,先是吕师孟在元人面前说(我的坏话 ,后又是贾余庆在元人面前献媚讨好 , 我被扣押不能回。

5、予自度不得脱,则直前诟虏帅失信, 数吕师孟叔侄为逆, 但欲求死,不复顾利害。

我估计自己不能脱身, 就径直上前责骂元军统帅不守信用, 列举吕师孟叔侄叛国投敌的罪行, 只想求得一死,不再考虑个人安危。

★ 6、变姓名, 诡踪迹, 草行露宿 ,日与北骑相出没于长淮间。

(我改了姓名, 隐蔽行踪, 在荒草间行走 , 在露天里睡觉 ,每天(都可能与元人的骑兵在长淮一带相遭遇。

★ 7、穷饿无聊 , 追购又急,天高地迥, 号呼靡及。

(我困窘饥饿, 没有依靠 , (元军悬赏捉拿又很急, 天高地远, 呼喊无人回应(或“叫天不应,叫地不应” 。

8、予之及于死者,不知其几矣!我面临死亡 ,不知有多少次。

9、经北舰十余里,为巡船所物色 ,几从鱼腹死。

(我经过元人舰船往来的地方有十余里,被敌人巡逻的船只盘问 ,差点葬身鱼腹而死。

★ 10、贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死。

在贾家庄差点被元人巡查的军官欺侮逼迫而死。

11、以小舟涉鲸波出,无可奈何,而死固付之度外矣。

(我用小船在巨浪里出没,实在是没有办法, (我把生死本就不放在心上了。

12、死生,昼夜事也。

死而死矣,而境界危恶, 层见错出 ,非人世所堪。

死亡,是早晚间的事情。

死就死了,但是环境如此危险凶恶, 反复出现,不断发生 ,实在不是人世间所能忍受的。

指南录后序文天祥文言文原文赏析及翻译指南录后序文天祥文言文原文赏析及翻译《指南录后序》是南宋文天祥为《指南录》所作的一篇序文。

该文简略概括地叙述了作者出使元营、面斥敌酋、被扣押冒死逃脱、颠沛流离、万死南归的冒险经历，反映了民族英雄文天祥坚定不移的战斗意志、忠贞不屈的民族气节和生死不渝的爱国激情。

下面是小编整理的指南录后序文天祥文言文原文赏析及翻译，一起来看看吧。

指南录后序宋代文天祥德祐二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

时北兵已迫修门外，战、守、迁皆不及施。

缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府，莫知计所出。

会使辙交驰，北邀当国者相见，众谓予一行为可以纾祸。

国事至此，予不得爱身；意北亦尚可以口舌动也。

初，奉使往来，无留北者，予更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策。

于是辞相印不拜，翌日，以资政殿学士行。

初至北营，抗辞慷慨，上下颇惊动，北亦未敢遽轻吾国。

不幸吕师孟构恶于前，贾余庆献谄于后，予羁縻不得还，国事遂不可收拾。

予自度不得脱，则直前诟虏帅失信，数吕师孟叔侄为逆，但欲求死，不复顾利害。

北虽貌敬，实则愤怒，二贵酋名曰“馆伴”，夜则以兵围所寓舍，而予不得归矣。

未几，贾余庆等以祈请使诣北。

北驱予并往，而不在使者之目。

予分当引决，然而隐忍以行。

昔人云：“将以有为也”。

至京口，得间奔真州，即具以北虚实告东西二阃，约以连兵大举。

中兴机会，庶几在此。

留二日，维扬帅下逐客之令。

不得已，变姓名，诡踪迹，草行露宿，日与北骑相出没于长淮间。

穷饿无聊，追购又急，天高地迥，号呼靡及。

已而得舟，避渚洲，出北海，然后渡扬子江，入苏州洋，展转四明、天台，以至于永嘉。

呜呼！予之及于死者，不知其几矣！诋大酋当死；骂逆贼当死；与贵酋处二十日，争曲直，屡当死；去京口，挟匕首以备不测，几自刭死；经北舰十余里，为巡船所物色，几从鱼腹死；真州逐之城门外，几彷徨死；如扬州，过瓜洲扬子桥，竟使遇哨，无不死；扬州城下，进退不由，殆例送死；坐桂公塘土围中，骑数千过其门，几落贼手死；贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死；夜趋高邮，迷失道，几陷死；质明，避哨竹林中，逻者数十骑，几无所逃死；至高邮，制府檄下，几以捕系死；行城子河，出入乱尸中，舟与哨相后先，几邂逅死；至海陵，如高沙，常恐无辜死；道海安、如皋，凡三百里，北与寇往来其间，无日而非可死；至通州，几以不纳死；以小舟涉鲸波出，无可奈何，而死固付之度外矣。

苏教版课内文言文翻译及考点——指南录后序【课文全译】德祐二年二月十九日，我被任命为右丞相兼枢密使，统一指挥各路兵马。

这时元军已迫近都门外，不论是迎战、防守或迁都，都已经来不及安排。

大小官员聚集在左丞相的衙门里，都想不出办法来。

当时（双方有）使者车马往来频繁，元军方面约邀（我国）当权的人相见，大家认为我去一趟就可以缓解国家的祸患。

国家事态到了这地步，我不能（只顾）爱惜自己；（而且）估计元军方面还是可以用言语说动的。

以前，（我们的）使者往来，没有被扣留在北方的，（同时）我更想探察一下元军方面的情况，回来好寻求救国的办法。

于是未接受丞相的印信不就任，第二天，以资政殿学士（的身份）前往。

刚到元军军营（的时候），我慷慨陈辞，（他们）上上下下都很震惊。

他们也不敢马上就轻视我国。

不幸的是先有吕师孟干坏事，后来有贾余庆（向对方）讨好献媚，我（才）被拘留不能回还。

国家的事情被弄到了不可收拾的地步。

我自己估计不能脱身，就当面责骂元军统帅不守信用，揭露吕师孟叔侄二人叛国（的罪行）。

（我）只想求死，不再顾念（个人的）安危。

元军方面虽然表面上尊敬我，实际上（对我）很愤怒。

（派来）两个高级头目，名义上是招待使臣的人，夜里却用兵包围我的住所，我就不能回国了。

不久，贾余庆等人作为祈请使要到北方去；元人逼迫我同他们一起走，但又不算作使者。

我照理应该自杀，但还是忍耐着（随他们）出发。

古人说：（忍辱不死）是为了将来有所作为啊！到了京日，得机会跑到了真州，就把北兵的虚实完全报告了淮东、淮西两位边防统帅，约定（同他们）联合兵力奋起抗战。

国家复兴的机会，大概就在此一举了。

（在那里）住了两天，扬州的边帅下了逐客令。

（我）没有办法，（就）改名换姓，隐蔽行踪，在荒野里奔走，在露天里歇宿，每天同元军的骑兵在江淮一带（彼此）互相出现或隐没（没有遇见）。

困窘饥饿，无所依托，悬赏捕捉又很紧急，天高地远，叫唤求救都来不及，后来找到一只小船，避开（敌军所占的）江中小洲，从北海出去，然后渡过扬子江，进人苏州，经过四明，转到天台，终于来到永嘉。