World_Gastroenterology_Organisation_Global.9
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:215.98 KB
- 文档页数:6
WorldGastroenterologyOrganisationGlobalGuidelines
onCeliacDisease
Reviewteam:JulioC.Bai,MD(Chair,Argentina),MichaelFried,MD(Switzerland),
GinoR.Corazza,MD(Italy),DetlefSchuppan,MD(Germany),
MichaelFarthing,MD(UnitedKingdom),CarloCatassi,MD(Italy),LuigiGreco,MD(Italy),
HenryCohen,MD(Uruguay),CarolinaCiacci,MD(Italy),RamiEliakim,MD(Israel),
AlessioFasano,MD(USA),AndreaGonza´lez,RD(Argentina),JustusH.Krabshuis,(France),
andAntonLeMair,MD(Netherlands)
CONTENTS
1Definitions
2Keypoints
3Epidemiology
4Diagnosisofceliacdisease
5Managementofceliacdisease
DEFINITIONS
Celiacdisease(CD)isachronic,immunologically
determinedformofenteropathyaffectingthesmallintestine
ingeneticallypredisposedchildrenandadults.Itispre-
cipitatedbytheingestionofgluten-containingfoods.1,2Itis
alsoreferredtoasceliacsprue,gluten-sensitiveenter-
opathy,ornontropicalsprue.
Glutencanbedefinedastherubberyproteinmassthat
remainswhenwheatdoughiswashedtoremovestarch.3
Themajorproteinfractionsofgluten,gliadinandglutenin
arestorageproteinsinwheat.Theyarepresentinwheat,
rye,andbarleyandgivesthedoughitsdesiredbaking
properties.Gluteniswidelyusedasaningredientinfood
processing.
KEYPOINTS
Glutenandgluten-relatedproteinspresentinwheat,rye,
andbarleyarethecausativeexternalantigensofCD.
TheprevalenceofCDinanadultpopulationvaries
betweenroughly1in100and1in300inmostpartsof
theworld.
First-degreeand(toalesserextent)second-degree
relativeshaveanincreasedriskforCD.Itsclinical
presentationvarieswidely,andtheonsetofthedisease
orsymptomsmayoccuratanytimeinlife.ManypatientswithCDhavefewsymptomsorpresent
atypically,whereasaminorityofpatientshavemalab-
sorption(classicalCD).
PatientswithactiveCDhaveanincreasedriskof
complications,includingdeath,incomparisonwiththe
generalpopulation.However,thisexcessrateofmajor
complicationsseemstoreturntonormalafter3to5
yearsonastrictlygluten-freediet.
KeyDiagnosticFindingsInclude:
Histopathologicchangesinanintestinalbiopsy,charac-
terizedbycrypthyperplasia,intraepitheliallymphocy-
tosis,anddestructionofthesurfaceepitheliallining
Evidencethatthesmallbowelenteropathyisdependent
onglutenshownbypositiveCD-specificantibodiesand/
orclinicaland/orhistologicimprovementinresponseto
agluten-freediet
SerologicalTestsCan:
ConfirmCDinpatientswithademonstratedcharacter-
isticenteropathy
Screenforindividualsatrisk
Identifypatientsinwhombiopsymaybewarranted.
Beusedtoidentifyglutenconsumptionduringfollow-up
indiagnosedpatients
Thepresenceofautoantibodiesdirectedagainst
transglutaminase-2suggeststhatCDhasanautoimmune
component.4Inadults,CDisdiagnosedonaverage>10
yearsafterthefirstsymptomsappear.5
PatientswithCDshouldnoteatproductscontaining
wheat,rye,orbarley.Patientsusuallyneedtofollowa
strictlygluten-freedietfortherestoftheirlives.6Oatsmay
beconsumed,buttheyareveryoftencontaminatedby
wheat,andpureoatsareoftennotavailable.Asmallsub-
groupofpatientswithCD(<5%)mayalsobeintolerant
topureoats.7
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Introduction
CDiscommonthroughouttheworldandaffects
around1in100to1in300ofthepopulation.8,9
ThisFromtheDepartmentofMedicine,“DrC.BonorinoUdaondo”GastroenterologyHospital,BuenosAires,Argentina.Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhavenothingtodisclose.Reprints:JulioC.Bai,MD,DepartmentofMedicine,“DrC.BonorinoUdaondo”GastroenterologyHospital,Caseros2061,BuenosAires1264,Argentina(e-mail:jbai@intramed.net).Copyrightr2013byLippincottWilliams&
WilkinsWGOGUIDELINE
JClinGastroenterolVolume47,Number2,February2013www.jcge.com|121prevalenceissignificantlyhigherthanthatrecognized20
yearsago.10,11TheepidemiologyofCDhasicebergchar-
acteristicsthattherearefarmoreundiagnosedcases(below
thewaterline)thandiagnosedcases(abovethewaterline).
AkeystudybyFasanoetal12in2003foundthatthe
prevalenceofCDwasasfollows:
Atrisk,first-degreerelatives:1in10
Atrisk,second-degreerelatives:1in39
Atrisk,symptomaticpatients:1in56
Groupsnotatrisk:1in100
Ethnicity
EarlyepidemiologystudiesregardedCDasadisease
ofindividualswithwhiteancestry,mainlylocatedin
EuropeandNorthAmerica.13,14However,althoughthere
isalackofworldwideepidemiologicalinformation,further
studiesinotherareasoftheworldhaveshownasimilar
prevalence.15,16SomeofthesestudiesdetectedCDamong
peoplewithAmerindianorAfricanAmericanancestry.17–19
RecentreportshaveshownthatCDisacommondisorder
inNorthAfrica,theMiddleEast,India,andPakistan.20–22
VeryrecentreportsfromChinahaveshownthatboth,the
CD-predisposingHLA-DQallelesandthedisorderitselfare
notrareintheprovincesofJiangsuandZhejiang,atleast.23
Insummary,worldwidedistributionofgluten-containing
foods,predisposinggenotypes,andfactorsinvolvedinthe
pathogenesisofCD,arelikelytoberesponsibletothe
widespreadandalmostuniversalemergenceofthedisorder.
At-riskPopulations
CDshouldbeconsideredinthefollowingcases(esti-