World_Gastroenterology_Organisation_Global.9

  • 格式:pdf
  • 大小:215.98 KB
  • 文档页数:6

WorldGastroenterologyOrganisationGlobalGuidelines

onCeliacDisease

Reviewteam:JulioC.Bai,MD(Chair,Argentina),MichaelFried,MD(Switzerland),

GinoR.Corazza,MD(Italy),DetlefSchuppan,MD(Germany),

MichaelFarthing,MD(UnitedKingdom),CarloCatassi,MD(Italy),LuigiGreco,MD(Italy),

HenryCohen,MD(Uruguay),CarolinaCiacci,MD(Italy),RamiEliakim,MD(Israel),

AlessioFasano,MD(USA),AndreaGonza´lez,RD(Argentina),JustusH.Krabshuis,(France),

andAntonLeMair,MD(Netherlands)

CONTENTS

1Definitions

2Keypoints

3Epidemiology

4Diagnosisofceliacdisease

5Managementofceliacdisease

DEFINITIONS

Celiacdisease(CD)isachronic,immunologically

determinedformofenteropathyaffectingthesmallintestine

ingeneticallypredisposedchildrenandadults.Itispre-

cipitatedbytheingestionofgluten-containingfoods.1,2Itis

alsoreferredtoasceliacsprue,gluten-sensitiveenter-

opathy,ornontropicalsprue.

Glutencanbedefinedastherubberyproteinmassthat

remainswhenwheatdoughiswashedtoremovestarch.3

Themajorproteinfractionsofgluten,gliadinandglutenin

arestorageproteinsinwheat.Theyarepresentinwheat,

rye,andbarleyandgivesthedoughitsdesiredbaking

properties.Gluteniswidelyusedasaningredientinfood

processing.

KEYPOINTS

󰀂Glutenandgluten-relatedproteinspresentinwheat,rye,

andbarleyarethecausativeexternalantigensofCD.

󰀂TheprevalenceofCDinanadultpopulationvaries

betweenroughly1in100and1in300inmostpartsof

theworld.

󰀂First-degreeand(toalesserextent)second-degree

relativeshaveanincreasedriskforCD.Itsclinical

presentationvarieswidely,andtheonsetofthedisease

orsymptomsmayoccuratanytimeinlife.󰀂ManypatientswithCDhavefewsymptomsorpresent

atypically,whereasaminorityofpatientshavemalab-

sorption(classicalCD).

󰀂PatientswithactiveCDhaveanincreasedriskof

complications,includingdeath,incomparisonwiththe

generalpopulation.However,thisexcessrateofmajor

complicationsseemstoreturntonormalafter3to5

yearsonastrictlygluten-freediet.

KeyDiagnosticFindingsInclude:

󰀂Histopathologicchangesinanintestinalbiopsy,charac-

terizedbycrypthyperplasia,intraepitheliallymphocy-

tosis,anddestructionofthesurfaceepitheliallining

󰀂Evidencethatthesmallbowelenteropathyisdependent

onglutenshownbypositiveCD-specificantibodiesand/

orclinicaland/orhistologicimprovementinresponseto

agluten-freediet

SerologicalTestsCan:

󰀂ConfirmCDinpatientswithademonstratedcharacter-

isticenteropathy

󰀂Screenforindividualsatrisk

󰀂Identifypatientsinwhombiopsymaybewarranted.

󰀂Beusedtoidentifyglutenconsumptionduringfollow-up

indiagnosedpatients

Thepresenceofautoantibodiesdirectedagainst

transglutaminase-2suggeststhatCDhasanautoimmune

component.4Inadults,CDisdiagnosedonaverage>10

yearsafterthefirstsymptomsappear.5

PatientswithCDshouldnoteatproductscontaining

wheat,rye,orbarley.Patientsusuallyneedtofollowa

strictlygluten-freedietfortherestoftheirlives.6Oatsmay

beconsumed,buttheyareveryoftencontaminatedby

wheat,andpureoatsareoftennotavailable.Asmallsub-

groupofpatientswithCD(<5%)mayalsobeintolerant

topureoats.7

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Introduction

CDiscommonthroughouttheworldandaffects

around1in100to1in300ofthepopulation.8,9

ThisFromtheDepartmentofMedicine,“DrC.BonorinoUdaondo”GastroenterologyHospital,BuenosAires,Argentina.Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhavenothingtodisclose.Reprints:JulioC.Bai,MD,DepartmentofMedicine,“DrC.BonorinoUdaondo”GastroenterologyHospital,Caseros2061,BuenosAires1264,Argentina(e-mail:jbai@intramed.net).Copyrightr2013byLippincottWilliams&

WilkinsWGOGUIDELINE

JClinGastroenterol󰀂Volume47,Number2,February2013www.jcge.com|121prevalenceissignificantlyhigherthanthatrecognized20

yearsago.10,11TheepidemiologyofCDhasicebergchar-

acteristicsthattherearefarmoreundiagnosedcases(below

thewaterline)thandiagnosedcases(abovethewaterline).

AkeystudybyFasanoetal12in2003foundthatthe

prevalenceofCDwasasfollows:

󰀂Atrisk,first-degreerelatives:1in10

󰀂Atrisk,second-degreerelatives:1in39

󰀂Atrisk,symptomaticpatients:1in56

󰀂Groupsnotatrisk:1in100

Ethnicity

EarlyepidemiologystudiesregardedCDasadisease

ofindividualswithwhiteancestry,mainlylocatedin

EuropeandNorthAmerica.13,14However,althoughthere

isalackofworldwideepidemiologicalinformation,further

studiesinotherareasoftheworldhaveshownasimilar

prevalence.15,16SomeofthesestudiesdetectedCDamong

peoplewithAmerindianorAfricanAmericanancestry.17–19

RecentreportshaveshownthatCDisacommondisorder

inNorthAfrica,theMiddleEast,India,andPakistan.20–22

VeryrecentreportsfromChinahaveshownthatboth,the

CD-predisposingHLA-DQallelesandthedisorderitselfare

notrareintheprovincesofJiangsuandZhejiang,atleast.23

Insummary,worldwidedistributionofgluten-containing

foods,predisposinggenotypes,andfactorsinvolvedinthe

pathogenesisofCD,arelikelytoberesponsibletothe

widespreadandalmostuniversalemergenceofthedisorder.

At-riskPopulations

CDshouldbeconsideredinthefollowingcases(esti-