《英语写作》PPT课件

英语写作课件
提要：本章主要是帮助学生了解英汉的差异，明白自己在写 英文时受到汉语哪些干扰，从提高单句的写作能力着手， 消灭各种类型的基本错误，从而提高整体的写作能力。
1. 标点错误 2. 用词混淆 3. 搭配问题 4. 漏词 5. 累赘 6. 不一致 7. 不平衡 8. 错位 9. 垂悬 10. 应用定语从句时易犯的错误
but，if，so，because，when，although，in order that，
so that等等，所要表达的意思就会支离破碎，而汉语
有时即便没有连接词，只从句子本身的意思也可以
把概念或关系表达清楚。
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例如，中文可以说“一个英国人，不会说中国话， 有一次在中国旅行”。
而英文要说“An English man who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China．”
正：He lifted a rock, but it fell on his feet.
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his feet.
d. 售票处排起了长队，所有票子都已售完。
误：Many people lined up at the ticket booth, all the
a. 作者原来的意思是：There were ten chairs in the room. Three of them were broken. The others were fine. 下面哪一
句最符合原意：
(i) The chairs, which were in bad condition, were sent out to
● 英语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系
● 英语结构紧凑，汉语结构松散。语言学家以“竹 节句法”来比喻英语句子，即英语句子是由必不可 少的各种连接词衔接而成，宛如节节相连的竹子； 而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”，所谓的流水 指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。
● 英语是形合的，而汉语是意合的，这是中文和英
文的最大区别。英语句子中如果少了连接词，如or，
The ceiling began to leak because it had rained all
night.
The night-long rain caused the ceiling to leak.
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c. 他举起一块石头，石头砸在他的脚上。
误：He lifted a rock, it fell on his feet.
tickets had been sold out.
正：Many people lined up at the ticket booth, but all
the tickets had been sold out.

Many people lined up at the ticket booth, though all
cancelled.
As the exam was postponed, the class was cancelled.
b. 雨下了整整一夜，天花板开始漏水。
误：It rained all night, the ceiling began to leak.
正：It rained all night, and the ceiling began to leak.
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● 虽然通过中学或大学的英语训练，但是许多人写 出的文章错误百出，其中包括基本的拼写、用词、 时态、句子结构等方面的错误。这些错误的产生主 要是因为受到母语的干扰。许多学生不知道英文和 中文究竟有什么差别，所以写出来的英文往往是中 文式的。本章主要是帮助学生了解英汉的差异，明 白自己在写英文时受到汉语哪些干扰，从而消灭各 种类型的基本错误。
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（1）采用多种方法，例如增加and或but，使用主从句、
分词短语、不定式等改正下面的串句。
a. 考试推迟了，上课取消了。
误：The exam was postponed, the class was cancelled.
正 ： The exam was postponed, and the class was
(iv) The chairs which were in bad condition, were sent out to
be repaired.
正确选择应为(ii)。如果选(i)，则意味着所有椅子都坏了。
(iii)和(iv)在语法上都不成立。
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b. 请指出下面两个句子的意思有什么不同。
(i) Although all their furniture was destroyed when their house burned down, most of Peter’s records, lectures, and speeches, were saved.
be repaired.
(ii) The chairs which were in bad condition were sent out to
be repaired.
(iii) The chairs, which were in bad condition were sent out to
be repaired.
● 实践表明，多数学生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系 统的写作理论和方法，而是最基本的单句写作能力。 文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的，句子是表达思 想的最基本的单位。因此，句子是否能写得正确、 达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。要 提高写作的能力，必须从提高单句的写作能力着手。
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6.1 标点错误
the tickets had been sold out.
Many people lined up at the ticket booth, despite
the fact that all the tickets had been sold out.
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（2）同样一句话，用了逗号，或者多用了一个逗号，或 者逗号的位置不同，意思会完全改变。
又比如：“他笑了，我哭了”。英文不能说“He laughed, I cried.” 而要说“He laughed, but I cried.”
这个例子是典型的标点错误，英语语法家称之为 comma splices(接合)，翻译成中文就是“串句”。下 面我们通过一些练习来提高英文标点符号的使用能力。
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