A Regulator for Pressure-Controlled Total-Liquid Ventilation

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美国电器公司炖锅烹饪指南说明书

Gas Countertop GriddlesOperating InstructionsBefore you begin, please read these instructions carefully to use this product correctly, to make the product perform ideally, and to avoid hazards.Models: ATMG-24 / ATMG-36 / ATMG-48Dear customers and users：Thank you for purchasing our products. In order to be able to better use this product, please read these instructions carefully before any operation, and follow the guide, to avoid any unnecessary trouble during using.Please keep this instruction manual in a safe place for convenient reference and operation.This instruction manual is subject to any change without further notice, and the manufacturer reserves the right of final interpretation.The appliance is designed for commercial purposes, not for household use.A statement instructing the purchaser to post in a prominent location instructions to be followed in the event the user smells gas. This information shall be obtained by consulting the local gas supplier.Gas Countertop GriddlesThe Installation, Operation and Maintenance GuideContents1. Safety Protection ....................................... - 3 -2. Brief Instruction ....................................... - 3 -3. Manufacture’s Authority and Responsibility............. - 3 -4. Parameter Specifications ................................ - 4 -5. Transport and Storage ................................... - 6 -6. Installation and Debugging .............................. - 6 -7. Safety Notices and Precautions .......................... - 8 -8. Operating Instructions .................................. - 8 -9. Cleaning and Maintenance ............................... - 10 -10. Troubleshooting ....................................... - 12 -11. Spare Parts ........................................... - 13 -12. Accessories List ...................................... - 16 -1. Safety ProtectionPlease make sure that the operator is an authorized and licensedtechnician before you allow him/her to install and operate the products. Be sure to strictly follow this instruction guide during installation and using. The manufacturer is not responsible for any danger or accidents caused by improper operation or maintenance.Do not store flammable or explosive objects around the product. Keep allflammable and explosive objects at a safe distance away from the product for normal using.Place the product in a reasonable position. Regarding related mattersof gas, customers should execute the requirements of local gas supply sector;If you smell a gas leak, turn off the gas valves immediately and callthe gas company;The product should not be operated by those under 18 years of age, orthose with physical or mental disorders, or disabilities that lack the necessary knowledge or experience unless with appropriate instructions and sufficient safety.2. Brief InstructionThe product is a series of gas griddles in our company production, which is novel designed, reasonable structured, convenient operated, durable used, and convenient maintained. It's equipped with a high efficiency stainless steel tubular burner and a pilot light, and convenient to ignite the main fire burner. This is hotel, supermarket, western restaurant, noshery and food industry's ideal grilled product equipment.3. Manufacture’s Authority and ResponsibilityBanning of all or partial transformation to the products without the manufacturer's explicit authorization.Manufacturers refused to undertake responsibility to third parties as the following reasons:Not follow this instruction guidance and warning in using and testing;Not in accordance with the requirements of technical parameters usingthis product;Incorrectly or irrationally using the product by untrained personnel;Not obey the local law using this product;Be repaired or changed by unauthorized technicians;Use the spare parts or accessories provided by non-manufacturers;Accidents caused by force majeure;Not strictly comply with related guide of instruction by any reason.4. Parameter Specifications4.1、Outline Dimensions(in)*ATMG-24ATMG-36ATMG-484.2、Information of Gas Supply and BurnerThe minimum supplied gas pressure regulator is factory set at 4”Natural Gas W.C, and 10”L.P. Gas W.C. The external thread of product’s intake-tube is 3/4 inches.<Table 1>5. Transport and StorageIn the process of transportation, handle carefully and keep upright to prevent damage of the product packing. Wrapped equipment should not be in open air for a long time, and shall be placed in a well-ventilated andnon-corrosive gases warehouse. When equipment needs temporary storage, waterproof measures should be taken.6. Installation and DebuggingAny erroneous installation, adjustment, refit, overhaul or maintenancemay cause property damage or personal injury. The work shall be performedby authorized and licensed technicians, otherwise the manufacturer has the right not to provide warranty service;Only be installed in accordance with the local code. If no similarstandard, you should conform to the National Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54, the National Gas Installation Code, CSA-B149.1, or the L.P. Gas Installation Code, CSA-B149.2 as applicable;The appliance individual shutoff valve must be disconnected from the gassupply piping system during any pressure testing of that system at test pressures in excess of 1/2psi (3.45kPa).6.1、Unpacking and InstallationPlease dispose of all packaging materials and residues after unpacking;Check the equipment. If it is damaged, please keep wrappers and receiptswhich must be signed by the carrier representative (Driver), and contact the carriers to pursue a claim within 15 days after receiving;Check all accessories complete. Refer to P15 table 5;Be sure to install supporting legs before using, and do not tear up anylabel or logo before normal using;Please read these instructions carefully before installation andoperation. Please contact your local agent if you have any questions;The char broiler shall be installed on a level, solid, non-skid andincombustible surface, and placed in a well-lighted work area with waterproof, and stay away from children and customers;The installation position is a well-ventilated place in accordance withthe local regulations;The char broiler must be installed under the matched cooking fume exhauster according to the local regulations;Important: Installation and ventilation laws, and codes are verydifferent, you should state and comply with all codes of the National Fire Protection Association Inc when it comes to requirements for installationof equipment;Screw 4 adjustable stainless steel legs in the tapping hole at fourcorners of the char broiler bottom, ensure sufficient space for ventilation;Adjustable stainless steel legs to make the equipment level, and get thesame level with other series of the equipment; Please lift the equipment rather than drag if you need to move it;Supplied gas pressure regulator is factory set at 4”Natural Gas W.C,and 10”L.P. Gas W.C;The equipment can only be placed on the incombustible counter top, andkeep a distance at least 6 inches(152mm) to equipment’s both sides and back, and keep a distance at least 4 inches(102mm) to the bottom;Do not put anything around the equipment, and on the counter top and bottom,in order to avoid influencing combustion and air circulation;Leave enough distance in front of the equipment to take apart the controlpanel. All major parts, in addition to the burner remove from the front intake-tube;It may be necessary to adjust the balance of air input by authorized andlicensed technicians;Thread glue must be resistant to the action of liquefied petroleum gases.Warning! Use soap water or testing instrument to test whether pipingjoint leaks or not before using, and forbid using an open flame to test!After installing completely, you should check gas supply pressure. Usea pressure gauge which is equipped with liquid (such as U-type pressure gauge, the minimum value is 0.1mbar) or a digital pressure gauge to test. Steps are as following:●Remove top panel, and needle type pressurejoint screw arbor (Fig.1), then sliprubber tube of pressure gauge over needletype pressure joint;●Start the equipment in accordance with theinstructions, measuring gas supplypressure (dynamic pressure) in the workstate;●Access to the equipment if measured datawithin the limits of Table 1, otherwise,you will need to adjust gas pressureregulating valve or contact gas supplierto bargain; Fig.1●Unplug pressure gauge after you accomplish pressure testing, theninstall needle type pressure joint screw arbor. Important: make sure screw up the needle valve to prevent gas escape!6.2、DebuggingIt’s very important to debug the new stove. Through the comprehensive system test of equipment, we can ensure function and safety performance of products. Discovering any potential problems before use (such as equipment’s placement, ventilation, operation, etc), can avoid costly losses.7. Safety Notices and PrecautionsWarning! For your safety, do not place petrol and other flammables nearby.Please keep clean and free of flammables surroundings. (Read ANSI Z83.14B, 1991 for reference)Warning! Any erroneous installation, adjustment and refit may causeproperty damage or personal injury and maintenance failure. Read the instructions carefully before installation and using.Warning! Operation instruction must be placed in a conspicuous location.When customers smell gas in the process of using, you should take safety precautions immediately. Immediately turn off the main gas valve, extinguish all heat and flames, and call 911. Safety information can be obtained from your local gas suppliers.When using this equipment, safety precautions should always be followed, including the following:The griddles burners, grates and outside surfaces may become hot afterusing, so you must be careful to touch;During operation, do not directly touch burners and plates;Turn off the equipment as not in using, cleaning, servicing or adjustingany parts or attachments.If the equipment has any problems of equipment damage, gas piping leaks,igniter or valves damage, or lose product accessories, do not operate by yourself and call for the service immediately;The attachments not recommended or sold by the manufacturer may causefire, personal injury, even death;Do not use out of doors;The equipment is used for grill, not available for any other using;The equipment does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Dealers ortechnicians will repair it. Do not take apart any spare parts without authorization;Never change any other parts without authorization to this equipment,otherwise, may cause hazards, and the manufacturer has the right not to provide warranty service;Steel cutting producers used to manufacture with sharp edges. Themanufacturer has dealt with these sharp edges during production, however, we insist the operator take care when in contact with this piece of equipment;Always keep hands, hair and clothing away from heating source.Wait the unit cools down before you cleaning. Because the unit is toohot to handle after using.8. Operating InstructionsBefore operating, make sure place the unit horizontally by adjustingbottom adjustable legs, and place the catch tray properly.The pilot light has been set at the factory. Each burner has a pilot light.8.1、Lighting the pilot lightTurn the control valve at the position of “0”(Fig.2), make sure all knobs are in the close state. Light and hold an ignition source at the pilots. The pilot light may not be lighted immediately, for existing gas in the pipe. Wait a minute, the pilot light will be lighted after the gas extinguished.Tips: You can use a screwdriver to adjust the height of the flame (Fig.3).8.2、Igniting the main burnerR evolve the main fire control valve knob anticlockwise after lighting the pilot light, then the main fire burner is lighted by the pilot light. The power of burner increases as revolving angel increases. When knob reaches to " ", burner is in the maximum power(Fig.4).Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4 Make sure air circulation well at the bottom of equipment;Do not use fan or air-conditioning blowing at the flame, in order to avoidextinguishing flame and cause safety accidents;Install the matched cooking fume exhauster according to the localregulations of char broiler;Make sure to keep the natural air circulation in the kitchen.8.3、Turn off the valveRevolve the control valve knob clockwise to "0" (Fig.1)to extinguish flame of the main burner, but the pilot light still works.After turning off the equipment, the main fire should be stop more than 5 minutes before next using.8.4、Stove OperationBefore using the stove for the first time, please use a mild detergent to wipe it for cleaning. Do not use corrosive or abrasives detergent.Turn the burners on about 15-20 minutes before broiling for preheating, according to the cooking requirement to adjust the flame size.Notice: Before first preheating, the furnace will smoke rise. This is because of protective lipids on the grills and other parts are heated, it is normal, and it will be eliminated after the power up to the maximum for burning an hour.8.5、Exchange main fire nozzle to switch gas sourceRemove control panel, grill, the pilot light head, and bottom tightening screw of the end of burner (arc), take out burner, then remove main fire nozzle with proper open spanner, exchange nozzle of another gas source, then screw it (Fig.5). Reinstall burner, the pilot light head, grill and control panel in proper place.Caution: Each main fire nozzle of the burner has been installed beforedelivery, normal use without adjustment but only switching gas. Adjust only by authorized and licensed technicians. When you change the gas source, you need exchange the corresponding pressure maintaining valve which installed on air intake. See 2 in P16.8.6、Adjust air inputRemove control panel, unscrew damper solid screw(Fig.6), revolve damper left to right (Fig.7), meanwhile, observe flame and adjust an appropriate opening degree. Then screw damper solid screw, make sure the equipment will not get loose in the process of moving and translation. Reinstall control panel.Caution: Each burner damper has been adjusted before delivery (once airinput), normal use without adjustment but only switching gas. Adjust only by authorized and licensed technicians.Fig.5 Fig.6 Fig.79. Cleaning and MaintenanceDo not use any abrasive or flammable detergent to wipe;Do not hose down, immerse or pressure wash any part of the cooker,excluding the catch tray;Do not use abrasive cleaning matters to wash, even not use corrosivedetergent!Grill cleaning/maintenance:(1)when grill cools down, use a cloth with cleaning agent to wipe unitsurface and residue;(2)use a cloth with water to wipe unit surface;(3)burning the main fire burner about 10-20 minutes for sterilization;(4)no use for long time, spread cooking oil on grill after cleaning.Warning: Before cleaning, all control valves must be turned off. Strictly follow the lighting instructions to work againafter cleaning!Warning: Wait for the equipment to cool down after the unithas been turned off before you cleaning!Cut off the gas source as not in using;If the equipment is not used for a long time, clean the surface by wipingit with a soft cloth and place it in a well-ventilated area;Comprehensively check the equipment at least once every year byauthorized and licensed technicians;The product is made of 90% metals, and can not be discarded everywhere.Deal with it in accordance with the local codes.Instructions to clean appliance regularly with recommended cleaning agents, if necessaryRecommended cleaning methods<Table 2>10. Troubleshooting<Table 3>please stop using, and contact technicians to check and repair. Safety first, turn off the power and gas supply before maintenance.11. Spare PartsThe use of parts provided by other companies, our company has the rightnot to provide warranty service;Order replacement parts from authorized representatives and after-saleservice agency.Provide the model number, serial number and description when you order components.Fig.8<Table 4>12. Accessories List<Table 5>1、Pressure maintaining valve connects with air intake must be installed by authorized and licensed technicians to ensure interface tightness.2、Screw the hex nut (Fig.9) before connect air intake, ensure gas mark (Fig.10) on the plastic core match with connected gas source, if not, then pull out the plastic core and change another head, insert it again. The same as exchanging gas source.3、When exchange gas source, use the A18 orifice (Fig.11) in the accessories. Follow rules of 8.5.Fig.9 Fig.10 Fig.11Our products have the advantages of good durability and low maintenance charge. But to update some components and necessary maintenance, can prolong life length of the products. Contact the dealer for assistance. In order to avoid confusion, please follow the format in figure 8 and table 4.。

lesson 20 Marine refrigeration(制冷) 轮机英语教学课件

Refrigerant 22 is now the most
common refrigerant for a wide
range of temperature,
including low temperature, -
41oC being possible without
negative
evaporator
Jimei university
Fine liquid filters are fitted to protect the small orifices in expansion valves.
Jimei university
Any clogging of one of these reveals itself by a cooling of the liquid pipe downstream of the filter.
The essential component of a typical seal is a carbon ring, stationary and sealed to the gland cover, with a flat surface against which is pressed the rotating face of a cast iron ring secured to the shaft.
Jimei university
Therefore it can evaporate at low temperature in the evaporator and condense at high temperature in the condenser.
Jimei university
Thus it will be seen that heat that is transferred from the air to the evaporator is then pumped round the system until it reaches the condenser where it is transferred or rejected to the sea water.

燃气壁挂式暖气器产品说明书

Outdoor Patio HeaterMod e l # LIP-10A-TGG-LPG-SP Item # 60786ATTACH YOUR RECEIPT HERESerial Number ___________ Purchase Date ______Questions, problems, missing parts? Before returning to your retailer, call our customer service hotline at 1-866-985-7877, 9 a.m. – 6 p.m., EST, Monday – Friday or email at *************************.SAFETY INFORMATIONSAFETY INFORMATIONPlease read and understand this entire manual before attempting to assemble, operate or install this appliance. If you have any questions regarding the product, please call customer service 1-866-985-7877, 9 a.m. –6 p.m., EST, Monday – Friday.This manual contains important information about the assembly, operation and maintenance of this patio heater. General safety information is presented in the first few pages and is also located throughout this manual. Keep this manual for future reference and to educate new users of this appliance. This manual should be read in conjunction with the labeling on the appliance. Safety precautions are essential when any mechanical or propane fueled equipment is involved. These precautions are necessary when using, storing, and servicing. Using this appliance with the respect and caution demanded will reduce the possibilities of personal injury or property damage. The following symbols shown below are used extensively throughout this manual. Always heed these precautions, as they are essential when using any mechanical or propane fueled equipment.PREPARATIONBefore beginning assembly of this appliance, make sure all parts are present. Compare all parts with package contents list and hardware contents as listed on pages 2 and 3 of this manual. If any part is missing or damaged, do not attempt to assemble this product. Contact customer service for replacement parts.ESTIMATED ASSEMBLY TIME: 60 minutesTools Required for Assembly (NOT included):Phillips screwdriver w/medium bladeLeak Detection SolutionAdjustable wrench (2) (Note: 10mm wrench or socket should fit M6 bolt; 13mm wrench or socket should fit M8 bolt.)ASSEMBLY1. Attach Wheel Assembly (K) to Base (J). Align holes in Wheel Assembly with corresponding holes in Base, and insert 2 M8x16 (AA) bolts through holesand finger tighten. Tighten with wrench once both bolts have been inserted. Hardware Used: 2 x AA, Bolt M8x162. Attach the Post Supports (I) to the Base (J). Align the holes in thebottom of each Post Support with the holes on the Base.Insert 1 M8x16 (AA) bolt through the hole in the support and into theBase and hand tighten. Repeat with the other 2 Post Supports andthen tighten all bolts with a wrench.Hardware Used: 3 x AA, Bolt M8x163.Attach the Lower Post (H) to the Post Supports (I). Once youhave tightened the bolts holding the Post Supports (I) to the Base (J),align the holes in the Lower Post (H) with the holes on the topsof the Post Supports (I) and insert a M6x35 (BB) bolt through a M6 (GG)washer and then through the hole in the Post Support. Affix anotherM6 (GG) washer onto the bottom of the M6x35 (BB) bolt and secure with aM6 (CC) nut. Repeat this in the 5 remaining holes (6 holes total—2 foreach Post Support piece). Hand tighten initially then tighten with awrench when all bolts have been inserted.Hardware Used: 6 x BB, Bolt M6x3512 x GG, Washer M66 x CC, Nut M61234. Attach Upper Post (F) to Lower Post (H) by screwing the two pieces of the posttogether.5. Place Tank Housing (D) onto Base (J). Slide Tank Housing (D) over the assembled Upper/Lower Post and down over the Post Supports. Rest Tank Housing on Base.6. Attach Head Assembly (C) to Upper Post (F).Note: There is a small piece of protective foam located in the neck of the Head Assembly that MUST be removed prior to attaching Head Assembly to the Upper Post.Route Gas Hose (E) down into Upper/Lower post assembly and align 4 small holes on Head Assembly with 4 Small holes in Upper Post(F).[HINT: Control knob should be above decal on post.]Insert 4 M6x10 (EE) bolts through 4 M6 lock washers into holes and tighten.Hardware Used : 4 x EE, Bolt M6x10 and Lock Washer M64 567. Panels (A) come packaged in two brown boxes with two panels in each box. Hardware for assembly is already affixed to each panel. Place two panels side by side and remove the two cap nuts and washers that are affixed to one panel. Insert the affixed bolts into the open holes on the adjacent panel. Place the washer over the bolt and screw on cap nut. Repeat these steps until all four panels are assembled. Then locate the Reflector Center Cap (B). You will need to remove the cap nuts and washers located at the top of each Reflector Panel to allow assembly of the Center Cap on each panel. Align the holes in the Center Cap with the bolts on each panel and affix washer and cap nut to complete assembly.8.assembled Hardware Used : 3 x DD, Wing Nut M89. Tank Housing.NOTE7 98A minimum supply pressure of .5 psi is required for the purpose of input adjustment of propane gas. Storage of an appliance indoors is permissible only if the cylinder is disconnected and removed from the appliance. A cylinder must be stored outdoors in a well-ventilated area out of the reach of children. A disconnected cylinder must have dust caps tightly installed and must not be stored in a building, garage, or any other enclosed area. The minimum permissible gas supply pressure of 11 W.C. is required for purpose of hose adjustment. The minimum hourly of 17,500 BTU is required input rating for a heater for automatic operation rating less than full input rating.The pressure regulator and hose assembly supplied with the appliance must be used.The installation must conform with local codes, or in the absence of local codes, with national fuel gas code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA54, natural gas and propane Installation Code, CSA B149.1, or propane storage and handling code, B149.2A dented rusted or damaged propane cylinder may be hazardous and should be checked by your local cylinder supplier. Never use a propane cylinder with a damaged valve connection.The propane cylinder must be constructed and marked in accordance with the specifications for LP gas cylinders of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) or the standard for cylinders, spheres and tubes for transportation of dangerous goods and commission, CAN/CSA-B339.The cylinder must have a listed overfilling prevention device.The cylinder must have a connection device compatible with the connection for the appliance.The cylinder used must include a collar to protect the cylinder valve.Never connect an unregulated propane cylinder to the heater.OPERATING INSTRUCTIONSLeak Check1. Make 2-3 oz. of leak check solution (one part liquid dishwashing detergent and three parts water).2. Apply several drops of solution where hose attaches to regulator.3. Apply several drops of solution where regulator connects to cylinder.4. Make sure all patio heater valves are OFF.5. Turn cylinder valve ON.IF BUBBLES APPEAR AT ANY CONNECTION, THERE IS A LEAK.1. Turn cylinder valve OFF.2. If leak is detected at hose/regulator connection, tighten connection and perform another leak test. If bubbles continue to appear, call our customer service hotline at 1-866-985-7877, 9 a.m. – 6 p.m., EST, Monday – Friday.check. If you continue to see bubbles after several attempts, cylinder valve is defective. Call our customer service hotline at 1-866-985-7877, 9 a.m. – 6 p.m., EST, Monday – FridayIF NO BUBBLES APPEAR AT ANY CONNECTION, THE CONNECTIONS ARE SECURE.Note: Whenever gas connections are loosened or removed, you must perform a complete leak check.Caution: Do not attempt to operate this appliance until you have read and understand all Safety Information in this manual and all assembly is complete and leak checks have been performed.Before Turning Gas Supply ON :1. Your heater was designed and approved for OUTDOOR use only. Do NOT use it inside a building, garage, or any other enclosed area.2. Make sure surrounding areas are free of combustible materials, gasoline, and other flammable vapors or liquids.3. Ensure that there is no obstruction to air ventilation. Be sure all gas connections are tight and there are no leaks.4. Be sure the cylinder cover is clear of debris. Be sure any component removed during assembly or servicing is replaced and fastened prior to starting.Before Lighting :1. Heater should be thoroughly inspected before each use, and by a qualified service person at least annually. If re-lighting a hot heater, always wait at least 5 minutes.2. Inspect the hose assembly for evidence of excessive abrasion, cuts, or wear. Suspected areas should be leak tested. If the hose leaks, it must be replaced prior to operation. Only use the replacement hose assembly specified by the manufacturer.Lighting :NOTE : For initial start or after any cylinder change, hold the control knob in for 2 minutes to purge air from all gas lines before proceeding.1. Turn the control knob to the “OFF” position.2. Fully open the LP cylinder valve.3. Turn the control knob half way between the small flame and the large flame symbols.4. Push control knob in and then push the RED igniter button to ignite the main burner. Repeat until the burner ignites. Keep the control knob fully pushed in for an additional 30 seconds after the burner ignites, then release the control knob.5. To increase the flame, turn the control knob clockwise toward the large flame symbol. To decrease the flame, turn the control know counter clockwise towards the small flame symbol.6. To turn the appliance OFF, push down the Control knob and turn clockwise to the OFF position.7. Wait at least 5 minutes before attempting to re-light the heater.8. Turn the gas cylinder valve to OFF or closed.If you experience any ignition problems, please consult “Troubleshooting” on page 13.Caution : Avoid inhaling fumes emitted from the heater’s first use. Smoke and odor from the burning of oils used in the manufacturing will appear. Both smoke and odor will dissipate after approximately 30 minutes. The heater should NOT produce thick black smoke.When Heater is ON:Emitter screen will become bright red due to intense heat. The color is more visible at night. Burner will display tongues of blue and yellow flame. These flames should not be yellow or produce thick black smoke, indicating an obstruction of airflow through the burners. The flame should be blue with straight yellow tops. If excessive yellow flame is detected, turn off heater and consult “Troubleshooting” on p age 13.Re-Lighting:Note: For your safety, control knob cannot be turned OFF without first depressing the control knob and then rotating to OFF.1. Turn control knob to OFF.2. Wait at least 5 minutes to allow gas to dissipate before re-lighting.3. Repe at the “Lighting” steps listed on page 10.Shut Down:1. Turn control knob clockwise to OFF while depressing the knob.(Normally, burner will make a slight popping noise when extinguished).2. Turn cylinder valve clockwise to OFF and disconnect regulator when heater is not in use.NOTE: After use, some discoloration of the emitter screen is normal.Operation Checklist:For a safe and pleasurable heating experience, perform this check before each use:Before Operating:1. I am familiar with entire ow ner’s manual and understand all precautions noted.2. All components are properly assembled, intact and operable.3. No alterations have been made.4. All gas connections are secure and do not leak.5. Wind velocity is below 10 mph.6. Unit will operate at reduced efficiency below 40 degrees F.7. Heater is for use outdoors (outside any enclosure).8. There is adequate fresh air ventilation.9. Heater is away from gasoline or other flammable liquids or vapors.10. Heater is away from windows, air intake openings, sprinklers and other water sources.11. Heater is at least 36 in. on top and at least 24 in. on sides from combustible materials.12. Heater is on a hard and level surface.13. There are no signs of spider or insect nests in heater orifices.14. All burner passages are clear.15. All air circulation passages are clear.16. Children and adults should be alerted to the hazards of high surface temperatures and should stay away to avoid burns or clothing ignition.17. Young children should be carefully supervised when they are in the area of the heater.18. Clothing or other protective material should not be hung from the heater, or placed on or near the heater.19. Any guard or other protective device removed for servicing the heater must be replaced prior to operating the heater.20. Installation and repair should be done by a qualified service person. The heater should be inspected before each use and at least annually by a qualified service person.21. More frequent cleaning may be required as necessary. It is imperative that control compartment burner and circulating air passageways of the heater be kept clean and free of debris and/or spider or insect nests.After Operation :1. Gas control knob is in OFF position.2. Gas tank valve is OFF.3. Disconnect gas line.To enjoy years of outstanding performance from your heater, make sure you perform the following maintenance activities on a regular basis:Keep exterior surfaces clean .1. Use soapy water for cleaning. Never use flammable or corrosive cleaning agents.2. While cleaning your unit, be sure to keep the area around the burner and control compartment dry at all times. Do not submerge the control valve assembly. If the gas control is submerged in water, do NOT use it. It must be replaced.3. Air flow must be unobstructed. Keep controls, burner, and circulating air passageways clean. Signs of possible blockage include:∙ Gas odor with extreme yellow tipping of flame. ∙ Heater does NOT reach the desired temperature. ∙ Heater glow is excessively uneven. ∙ Heater makes popping noise.∙ Spiders and insects can nest in burner or orifices. This dangerous condition can damage heater andrender it unsafe for use. Clean burner holes by using a heavy-duty pipe cleaner. Compressed air may help clear away smaller particles.∙ Carbon deposits may create a fire hazard. Clean dome and burner screen with warm soapy water if anycarbon deposits develop.Note : In a salt-air environment (such as near an ocean), corrosion occurs more quickly than normal. Frequently check for corroded areas and repair them promptly.TIP (FOR STAINLESS STEEL MODELS):Use high-quality automobile wax to help maintain the appearance of your heater. Apply to exterior surfaces from the post down. DO NOT apply to emitter screen or domes.Storage :Between uses:∙ Turn Control Knob OFF. ∙ Disconnect LP source.∙ Store heater upright in an area sheltered from direct contact with inclement weather (such as rain, sleet,hail, snow, dust and debris).∙ If desired, cover heater to protect exterior surfaces and to help prevent build-up in air passages. Neverleave LP cylinder exposed to direct sunlight or excessive heat.Note : Wait until heater is cool before covering .Service :Only a qualified service person should repair gas passages and associated components.Caution : Always allow heater to cool before attempting service.CARE AND MAINTENANCEIf you have any questions regarding this product, please call our customer service hotline at 1-866-985-7877, 9a.m. – 6 p.m. (EST), Monday – Friday, or email us at *************************.1 YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY – Customers in the Continental USAll components are warranted for a period of 1 year after date of purchase by the original owner against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. This warranty does NOT cover normal wear and weathering, assembly and/or maintenance OR use in a commercial application if model is not designat ed as a commercial model. At Well Traveled Living’s sole discretion, products under warranty will be repaired and/or replaced at no charge to the customer. Any returns sent back to Well Traveled Living must be sent via prepaid freight and in the original retail packaging.For warranty service contact Well Traveled Living at the address, phone numbers or internet site and email listed in this owner’s manual. Be sure to have your sales receipt, date of purchase and catalogue/model numbers available when cal ling. All warranty service will be coordinated by the Well Traveled Living’s, Amelia Island, Florida service center.This warranty is extended only to the original purchaser. Proof of purchase will be required before warranty service is rendered. The sales receipt is the only valid proof of purchase. This warranty only covers failures due to defects in materials or workmanship which occur during normal use. Failures and/or damage which result from accident, negligence, misuse, abuse, neglect, mishandling, alteration or modification, failure to maintain, improper assembly or maintenance, service by unauthorized agency or use of unauthorized components or damage that is attributable to acts of God are NOT covered.***THERE ARE NO EXPRESS WARRANTIES EXCEPT AS LISTED ABOVE******PURCHASER ASSUMES ALL RISKS IN THE ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION OF THIS UNIT*** ***FAILURE TO FOLLOW WARNINGS AND OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL CAN RESULT IN SEVERE PROPERTY DAMAGE AND/OR PERSONAL INJURY***IN NO EVENT WILL WELL TRAVELED LIVING, OR ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, IN TORT, OR ON ANY OTHER BASIS, FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL LOSS, COST, OR DAMAGE ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, MAINTENANCE, USE, OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF WELL TRAVELED LIVING OR ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS OR AGENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS OR DAMAGES, OR IF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, OR DAMAGES ARE FORESEEABLE. IN NO EVENT WILL WELL TRAVELED LIVING, OR ITS OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT LOSSES, COSTS OR DAMAGES THAT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT.SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO THE PURCHASER.This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the Sales of Goods shall not apply to this limited warranty or the sale of products covered by this limited warranty.***IMPORTANT NOTICE***-Do NOT r eturn to place of purchase-For customer service and warranty issuescontact our Customer Service Center at:(866)-985-7877 OREmail: *************************Customer Service Hours: Mon. – Fri. 9:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.(EST)Fire Sense®, Mojave Sun ®, and Well Traveled Living® are registered trademarks of Well Traveled Imports, Inc®. All assembly instruction presentations are the property of Well Traveled Imports, Inc.® and are protected by U.S. copyrightsand trademarks. All rights reserved.。

汽车专业英语

专业英语一automobile 汽车〔美〕assembly line 装配线petroleum refining石油提炼body and frame 车身与车架engine发动机、引擎drive line 传动系统running gear 控制装置suspension 悬架系统unitized body 承载式车身gasoline engine 汽油机diesel engine 柴油机gas turbine 燃气轮机battery 电池〔组〕fuel cell 燃料电池hybrid power混合动力系统piston 活塞rotary engine 转子发动机vehicle 车辆transmission 变速器drive shaft 传动轴differential 差速器rear axle 后轴rear-wheel drive 后轮驱动front-wheel drive 前轮驱动braking system 制动系统wheel 车轮tire 轮胎steering system 转向系统spring 弹簧shock absorber 减震器Macpherson strut 麦弗逊式悬架torsion bar 扭力杆strut rod 支撑杆stabilizer bar 横向稳定杆二internal combustion engine 内燃机external combustion engine 外燃机fuel 燃料steam engine 蒸汽机intermittent combustionengine 间隔燃烧式发动机continuous combustionengine 连续燃烧式发动机turbine engine 涡轮发动机rocket engine 火箭发动机jet engine 火箭发动机Wankel engine 汪克尔发动机、转子发动机stroke 行程cooling system 冷却系统fuel system 燃料系统ignition system 点火系统spark-ignition engine 火花点燃式发动机compression-ignition engine压燃式发动机liquid-cooled 水冷式〔液体冷却〕air-cooled 风冷式〔空气冷却〕三cylinder block 缸体cylinder 气缸connecting rod 连杆crankshaft 曲轴cylinder head 气缸盖combustion chamber燃烧室valve 气门、阀camshaft 凸轮轴flywheel 飞轮intake manifold 进气歧管exhaust manifold 排气歧管carburetor 化油器fuel injector 燃料喷射器cast iron 铸铁aluminum 铝cooling fluid 冷却液spark plug 火花塞intake valve 排气门cam 凸轮gear 齿轮belt 皮带chain 链条overhead camshaft〔OHC〕上置式凸轮轴rpm=revolutions per minute转速、转数每分钟horsepower 马力intake system 进气系统sensor 传感器oxygen sensor 氧传感器fuel induction燃料吸入系统四fuel tank 油箱fuel line 燃料管路fuel pump 燃料泵fuel filter燃料滤清器power train control module〔PCM〕动力系统控制模块fuel injection system 燃料喷射系统distributor 分电器ignition coil 点火线圈ignition wire 点火线路charging system 充电系统ignition switch 点火开关solenoid 电磁线圈starter motor 起动电机alternator 交流发电机voltage regulator 稳压器lubrication system润滑系统oil pump 机油泵oil filter 机油滤清器oil cooler 机油冷却器antifreeze 防冻液coolant pump 冷却液泵thermostat 节温器radiator 散热器、水箱clutch 离合器radiator overflow tank 散热器溢流箱、膨胀水箱air intake ducting 进气管air filter 空气滤清器manifold air pressure sensor 进气歧管压力传感器turbocharger 涡轮增压器muffler 消声器、消音器catalytic converter 催化转化器exhaust pipe 排气管pollution control system 排放控制系统carbon monoxide 一氧化碳nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物carbon canister 碳罐exhaust gas recirculator 〔EGR〕废气再循环positive crankcase ventilation 强制曲轴箱通风diverter valve 分流阀vapor-liquid separator 气液别离器vacuum modulator 真空调节器五timing 正时、定时air-fuel ratio 空燃比stoichiometric ratio 理论空燃比mixture 混合气top dead center〔TDC〕上止点bottom dead center〔BDC〕下止点bore 气缸直径、孔径crankpin 连杆轴颈、曲柄销throw 曲柄半径displacement 排量compression ratio 压缩比four-stroke engine 四冲程发动机intake stroke 进气冲程compression stroke 压缩冲程power stroke 做功行程exhaust stroke 排气行程preignition 提前点火valve overlap 气门重叠六two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机truck 货车、卡车bus 公共汽车Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯奔驰pickup truck 皮卡camper 露营车travel trailer 旅行拖车high-pressure injection 高压喷射low-pressure injection低压喷射injector 喷油器、喷嘴psi 磅/平方英寸〔英制压强单位〕photochemical smog 光化学烟雾outboard motor 舷外发动机snowmobile 摩托雪橇chain saw 链锯、电锯reed valve 簧片阀lubricant 润滑剂、润滑油scavenging 扫气General Motors 通用汽车blower 扫气泵rotor 转子coal-fired 燃煤的、烧煤的nuclear-powered 核动力的drivability 动力性、驱动性能generator 发电机transaxle 变速差速器、联合传动器electronic controller 电子控制器downshift 降档manual transmission 手动变速器hydrogen 氢carbon dioxide 二氧化碳oxygen 氧methanol 甲醇spacecraft 航天器、宇宙飞船anode 正极、阳极cathode 阴极、负极七oil pan 油底壳、机油盘water jacket 水套cylinder sleeve 气缸套dry sleeve 干缸套wet sleeve 湿缸套warpage 变形liner 衬套、衬垫bearing 轴承harmonic balancer vibrationdamper 扭转减震器timing gear 正时齿轮connecting rod journal 连杆轴颈main(bearing)journal主轴颈counterweight 平衡重thrust surface 推力面drive flange 传动法兰盘、凸缘fillet 圆角nose 〔曲轴〕前端pulley 皮带轮air conditioning 空调bearing cap 轴承盖copper 铜lead 铅Babbitt 巴氏合金tin 锡bearing clearance 轴承间隙thrust bearing 推力轴承、止推轴承thrust washer 推力垫圈、止推垫圈piston ring 活塞环compression ring 气环oil control ring 油环piston pin 活塞销lock ring 锁环piston land 活塞顶部heat dam 绝热槽piston head 活塞头部piston skirt 活塞裙部ring groove 活塞环槽piston pin bushing 活塞销衬套ring end gap 活塞销开口间隙ductile iron 球墨铸铁chromium 铬molybdenum 钼torsional ring 扭曲环chrome-plated 镀铬的rod cap 连杆盖bearing insert 轴承衬套八cross-flow head 横流式气缸盖coolant 冷却液head gasket 气缸垫wedge-shaped combustion chamber 楔形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber 半球形燃烧室open combustion chamber 开式燃烧室、统一式燃烧室pre-combustion chamber 预燃式燃烧室valve seat 气门座valve guide 气门导管retainer 弹簧座valve spring 气门弹簧high-chrome steel 高铬钢stellite 钴铬钨硬质合金keeper 锁紧装置valve stem 气门杆lifter 挺柱pushrod 推杆rocker arm 摇臂valve train clearance 气门间隙variable valve timing 可变气门正时九oil pressure regulator 机油压力调节器main oil gallery 主油道oil screen 机油滤网oil pressure sensor 机油压力传感器dashboard 仪表板sump 机油箱、油底壳baffle 挡板gear-type oil pump齿轮油泵rotor oil pump 转子油泵pressure regulator valve 调压阀十water pump 冷却水泵pressure cap 压力水箱盖fan 冷却风扇temperature indicator 温度指示器air-cooled system 风冷系统liquid-cooled system 水冷系统transmission cooler 自动变速箱油冷却器expansion tank 膨胀水箱housing 外壳impeller 叶轮、转子hub 轮毂pulley 皮带轮closed cooling system 闭式冷却系统十一electronic carburetor 电控化油器fuel vapor line 燃油蒸汽管fuel injector pump 喷油泵nozzle 喷嘴、管嘴plastic 塑料fuel cap 油箱盖filler neck 油箱填充口颈fuel metering unit 油量计量装置mechanical fuel pump 机械燃油泵electrical fuel pump 电动燃油泵fuel pressure regulator 燃油压力调节器injector fuel rail 燃油分配管、燃油轨direct injection system直接喷射式燃料系统indirect injection system 非直喷式燃料系统port fuel injection〔PFI〕进气道燃油喷射throttle body injection〔TBI〕气门体燃油喷射multiple-point fuel injection多点燃油喷射single-point fuel injection 单点燃油喷射continuous injection 连续喷射十二dry-type air filter 干式空气滤清器exhaust pipe 排气管undercarriage 底盘、下部结构fiberglass 玻璃纤维glass pack muffler 玻璃纤维消声器supercharging system 进气增压系统turbocharger 涡轮增压十三conventional ignition system十四传统点火系统primary circuit 初级回路〔低压回路〕secondary circuit 次级回路〔高压回路〕ballast resistor 附件电阻、稳流电阻crank 起动、摇转primary winding 初级线圈、一次绕组breaker 断电器secondary winding 次级线圈、二次绕组condenser 电容器arc 电弧distributor cap 分电器盖coil tower 点火线圈顶端接头surge 电涌振荡distributor shaft 分电器轴firing order 点火顺序electronic ignition system 电子点火系统semiconductor 半导体electronic spark timing〔EST〕电子点火正时ignition control〔IC〕点火控制hight energy ignition〔HEI〕module 高能点火模块computer-controlled coilignition system 微机控制线圈点火系统electronic ignition〔EI〕电子点火distributorless ignitionsystem 无分电器点火系统ignition module 点火控制模块direct ignition system 直接点火系统cableless EI system 无高压线电子点火系统。

汽车专业英语(P-Q)

P-QPP Park 停车P Pattern Select Switch 模式选择开关P *Parking *Power *Positive *Pitch *Pilot lamp *Page *Pair *Ply *(AT车)驻车位置 *动力 *正极 *节距 *引导灯 *页数 *对 *层数P Park 停车场P Peta 拍P Pico 皮P Page 页P Pitch 螺距,周节,纵倾P Ply (帘布的)层P Positive 正的,正数P Power 功率P Passable 可以通行P Pressure 压力P-AIR Pulse Air Induction Reactor 二次空气导入装置P-Y-R Pitch-Yaw-Roll 纵倾,横倾,横摆P.C. Pitch Circle 节圆P.D. Pitch Diameter 节圆直径P.F. Power Factor 功率因数P.S. Petrol Station 加油站P.T.O. Power Takeoff 动力输出P.U. Pickup 小型货车P/B Power Brakes 动力刹车P/C Printed Circuit 印刷电路P/C Parts Catalog 零件目录P/N Park/Neutral 驻车/空档P/S Powder Steering 动力转向P/S Pres Sw Power Steering Pressure Switch 动力转向压力开关PAB Power-Assisted Brake 助力制动PACV Pulse Air Check Valve (排气负压)脉冲空气止回阀PAF Pulse Air Feeder (排气负压)脉冲供气装置PAI or PAIR Pulse Air Injection (排气负压)脉冲空气喷射PAIR Pulse Air Injection Reaction System 二次喷气净化装置PAN Peroxy Acy1nitrate 光化学烟雾PAS Pulse Air Solenoid or System (排气负压)脉冲空气电磁阀或系统PAS Pulse Air Solenoid 脉冲输送空气电磁线圈PASS Passenger 乘客PASS. Passenger 乘客(侧)PAT Patent 专利PAV Pressure-Actuated-Venting 压力动作放气稳压阀PBD Pitch Circle Diameter 节圆直径PC Personal Computer 个人计算机PC Program Controlled 程(序)控(制)PC Piece 个,件PC Prechamber(engine) 预燃室式发动机PC-SOL Purge Control Solenoid 净化控制电磁阀PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板PCC Part-Load Cylinder Cutout (system) 部分负荷时停缸系统PCF Pounds Per Cubic Foot 磅/立方英尺PCI Prechamber Injection (combustion process) 预燃室喷射燃烧过程PCM Powertrain Control Module 传动系统控制模组PCOV Purge Control Valve 碳罐控制阀PCSDM Passenger Compartment Sensor/DiagnosticModule 乘客厢传感器/自诊模组PCT Precombustion Chamber Turbocharged 预燃室式涡轮增压柴油机PCTA Precombustion Chamber TurbochargedAftercooled 预燃室式涡轮增压后冷柴油机PCU Power Conditioning Unit 功率调节装置PCU Power Control Unit 功率控制装置PCV Positive Crankcase Ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风系统PCV Purge Control Valve 净化控制阀PCV Pressure Control Valve 压力控制阀,调压阀PCV VALVE Positive Crankcase VentilationValve 曲轴箱强制通风阀PD Protective Devices 保护装置PECV Power Enrichment Control Valve 强力加浓控制阀PET. Petrol 汽油PET. Petroleum 石油PETRL Petroleum 石油PEVR Power Enrichment Vacuum Regulator 电动增浓真空调节器PF Picofarad 皮法(电容单位,旧称微微法) PFAC Pedal Free Auto Choke 免踏板自动阻风PFE Exhaust Pressure Transducer 废气压力传感器PFE Pressure Feedback Electronic EGR 压力反馈电子EGRPFI Port Fuel Injection 进气燃油式喷射系统PFI or PGM-FI Programmed Fuel Injection 程式控制燃料喷射PGCV Purge Control Valve 碳罐控制阀PGM-CARB Programmed Carburetor 电脑控制化油器(本田) PGM-FI Programmed Fuel Injection(HONDA) 本田程序燃油喷射PH Potential of Hydrogen PH值,氢离子浓度指数PHCV Power Heat Control Valve 电热控制阀PHDV Power Heat Delay Valve 电热延迟阀PHE Programmable High Energy(ignitionsystem) 可编程序向能点火系统PI Petrol-Injection 汽油喷射的PIN Product Identification Number 产品识别码PIP Profile Igntion PickUp 表面点火感测PIST Piston 活塞PK,PK Park 停车场PKG Package 行李箱PKG. Package 组. 套PL *Pay load *Pilot Light *计酬负荷 *引导灯PL Part Load 部分负荷PLBS Partial Lean Burn System 局部稀值燃烧系统PLS Pulsating Air System 脉动空气进气系统PM Preventive Maintenance 预防保养PM Powder Matallurgy 粉末冶金PNEU Pneumatic 气体的,气压PNK Pink 粉红PNL Panel 格子板,板PNP SWITCH Park/Neutral Position Switch 空档/停车档开关POS Positive 正极Postn. Position 位置Pot. Potentiometer 电位计PPF Pounds Per Foot 磅/英尺PPG Pulses Per Gallon 每加仑脉冲数PPL Purple 紫色PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一PPS Ported Pressure Switch (节气门)通气孔压力开关PPS Progressive Power Steering 进级式动力转向PQC Production Quality Control 产品质量控制PR Ply Rating 层数(轮胎强度)PR Ply-Rating(of tires) 多层胎PR-CV Pressure Control Valve 压力控制阀PR.REGUL Pressure Regulatior 压力调节器PRC Programmable Ride Control 编程式的悬挂控制PRES Pressure 压力PRESS.REGUL Pressure Regulator 压力调节器PRGMR Programmer 编程器PRGMR. Primary 一次, 低压PRI Primary 一次侧(低压侧)PRNDL Park/Reverse/Neutral/Drive/Low 停车/倒车/空档/驾驶/低速PROCC (Ford) Programmed Controlled Combustion (system) 福特发动机程序控制燃烧系统PROG Programmable 可编程的PROM Programmable Read Only Memory 可编程只读存储器Prom. Programmable 可编程式PRTL Partial 局部PRV Pressure Regulating Valve 压力调节器PRY Primary 一次PS Push Switch 按压开关PS Power Steering 动力转向PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯PS Pneumatic Suspension 空气悬挂PS Power-Assisted Stecring 助力转向PSCU Power Steering Control Unit 动力方向盘电脑盒PSD Partical Shut Down 部分气缸停止工作PSG Pressure Compensated Simple Governor带压力补偿的简易调节器PSI Pound Per Square Inch 磅/平方英寸PSIA Pound Per Square Inch Absolute 压强每平方英寸磅PSON Programmable Speedometer/ OdometerModule 可编程速度表/里程表电脑盒PSOV Purge Shutoff Valve 净化开关阀PSP Power Steering Pressure 动力转向压力PSPS Power Steering Pressure Switch 动力转向压力开关PSR Power Steering Relay 动力方向盘继电器PSS Pattern Select Switch 样式选择开关PSTC Power Steering Test Connector 动力方向盘测试接头PSV Pulse Air Shutoff Valve 脉冲空气切换阀PSV Public Service Vehicle 公共汽车PSV Power Steering Valve 动力转向阀PT Part Throttle 节气门部分开启,部分油门PT. Pint 品脱(英制重量单位)PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient 温度系数PTCH Positive Temperature CoefficientHeater 正温度系数加温器PTE.STA. Petrol Station 加油站(英)PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯PTO Power Take Off 关闭电源PTOS Power Takeoff System 动力分导系统Pts Pints 品脱(1/8加仑)PTU Partial Throttle Unlock 部分节气门开启PURGE CV Purge Control Valve(canister purge valve) 净化控制阀(碳罐净化阀) PV Pulse Air Valve 脉冲空气阀PVA Ported Vacuum Advance (节气门)真空孔真空提前PVBrk Primary Vacuum Break 基本真空中断PVC Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯PVCS Power Vlave Control System 动力阀控制系统PVFFC Pressure/Vacuum Fuel Filler Cap 压力/真空加油盖PVS Ported Vacuum Switch 真空孔开关PW Pulse Width 脉冲宽度PWM Pulse Width Modulated 调谐脉冲宽度Pwr Power 电源,动力PWRGND Power Ground 电源接地PX Pistion Engine 活塞发动机QQ *Quation *Quantity *质问 *量Q Quantity 数量Q Quarter 四分之一,一刻钟,季度Q Question 问题Q.D. Quick Detachable 可快速拆卸的QC Quality Control 质量控制QEAV Quick Exhaust Air Valve 快速排气阀QOS Quick On Start System (五十铃)快速预热系统QOS Quick Exhaut Valve 快速起动装置QPS Quick Pulse System (五十铃)二次空气导入装置QRV Quick Release Valve 快速泄放阀QSSI (Isuzu)Quick Start and Silent IdlingSystem 五十发动机快速起动与低噪声怠速系统QT. Quart 夸脱(英制容量单位)QTS. Quarts 夸特QTY Quantity 数量QTZ Quartz 石英。

电仪专业英语词汇

BOP Burst out prevent防喷器，地面控制装置。

民航飞机各大系统专业词汇

民航飞机各大系统专业词汇Air Conditioning System （空调系统）PACK空调主件HOT BLEED AIR热引气OUTLET DUCT外流管BYPASS VALVE旁通活门RAM AIR 冲压空气INLET SCOOP 进气口TRIM AIR VALVE 调节空气PACK FLOW SWITCH空调主件流量EXTRACTOR FAN 排气风扇GUARDED FLAP 有保护盖的导片ISOLATION VALVE 隔离活门“LIGHT OUT”AUTO POSITION “灯灭”自动状态BLOWER 鼓风机EXTRCTOR排风扇OVERBOARD 机外ONBOARD机上OPEN-CIRCUIT开路CLOSED-CIRCUIT闭路CONFIGURATION 形态PASSENGER LOAD乘客载荷DOWNSTREAM下游STANDING WATER积水ATLN（ALTERNATE）备份CHANNEL通道PNEUMATIC气源DUAL 双的SWITCH OVER交换PRE-COOLER预冷机COOLANT冷却剂AMBER琥珀色VENTILATION通风CIRCUIT BREAKER跳开关PRESSURIZATION （增压）FLAPPER VALVES 瓣状活门TOGGLE 扳钮开关VACUUM 真空ISAO BARIC 等压BAROMETRIC 气压PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS 压差ANEROID SWITCH 膜盒气压STBY （STANDBY）备份DC DIRECT CURRENCY 直流电PSI （POUND PER SQUARE INCH）磅/平方英尺DITCH 水上迫降SUPERCHARGER 增压器INADVERTENT 偶然的LEAKAGE 漏、渗APRON 停机坪CEILING 顶板FREIGHT 货机ACCESSORY 副件THROTTLE LEVER 油门杆CRUISE 巡航NEGATIVE RELIEF VALVE 负压释放活门POSITIVE PRESSURE 正压AIRPORT ELEVATION 机场标高AUTOPILOT（自动驾驶）MOMENTUM 动量MIMICKING 模仿GLARE-SHIELD 遮光板ACTUATORS 制动器SURVEILLANCE 监视TRAJECTORY 轨迹QUADRANT 油门操纵杆FLEX（FLEXIBLE）灵活的MCT（MAXIMUM CONTINUE THRUST）最大连续推力 ELEVATORS 升降舵AILERON 副翼NAVAID 助航SID（STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE）标准仪表离场 STAR（STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTE）标准进场程序 MISSED APPROACH （GO AROUND）复飞AUGMENTATION 增加、增益FLIGHT ENVELOPE 飞行包线CDU（CONTOL DISPLAY UNIT）控制显示组件FMA（FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR）飞行方式显示器ADIRS（AIR DATA AND INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM）大气数据及惯性基准系统 MCP（MODE CONTROL PANEL）方式控制面板GPS（GLOBAL POSIITON SYSTEM）全球定位系统FLARE 平飘TOUCHDOWN 接地点FLY-BY-WIRE 电传操纵ACCELEROMETER 加速器ALIGNMENT 对准、校准SERVOMOTOR 伺服马达GYROSCOPE 陀螺THRUST REDUCTION ALT 减推力高度REVERSE 反推ARM 预位FPA（FLIGHT PATH ANGLE）飞行航径角LOCALIZER 航向道IDLE 慢车DETENT 卡位FPV（FLIGHT PATH VECTOR）飞行航径矢量CRM（COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT）驾驶舱资源管理PF（PILOT-FLIGHT）把杆飞行员PFD（PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY）主飞行显示PULLEY 滑轮 ROLL 滑跑SCROLL 翻动、卷起SLEW 上下选页VELOCITY 速度DATA BASE LOADER 数据库装载机ALPHA/NUMERIC KEY BOARD 字母/数字键盘SCRATCH PAD 草稿栏DYNAMIC AND BACKGROUD DATA 动态和背景数据TROPOPAUSE 对流层顶CYAN 深蓝色COST INDEX 成本指数ALIGNMENT 校准PROMPT 提示符EFOB（ESTIMATED FUEL ON BOARD）预计机上燃油MAGENTA 品红色、洋红色EAT（ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVING）预计到达时间ADC（AIR DATA COMPUTER）大气数据计算机CRT（CATHODE RAY TUBE）阴极射线管BITE （BUILD-IN TEST EQUIPMENT）内装测试设备 DEFAULT 缺席LSK（LINE SELECT KAY）行选键ASYMMETRIC 不对称TERMINAL AREA 终端区域COORDINATE 经纬度RNVA AREA NAVIGATION 区域导航EN-ROUTE 在航路上CFDS（CENTRALIZED FAULT DISPLAY SYSTEM）集中显示系统 COMMUNICATION （通讯）VIBRATIONS 振动IMPULSES 脉冲ANTENNA 大线MEGAHERTZ 兆赫兹CURVATURE 弯曲曲度IONOSPHERE 电离层TRANSCEIVER 无线电收发机RACK 设备架SQUELCH 静噪、噪声控制PASSENGER ADDRESS 旅客广播CABIN INTEROHONE 客舱内话INTERPHONE 内话机EVACUATION 疏散ROTARY 旋转的KNOB 旋钮DEDICATED 专用的BUZZER 蜂鸣声BOOM SET 吊杆耳机HEAD SET 耳机SELCAL 选择呼叫ACTIVE 正在使用HOT MIKEPRESS TO TALK （PTT）按下发话LATCHED 锁住PREEMPT 优先占有STUCK 阻塞PLUG 插入STRAIN 滤网SHIELD 过滤ROCK SWITCH 摇式电门FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM（I）（飞行控制（一））REJECTED T/O 中断起飞 CONVENTIONAL 通用的WHEEL 驾驶盘COLUMN 驾驶杆PEDAL 脚蹬SURFACE 舵面RUDDER 方向舵SPEED-BRAKE 减速板FLAP 襟翼STAB TRIM 调整片OVERRIDE SWITCH 超控电门YAW DAMPER 偏航阻尼器 CENTERING MECHANISM 定中机械 SWEEP BACK 后掠SPOILER 扰流板JAM 卡阻ROLL 滚转（横滚）PITCH 俯仰STABILIZER 安定面YAW 偏航YAW DAMPER RATE GYRO 偏航率陀螺仪 LONGITUDINAL AXIS 纵轴VERTICAL AXIS 垂轴LATERAL AXIS 横轴ACTUATING CYLINDER 作动筒 FAIRED POSITION 中立位FALL INTO SPIN 进入螺旋AIRFOIL 翼部面FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM（II）（飞行控制（二））SECONDARY FLIGHT CONTROL 辅助飞行操纵HIGH LIFT DEVICE 增升装置TRAILING EDGE（TE）后缘LEADING EDGE（LE）前缘POWER TRANSFER UNIT（PTU）动力传输装置STALL 失速MANEUVER 机动飞行INBOARD 内侧OURBOARD 外侧SLOTTED 开缝的THREE SLOTTED FLAP 三开缝襟翼DRAG 阻力COMPARATOR 比较仪ROLL RATE 滚转率MIXER 混合器DEFLECTION 偏转AERODYNAMIC MEAN CHORD 平均空气动力弦TORQUE 扭力JACK 千斤顶FIRE PROTECTION（I）（防火（一））FIRE PROTECTION 防火OVERHEAT 超温FIRE DETECTION 探火FIRE DETECTION LOOP 探火环FIRE ALERT 火警戒FAULT MONITORING CIRCUIT 失效监控电路WARNING BELL 火警铃GROUND PROXIMITY 近地ENGINE INDICATING AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM （EICAS）发动机指示和机组警戒系统 CATHODE-RAY-TUBE 阴极射线管ENGINE NACELLE 发动机舱CARGO COMPARTMENT 货舱THERMAL SWITCH 热电门CONTINUOUS-LOOP 连续环路BIMETALLIC 双金属的CERAMIC CORE 陶瓷芯INCONEL TUBE 因康镍合金管CERAMIC BEAD 陶瓷珠EUTECTIC SALT 易熔盐 MALFUNCTION 失效SMOKE DETECTION 烟雾探测SQUIB 爆炸帽IP（INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE）中压 FIRE PROTECTION（II）（防火（二））LOCK DOWN 下锁INADVERTENT 疏忽大意SHUTDOWN 关车UNLOCK 开锁TRIP 跳开关THRUST REVERSER 反推INERT COLD GAS AGENTS 惰冷气灭火剂 OXIDIZER 氧化剂CARBON DIOXIDE（CO2）二氧化碳 NITROGEN（N1）氮INERT GAS 惰气TOXICITY 毒性FREON 氟利昂SOLVENT 溶剂COMPATIBLE 与……相溶 CARTRIDGE 燃爆筒LAGGING 绝缘材料SOAK 浸、泡RESIDUE 滤渣、残余物 EXTINGUISHING AGENT 灭火剂 PRESSURE GAUGE 压力表MANIFOLD 管道RUPTURE 破裂UPHOLSTERY 饰面材料NOXIOUS GAS 毒气ELECTRICAL SYSTEM（I）（电子系统（一））GENERATE 发电DISTRIBUTE 配电ESSENTIAL POWER 重要设备电源VOLTAGE 电压PHASE 相TRANSＦＯＲＭER RECTIFIER UNIT（TRU）变压整流器BUS 汇流条LIGHTING CIRCUIT 照明电路EMERGENCY POWER 应急电源STANDBY POWER 备用电源ONBOARD 机载STATIC INVERTER 静变流机BATTERY 电瓶RAM AIR-DRIVER GENERATOR 冲压空气驱动发电机NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY 镍镉电池CONSTANT SPEED DRIVE（CSD）恒速驱动FREQUENCY 电频INTEGRATED DRIVE GENERATOR（IDG）综合驱动发电机ENGINE-DRIVEN GENERATOR 发动机驱动的发电机BATTERY CHARGER 电瓶充电器SWITCHED HOT BATTERY BUS 转换热电瓶汇流条ELECTRICAL LOAD 电载荷ELECTRICAL SYSTEM（II）（电子系统（二））TRANSFER BUS 转换汇流条TRANSFER RELAY 转换继电器RESPECTIVE 各自的MOMENTARILY 瞬间的ONSIDE 本侧LOAD 载荷、电荷TRIP OFF 跳开CHARGE 充电SERVICE BUS 勤务汇流条SPLIT BUS 分裂汇流条BUS TIE BREAKER （BTB）汇流条连接断路器GENERATOR CONTROL UNIT（GCU）发动机控制组件MONITOR 监控DIVISION 分配DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CURRENT TRANSＦＯＲＭERS（DPCTs）压差保护电流变压器 OPEN 断开SHORT 短路SYNCHRONOUS BUS 同步汇流条FUEL（燃油）INNER FUEL TANK 内侧燃油箱INTEGRAL TANK 整体油箱WING/FUSELAGE STRUCTURE 机翼/机身结构WING TIP 翼尖FUEL NOZZLE 燃油喷嘴CIRCULATE 循环VENT SURGE TANK 通风（防震动）油箱SPILLAGE 溢出CROSS-LINE 横条线DIVERT 转向GROSS WEIGHT （GW）全重REFUEL ACCESS DOOR 加油板的盖板REFUEL COUPLING DOOR 加油口盖SHROUD DRAIN MAST 排放管罩E/WD ENGINE AND WARNING DISPLAY 发动机警告指示 SPOUT 喷射INJECT 喷射CROSS FEED VALVE 交输供油活门SUCTION VALVE 虹吸活门CONDENSATION OF MOISTURE 水气凝结SEDIMENT 沉积物RUPTURE 破裂OVERFLOW DRAIN 溢流口REPLENISH 加油REFUEL PANEL ACCESS DOOR 加油面板盖板SINGLE REFILLING POINT 单点加油口REFUEL COUPLING DOOR 加油连接口盖SURGE TANK 通风油箱MAGNETIC FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR 磁性油尺FLUSH 齐平DRAIN VALVE 排放活门、排水活门 MAINTENANCE 维护、维修FLOAT VALVE 浮子活门FILLER CAP 漏斗口DUMP/JETTISON 放油HYDRAULIC SYSTEM （液压系统）RESERVOIR 液压油箱、水库FILTER 滤器、滤纸ACCUMULATOR 储压器、储蓄器EXPEL 排出、赶出PISTON 活塞CHARGE 释放、放出WHEEL BRAKE 机轮刹车装置NOSE WHEEL STEERING 前轮转向操纵PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE 主飞行操纵面 PRESSURE REGULATOR 调压器EMERGENCY PUMP 应急泵CHECK VALVE 单向活门SELECTOR VALVE 选择活门ACTUATING VALVE 卸荷活门 PREDETERMINED VALVE 预定值BALL VALVE 球形活门RETURN LINE 回油管路SPRING PRESSURE 弹簧压力STANDPIPE 竖管ICE AND RAIN （冰和雨）REPELLENT 防护剂SPRAY 喷、向……喷射PERFORATE 穿孔于THERMAL ANTI-ICING SYSTEM 热防冰系统 POTABLE WATER LINES 饮用水线WINDSHIELD 风挡ENGINE COWL 发动机整流罩WIPER 刮水器STATIC PORT 静压口AOA（THE ANGLE OF ATTTACK）迎角TAT（TOTAL AIR TEMPERATURE）全温SAT（STATIC AIR TEMPERATURE）静温VINYL CORE 乙烯树脂内芯GLASS PANE 玻璃窗格BIRD-STRIKE 鸟击CONDUCTIVE COATING 导电涂层ACRYLIC PANE 丙烯酸树脂ANGLE AIRFLOW SENSOR 气流角度传感器DALAY CIRCUIT 延迟电路SOLENOID VALVE 电磁活门SIGHR GAGE 目视测量表EIS（电子仪表系统）ATTENTION GATTER 提醒灯CHRONOGRAPH 记时器ELAPSED TIME 已飞时间PARAMETER 参数CHECKLIST 检查单DISPENSE WITH 省略UN-CLUTTER 混乱UTC（COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME）协调世界时 SCHEMATIC 图解形式EADI 电子姿态指示器EHSI 水平状态指示器SYMBOL GENEERATOR 符号发生器ARC MODE 弧型模式ROSE MODE 罗盘模式BEARING POINTER 方位指针DECISION HEIGHT 决断高度ADF（AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER）自动定向机GLIDE-SLOPE 下滑道DEVIATION 偏差SIDE SLIP 侧滑INTERFACE 界面、接口、连接ANALOG 模拟DFDR（DIGITAL FLIGHT DATA RECORDER）数字式飞行数据记录器 AN UNDERWATER LOCATOR BEACON 水下信标机DISCRETE SIGNAL 离散信号SLIP BALL 球形侧滑仪CROSS BAR 十字指令杆STOP-WATCH WAY 秒表（跑表）记时方式ROLL INDEX 横滚标志SUPERIMPOSE 重叠REFERENCE LINE 参考线SPEED TREND ARROW 速度趋势箭头TRUE NORTH 真北RAW DATA 原始数据LUBBER LINE 航向标线DEVIATION BAR 偏离杆COURSE POINTER 航道指针GRADUATION 刻度REMOTE 分装A DOUBLE LINED ARROW 双线箭头指针（双针）A GRAY ANALOG ALTITUDE TAPE 灰色模拟高度标尺带FRONT COOURSE DAGGER 向台航道箭形符号AIDS 飞机集成数据系统ECAM（ELECTRONIC CENTRALIZED AIRCRAFT MONITOR ）电子飞机集中监控SYNOPISIS 概要ORIENTATION 定向INDENT 缩进DISCRATE INPUT SIGNALS 离散的输入信号MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST（MEL）最低设备清单LANDING GEAR（起落架）GROUND LOOP 打地转NOSE OVER 拿大顶MARGIN 斜度CHOCK 轮挡BUNGEE CORD 弹簧索（减震支柱）ALUMINUM ALLOYS 铝合金SHOCK ABSORBER 减震器、缓冲器RUBBER BLOCK 橡皮块（减震器）OIL-AIR STRUT 油气式减震支柱TAILWHEEL GEAR 后三点式起落架TRICYCLE GEAR 前三点式起落架ANTISKID 防滑装置SHOCK STRUT 减震支柱UPLOCK HOOK 上位锁钩（起落架的）ALTERNATE EXTENSION （起落架）备用放出ACTUATOR 致动器、动作筒PSEU（PROXIMITY SWITCH ELECTRONIC UNIT）接近电门电子组件 TORSION LINKS 扭力臂TRUCK ASSEMBLY 轮架组件TRUNNION LINK 轴颈连杆TILLER 操纵杆NOSEWHEEL STEERING 前轮转向操纵THRUST REVERSER 反推装置SHUTTLE VALVE 往复活门DOWN-LOCK LINK 下锁连杆TILT 倾斜CENTERING CAM 定中凸轮OVER-CENTERING 过中BEARING 轴承CARBON BRAKE 碳素钢刹车NAVIGATION（I）导航（一）DEW POINT 露点NOISE ABATEMENT 减噪VOR（VERY-HIGH-FREGUENCY OMINI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE）甚高频全向信标VOR ORIENTATION VOR 定向、定位AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE UNITS（ADIRU）大气数据惯性基准组件DIGITAL DISTANCE AND RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR （DDRMI）数字距离无线电磁指示器 GPWS（GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM）近地警告系统THRESHOLD 跑道入口ADF（AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER）自动定向仪DME（DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT）测距仪PILOYAGE 地标领航AGL（ABOVE GROUND LEVEL）离地高度PFV（FLIGHT PATH VECTOR）飞行航经引导LASER GYRO 激光陀螺BEACON 信标台NAVIGATION（II）导航（二）TCAS（TRAFFIC AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM）空中交通避撞系统CAGING KNOB 锁定旋钮NEAR MISS 危险接近ATA（AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA）美国航空协会THRESHOLD 入口、标准APU（AUXILIARY POWER UNIT）（辅助动力装置）GAUGE 表CIRCUIT 电路、一圈DISCHARGE 放电SHUTDOWN 关车MAINTENANCE 维护、维修OVER-SPEED 超速LOAD 负荷ACCESS DOOR 进口门TUCK 使……隐藏PLENUM 集气室INDUCTION SYSTEM 进气系统INCIPIENT 早期的VARIABLE INLET GUIDE VANES 可调的进气导片 NOMINAL 额定的JEPPESEN CHARTS（杰普逊航图）INSTRUMENT FLIGHT 仪表飞行PHASE 阶段DEPARTURE 离场ENROUTE 航路ARRICAL 进场TRANSITION 过渡PROCEDURE 程序INSTRUMENT APPROACH 仪表进近SID（STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE）标准仪表离场 STAR（STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTE）标准进场航路 CHART LAYOUT 航图布局SYMBOLOGY 符号FACILITY 设施COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY 通信频率MSA（MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE）最低安全高度PLAN VIEW 平面图NAVIAID 导航、助航MORSE CODE 莫尔斯代码PROCEDURE TURN 程序转弯OUTBOUND 背台HOLDING 等待HEADING 航向RADIAL 径向线MISSED APPROACH 复飞MOCA 最低超障高度MAP 复飞点MSA 最低安全高度LDA 可用着陆距离MLS 微波着陆系统SDF 简易定向设施PAR 初始进近雷达MSL 平均海平面TEARDROP PATTERN 修正角HAT 高出接地点的高HAA 高出机场的高MEA 最小航路高RVR 跑道视程CLIMB （爬升）ROTATE 抬轮STICK SHAKER 抖杆BUFFET 发动机抖震OVERSHOOT 目测过高FUEL PRUDENT 节油OROGRAPHIC TURBULENCE 山岳形态的气流 PENALTY DRAG 阻力增大CB ACTIVITYDRAG 积云CONCEDE A REROUTE A提供一条新航路 OPTIMUM ALTITUDE 最适高度。

Airflow Regulator RPK说明书

CONSTANT AIR FLOW REGULATOR Systemair RPK0801001251402001802004006001000120016003-180014001800A i r f l o w q [ m . h ]Nominal dimension d [ mm ]ØDescriptionRPK is a constant air flow regulator which is used for exact mechanical setting of required air volume in ventilation systems without need of any other energy.RPK is characterized by: • regulation accuracy • easy mounting • maintenance-free• tight connection with the ductDesignIn standard manufacture is the regulator RPK made of zinc-plated steel sheets. Also all the other metal parts of the mechanisms are protected with zinc- plating. Special spring which is used in the regulator is made of high quality spring steel and is zinc-plated. Special sliding bearings suitable for high temperature ranges do not require lubrication. Upon customers´ wish can be regulator RPK casing furnished on the outside surface with powder color with any RAL color shade. Product delivery in …stainless steel“ version is not possible. Adjusting box is made of ABS plastic, functional parts inside the box are made of PA plastic.Regulator casing RPK - I is filled in with heat and sound protection insulation with thickness of 50 mm. It is recommended to mount it into insulated duct distribution together with sound attenuators. From the design point of view every regulator consists of its own regulator body that is furnished with sealing on every end.Ordering--Manufacturestandard insulated RPK RPK-INominal dimension 80 100 125140 160 180 200 250 315Surface finish RALFunctionConstant air flow regulators RPK enable regulation of individually required amounts of air in separate ventilation system branches. Regulator is solved in a way that it could work in environment without direct influence of weather and temperatures from -20°C to 80°C and relative humidi ty up to 80%. Recommended air flow velocity is from 3 to 8 m . s-1 at pressure difference to ∆p500 Pa. Accuracy of constant air flow volume is in average ± 5 % (± 10 % for outer settings) of set value. Adjusting of required constant amount is done by the user by turning of working screw on the right side of the cover and by moving the indicator cursor opposite to the sign on the scale. Regulators are delivered in two manufactures: with casing without insulation and with insulated casing. Rubber sealings at the ends of RPK are used for tight connection with the duct. Inside is the regulator setting of constant outgoing amount of air provided by changing the blade angle which is changed as a consequence of effect of supplied air to the blade linked through the arm with spring and vibration attenuator.Storage conditionsIt is recommended to store the products in closed and dry places in temperature range from – 20°C to + 60°C. WarrantyThe producer grants the product guarantee of 24 months from the shipment date.Nominal dimensionsSize [mm]v[m/s]q[m3 . h-1]ød1[mm]ød2[mm]L[mm]L1[mm]L2[mm]L3[mm]M[kg]m(i)[kg]80 4,3-8,475-140 78 17035026076 1230,8 1,7 100 3,7-7,5100-200 97 19035026086 136 1 2,1 125 3,2-7,1125-300 1222153602701001481,2 2,4 140 3,6-6,4190-340 1372303702801071561,4 2,8 160 4,3-8,9300-620 1572503802901171661,6 3,2 180 2,8-8,1250-720 1772703903001281761,9 3,6 200 3,2-7,3350-800 1972904003101381862,1 4 250 3,8-7,5650-13002473404253351642083,3 5,8 315 3,1-6,4850-1750312405500410196243 5 8,3Fig. 1 RPK main dimensionsFig. 2 RPK-I main dimensions1234567Fig. 3 RPK description1. Adjusting box2. Casing3. Regulation blade4. Indicator of adjusted air flow5. Scale6. Adjusting screw7. SealingMounting and maintenanceMounting of the regulator into the duct is done with methods common for mounting of ventilation elements. Before mounting we check the end of the duct where we slip on the end of the regulator. During the mounting must not a deformation of regulator’s casing happen because it could block the function of regulator blade and breaking its function. Regulator can be mounted to horizontal, diagonal or vertical duct in a way that the rotation axis of the blade was always horizontal (see fig.4). It is necessary to pay attention to correct direction of mounting so that the air wasentering the regulator according to the arrow direction, which is located on regulator casing and states the direction of the air flow. Connecting the duct and the regulator is done according to its size with grub screws ∅3,2x13 to ∅3,9x16 or with rivets of the same diameters and the connection is sealed with sealing tape. After mounting is the required amount of air flow adjusted by turning the working screw (see fig. 4). Working screw has a cut for spanner and sticks out on the right side of the cover. Adjustment of the required constant amount is done by turning of working screw to the right is the adjusted value increasing and by turning it to the left decreasing. It is needed to mount the regulator in a way that the access to the adjusting working screw was enabled. It is also necessary to pay attention to the bearing which gets out of the regulator ´s casing was not blocked by other constructions. For failure- free function of the regulator it is needed that the duct itself and the flexible ducts connected to it were suspended steadily. Supply part of the duct must be free of impurities. During the period of service of the regulator it is not necessary to do any maintenance. From that reason is the access to regulator’s mechanisms indefinitely closed. Required length of direct duct before regulator is L ≥3d. At L < 3d is the error of adjusted values in average ±10% so such a mounting is not recommended.Fig. 4 Way of mounting RPK and RPK - I204060801001201401601802000500100015002000Pressure loss of RPK when open80100125140160200250180315p[Pa]q [ m . h ]3-1p [ Pa ] q[m.h]3-1Regulator characteristics - example for RPK 140ØNominaldimensionq q ±q p minm3.h-1l.s-1% Pa8075 20,8 15 100100 27,8 15 100120 33,3 10 100140 38,9 10 100 100100 27,8 11 50150 41,7 8 50175 48,6 5 80200 55,6 5 100 125125 34,7 11 50200 55,6 8 50250 69,4 5 80300 83,3 5 100 140190 52,8 10 50250 69,4 7 50300 83,3 6 80340 94,4 5 100 160300 83,3 10 50400 111,1 6 50500 138,9 5 80620 172,2 5 100 180250 69,4 10 50400 111,1 6 50600 166,7 5 80720 200,0 5 100 200350 97,2 10 50500 138,9 5 50700 194,4 5 60800 222,2 5 90 250650 180,6 6 50900 250,0 5 501100 305,6 2 601300 361,1 2 90 315850 236,1 10 501200 333,3 5 501500 416,7 2 601750 486,1 2 90 Tab. 1 Table of inaccuracy。

Riello燃烧器安装和操作指南补充说明书

Installation and Operating Instruction SupplementUse in conjunction with the original technical literature supplied by Riello Riello BurnerGas or Oil-Fired Burnerfor use with Vitola200boilerHeating input83to300MBH24to88kWRiello BurnerIf theexactly,IMPORTANTRead and save these instructionsfor future reference.5265665v2.512/2009Safety,Installation and Warranty Requirements2Please ensure that this manual is read and understood before commencing installation.Failure to comply with the issues listed below and details printed in this manual can cause product/property damage ,severe personal injury ,and/or loss of life .Ensure all requirements below are understood and fulfilled (including detailed information found in manual subsections).Each of the following issues is very important and is discussed in detail in the boiler technical literature.Ensure that the installation complies fully and completely with all requirements set out in the boiler technical literature.H Licensed professional heating contractorThe installation,adjustment,service,and maintenance of this equipment must be performed by a licensed professional heating contractor."Please see section entitled “Important Regulatory and InstallationRequirements”.H Product documentationRead all applicable documentation before commencing installation.Store documentation near boiler in a readily accessible location for reference in the future by service personnel."For a listing of applicable literature,please see section entitled “Important Regulatory andInstallation Requirements”.H Advice to ownerOnce the installation work iscomplete,the heating contractor must familiarize the systemoperator/ultimate owner with all equipment,as well as safetyprecautions/requirements,shut-down procedure,and the need forprofessional service annually before the heating season begins.H Contaminated airAir contaminated by chemicals can cause by-products in the combustion process which are poisonous to inhabitants and destructive to Viessmann equipment.H Carbon monoxideImproper installation,adjustment,service and/or maintenance can cause flue products to flow into living space.Flue products contain poisonous carbon monoxide gas.H Fresh airThis equipment requires fresh air for safe operation and must be installed ensuring provisions for adequate combustion and ventilation air exist.H Equipment ventingNever operate boiler without an installed venting system .H WarrantyInformation contained in this and related product documentation must be read and followed.Failure to do so renders warranty null and void.5265665v 2.5Do not chlorine near the Never adequate air.AllContents3PageSafety Important Regulatory and Installation Requirements4....Set-upProduct Delivery 4.......................................................................Mounting Burner5......................................................................Burner Set-up -Gas 6.................................................................Burner Set-up -Oil10...................................................................Oil Cartridge Assembly 13...........................................................Burner Set-up -Gas and Oil13..................................................Start-up/AppendixStart-up Information 14................................................................Technical Data 15..........................................................................Wiring Diagram18.........................................................................Maintenance Record20...............................................................OperationLighting Instructions23...............................................................5265665v 2.5Safety4Take note of all symbols and notations intended to draw attention to potential hazards or important productinformation.Set-up5Installation1.Remove burner from carton.The universal mounting flange has been installed on the burner at the factory.2.Mount burner as shown in Figs.1and 2.5265665v 2.5Fig.1Installing burnerFig.2Securing burner flange to combustion chamberdoorSet-up6InstallationThe gas train may be mounted on the left or on the right side of burner.G200burners have a ½”NPT female gas connection.G400burners have a ¾”NPT female gas connection.Gas trainNG flow pressure:min. 4.0”w.c.max.10.5”w.c.LP flow pressure:min.8.0”w.c.max.13.0“w.c.Legend (Fig.3)Gas supply and gas flow direction Gas shut-off valve (field supplied)Gas supply pressure test point (field supplied)Gas train pipe diameter(s)Burner G200½”NPT Burner G400¾”NPTMaxitrol RV52with RV5210-13(brown spring 1.0to 3.5”w.c.)gas appliance pressure regulator Honeywell gas solenoid valve V8295N.C.(24V operated)Dungs MVD-LE model 200G200=MVD-LE 205/6(24V)G400=MVD-LE 207/6(24V)Gas burner manifold test pointGas piping pressure testThe burner and its gas connection must be leak-tested before placing theboiler/burner combination in operation.The burner and its individual shut-off valve must be disconnected from the gas supply piping system during any pressure testing of that system atpressures in excess of 0.5psig/3.5kPa.Unions and manifold have been factory-tested.Leak test must be repeated during initial operation of burner by heating contractor.Never check for gas leaks with an open e approved spray liquid or soap water solution for bubble test.5265665v 2.5IMPORTANTFig.3Gas train Field Supplied Viessmann Supplied"Set-up7Flow adjustment cap Pan head screwSealing cap/adjustment cap toolBurner manifold gas pressure adjustmentThe burner manifold gas pressuresettings must be performed using the RV52gas appliance regulator only .In the event of low gas supply pressure,increase gas supply pressure using the RV52gas regulator to required minimum gas supply pressure.Operating and Installation Instructions for gas train components (supplied)No preliminary adjustments required for Honeywell V8295N.C.gas solenoid valve.Adjustment steps1.Attach manometer to burner manifoldtest point (combustion head ).2.Start up burner and observe.3.Wait until burner has stabilized to adjust burner manifold pressure using the RV52gas appliance regulator,and set to required burner manifold pressure setting.Use factory default settings (pages 15and 16)as starting point only.4.To adjust the initial lift gas pressure remove sealing cap,exposing the lift adjustment knob,turn over cap,adjust knob to “+”to increase the start pressure and set to approx.0.7to 0.9“w.c.(manifold pressure).Factory default setting is set to 100%full flow.5.Restart appliance at least three times to finalize gas manifold setting and to determine a smooth ignition.6.If burner fails to ignite or ignition is delayed or hard,one or more of the following corrective actions may be required:H Adjust initial gas pressure settingon Dungs gas valve.H Ignition electrode and/or ionization (flame)rod is not set withinspecified range,adjust setting by referring to original Installation Instructions of Riello burner.5265665v 2.5Fig.4MVD-LE valve,sideviewFig.5MVD-LE valve,top viewIMPORTANTIMPORTANTIMPORTANTSet-up8Verifying input of gas boilersNatural gas burners must have gas input clocked using the gas meter.Ensure there is no gas flowing through the meter other than to the gas-fired boiler being checked.See pages 15and 16for gas flow rate and values for time (in seconds)for clocking gas meter.Clock at least 10revolutions on a one ft 3gas meter dial and divide time by 10.The value arrived at should be the same as shown on pages 15and 16.If necessary,manifold pressure must be adjusted to make sure burner is firing at nominal input.Do not exceed gas input stated on rating plate.Turn adjustment screw on gas pressure regulator (RV52)clockwise to increase gas flow,and counterclockwise to decrease gas flow (as per instructions on the previous page).If checking gas input with a manometer only use manifold pressures given in manual as a starting point,and use combustion instruments to ensure safe and efficient combustion values.Be sure to turn gas off before attaching or removing pressure taps.All plugs removed for the purpose of gas pressure measurements must be replaced and leak-tested after Replacement of 24V gas valveUse only replacement gas valves from Viessmann Manufacturing.The 24VAC Dungs ¾”MVD-LE 207/6and ½”MVD-LE 205/6direct spark valves are special valves designed to operate at the low manifold pressures required by the Riello burner for both natural and propane gas.Do not use other gas valve unless specified by Viessmann.Field measured combustion resultsUse the combustion data label packed with the gas burner to record fieldmeasured combustion results and affix label to gas burner.Adjustment data tag ANSI Z21-17b-1994Input:C.F.H.Manifold pressure Air damper Air/gas ratio No.Flue gas temp.O 2level:%CO 2level:ppm DateCompleted by Installing contractorIt is necessary to follow all safety information in the Riello technical literature as well as all other OEM component instructions shipped with this manual.The Viessmann factory settings are an initial guide to be verified or changed by the installer based on field measured combustion results.The burner settings arrived at during field measurements may be different from the generalizedconversion burner settings given in the Riello technical literature.5265665v 2.5IMPORTANTEach Riello manifold gas valve,IMPORTANTSet-up9Summary of changes to original Rielloburner Note the following constructiondifferences between the general Riello conversion burner and Riello burnersupplied for use on the Vitola boiler.N200and P200burners for use with Vitola 200VB2-18to VB2-40The 40-(N,P)200gas burners when supplied by Viessmann for VB2-18and -22are constructedwith drawer assembly diaphragm installed in the combustion head assembly for natural gas andpropane.SleeveDrawer assembly diaphragm OrificeThe main gas orifice for natural gas is changed from the 2.0mm orificenormally supplied with a 40-(N,P)200aftermarket conversion burner to that stated in the table below.The differences in orifice size for the VB2-18,-22cause the manifoldpressure adjustment information in the Riello 40-(N,P)200manual to be not e the manifold pressures in this manual as a starting point for burner adjustment for the VB2-18,-22.Do not change orifice,diaphragm or sleeve-combination.Contact the Viessmann Technical Department.Burner Model Model No.Boiler G200VB2-18G200VB2-22G200VB2-33G200VB2-40OrificeLP1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3SleeveNG n.a.installed installed n.a.LPinstalled installed installedinstalledDiaphragmNG installed installed n.a.n.a.LPinstalledinstalledn.a.n.a.n.a.=not applicable5265665v 2.5IMPORTANTH:15.8mm W:19.5mmN88mm 19m mSet-up10The oil burner is provided with its own oil filter and built-in flow check valve.The flow check valve is located in the return,and a manual shut-off is located in the supply.One-pipe systems1.Connect as shown in Fig.6.5265665v 2.5Fig.6Connection to a one-pipesystemSet-up112.Mount filter support bracket either on the side of the boiler (Fig.7)or on the front of the boiler (Fig.8).3.Mount filter and check valve assembly to mounting bracket (Fig.9).Filter is disposable type and must be replaced with the filter cartridge supplied by Viessmann.5265665v 2.5Fig.7Side-mounting support bracketFig.8Front-mounting supportbracketFig.9Mounting filter and check valveassemblySet-up12oil line from tankto oil pump on burner from oil pump on burner recirculation to filter4.Connect flexible oil lines to the filter check valve assembly.See Fig.10.Red:supply (connection with the red manual valve)Blue:return (connection with the check valve).The Riello burner shipped by Viessmann comes with the bypass plug alreadyinstalled,ready for two-pipe connection.For a one-pipe system (gravity system where the oil tank is above the burner)use the copper tee provided.This tee converts the two-pipe system to a one-pipe system.The oil not used by the pump recirculates into the supply line.Pipe sealant must be used on the threaded ends of the flare fittings which join the copper tee to the filter check valve assembly .5.Install tee as shown in Fig.11.5265665v 2.5Fig.10Connect oil supply and returnlinesFig.11Converting two-pipe system to one-pipe systemSet-up131.Check that all surfaces are clean before installing new O-ring supplied with replacement filter cartridge.2.Set O-ring in place and mount new filter cartridge.3.Attach clear plastic cup and tighten brass nut.Never tighten brass nut with a tool;hand tighten only.Cap and O-ring mightdeform and leak air.The flare adaptors are tapped 3/8”BSP (British straight pipe)at the factory.Replacement flare adaptors must be ordered from Viessmann.Do not use 3/8”NPT flare adaptor as replacement.Burner Set-up -Gas and OilRefer to Riello instructions for adequatefuel supply pipe sizing and sequence of burner operation.Ensure an adequate supply of fresh combustion and ventilation air for safe operation.Refer to codes mentioned on page 4.Electrical connections1.Run the plug-in connector cable of the Vitotronic control down behind the front panel of the boiler and out through the wire strain relief as per the boiler installation instructions (Electrical Connections).2.Connect the female plug of the burner to the male plug of the Vitotronic control.See Fig.13.Installation Instructions Riello gas or oil burner5265665v 2.5Fig.12Oil cartridge assemblyIMPORTANTIMPORTANTWhen mounted,cup.Check IMPORTANTFig.13The quick-connect plug-insystemStart-up Information14Boiler start-upStart-up/Service Instructionsof boiler,as well as literature of burner,burner test sheet and control literature.Combustion analysisThis gas or oil burner requires combustion measurements to beperformed at the final installation site by a licensed heating contractor toverify factory settings,or to be used as a guide in changing burner settings to suit local conditions.Examples of local conditions which influence combustion results include:weather conditions,length of horizontal vent pipe,diameter and height of the chimney,side wall venting (power vent),altitude above sea level,quality and heating value of gas or oil used,maximum number of other fuel burning appliances running at the same time.These conditions affect the burnerset-up.The burner must be adjusted for acceptable combustion results under local conditions of the installation.When the boiler is fired for the first time,the ceramic fiber insulation at the back of the combustion chamber door will require ½to 1hour of firing time to “cure”.An odor may occur during this time.Final measurements of CO must be done only after the “cure”is complete.Combustion measurements (CO 2,stack temperature,draft and CO)are taken in the flue pipe between boiler and barometric draft regulator beforedilution air (see the installation manual).Overfire draft is measured at thecombustion chamber observation port opening.The expected CO 2products of combustion are printed below.These values are based on average results -slightly higher or lower values may be suitable depending on installation conditions.Fuel NG LP Oil CO 29.5to 10.2%10.0to 11.5%11.0to 13.0%The CO concentration should be asshown on the Viessmann quality control burner test results.If the COconcentration is above 50ppm,then measures should be taken to decrease concentration to a value below 50ppm.Steps to be taken include:ensuring sufficient supply of combustion air,adjusting air gate settings,ensuring chimney and vent are correct and meet safety codes,verifying boiler input and burner settings,replacing any defective part on burner,contactingmanufacturer’s technical sales representative for assistance.5265665v 2.5IMPORTANTTest port for combustion analysis equipmentDO NOT CRANKCASE OIL CONTAINING Do not controls.DO NOT BURNER ACCUMULATED,Appendix15Natural gasThe above specifications are for 0-2000ft.above sea level.Burner test resultsThe indicated values for manifold and air gate settings are the result of production line testing under ideal conditions.Final burner adjustment to suit local field conditions is necessary for safe operation.Observe the stated minimum and maximum supply gas pressures.Exposing the burner gas train to supply pressures other than the stated values can cause unsafe conditions.Viessmann strongly recommends the installation of an approved type CO detector in the vicinity of any gas burning equipment.Observe national and/or local code requirements.If in doubt consult your local gas company.Verification of resultsThe burner adjustment values indicated serve as a starting point bustion results must be field verified using properly calibratedBacharach or equivalent instruments.Each burner is certified for one input only.Do not overfire or underfire burner.Technical dataFuel natural gas ...........................................Averageheating value 1000MBH/ft 3...................Inlet gas pressuremin.4.0”w.c............max.10.5”w.c.Draft regulatorVB2-18to -40MG16”...........................VB2-50to -63MG17”...........................Overfire draft +0.01”w.c......................Max.breeching draft -0.02”w.c...........INPUT =3600/T x 1000where T =TIME (sec.)for 1ft 3natural gas INPUT =(3600x 0.01x 1000x 35.31)/T where T =TIME (sec.)for 0.01m 3natural gas5265665v 2.5Do not Factory changed IMPORTANTAppendix16Liquid propaneThe above specifications are for 0-2000ft.above sea level.Burner test resultsThe indicated values for manifold and air gate settings are the result of production line testing under ideal conditions.Final burner adjustment to suit local field conditions is necessary for safe operation.Observe the stated minimum and maximum supply gas pressures.Exposing the burner gas train to supply pressures other than the stated values can cause unsafe conditions.Viessmann strongly recommends the installation of an approved type CO detector in the vicinity of any gas burning equipment.Observe national and/or local code requirements.If in doubt consult your local LP company.Verification of resultsThe burner adjustment values indicated serve as a starting point bustion results must be field verified using properly calibratedBacharach or equivalent instruments.Each burner is certified for one input only.Do not overfire or underfire burner.Technical dataFuel propane gas .........................................Averageheating value 2500MBH/ft 3...................Inlet gas pressuremin.8”w.c............max.13”w.c.Draft regulatorVB2-18to -40MG16”...............VB2-50to -63MG17”...............Overfire draft +0.01”w.c....................Max.breeching draft -0.02”w.c......INPUT =3600/T x 2500where T =TIME (sec.)for 1ft 3propane gas INPUT =(3600x 0.01x 2500x 35.31)/T where T =TIME (sec.)for 0.01m 3propane gas5265665v 2.5Do not Factory changed IMPORTANTAppendixFig.14Air tube insertion (VB2-18,-22,-33)a asemi-flange(VB2-40,-50,-63)17Fuel oil No.2In multiple-boiler installations,a booster pump may be required.F10burners for use with Vitola 200VB2-50,VB2-63The F10as supplied by Viessmann uses the 10”long tube and a specialturbulator disc and end cone unique to Viessmann.Order replacements from Viessmann only.5265665v 2.5IMPORTANTAppendix18Vitotronic boiler controlRiello burner120VAC,60Hz,2.5ABurner plug-in connector(male and female)Primary control connections;connect blue wire to the followingterminal on the control box:Fuel NG LP OilTerminal776Motorized air damper(gas burneronly)Low water cut-off(field supplied,if required)Heating system ON/OFF switch120VAC,installer must provide15A overcurrent protectionReceptacle(site)120VACInstall the boiler as described in itstechnical documentation beforeinstalling or operating the burner.120VAC is supplied to burner viaplug-in connector.Do not connectadditional120VAC to burner.If any of the original wires as suppliedwith the appliance must be replaced,replace with221°F/105°C rated or itsequivalent.Minimum size18AWG.5265665v2.5LWCOTurn offsupplyContactLabelwhencan causeAppendix191.Install blocked vent switch(see enclosed FieldControls WMO-1Installation Instructions).2.Run BX cable (armored cable)or any other approved wire (required by local authorities having jurisdiction)from WMO-1switch to burner e nominal ½”electrical knockout provided on Riello plate forconnectors.If necessary,relocate wiring harness strain relief to other electrical opening provided.3.Disconnect black wire (BK)of 7-poleplug from oil burner primary control base.4.Rewire (wire nut included)the black wire (BK)through WMO-1safety switch and back to terminal “L”of the oil burner primary control.52Legend BK Black BU Blue GN Green RD Red WHWhiteFor use Do not sidewallAppendix20Service binder1.File all Parts Lists,Operating and Service Instructions in the Service Binder.2.Install a protective hanging case near the boiler and store the Service Binder in this location.MaintenanceBefore each heating season begins,have the following service and maintenance done by a licensed,professional heating contractor:1.Boiler heat exchanger inspected and cleaned.2.Vent system inspected fordeterioration,leaks,corrosion,proper draft,and proper operation.Check vent system for compliance withlocal and national code requirements.Repair or replace as required.3.Burner checked and,if necessary,adjusted for proper combustion and operation.Check for adequate supply of fresh outside combustion and ventilation air.5265665v 2.5Neglecting maintenance operation.Appendix215265665v 2.5Appendix225 2 6 5 6 6 5 v 2 . 5OperationManual gas shutoffOpenClosedTO1.Set thermostat or other operating controlsetting.2.Turn off all electric power to the applianceis to be performed.3.Close main gas shut-off valve.23Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc.750McMurray RoadWaterloo,Ontario •N2V 2G5•CanadaTel.(519)885-6300•Fax (519)885-0887www.viessmann.ca •*****************Viessmann Manufacturing Company (U.S.)Inc.45Access RoadWarwick,Rhode Island •02886•USATel.(401)732-0667•Fax (401)732-0590 •*********************24Conversion Table H “w.c.x 2.54=mbar H mbar x 0.394=“w.c.H kW x 3413=Btu H bar x 14.5=psigH kg x 0.289=USG (#2oil)H BHP x 9.8=kW H BHP x 33779=Btu H m x 3.28=ft.H m 3x 35.3=ft.3H kcal x 3968=BtuH Cal value NG =950-1050Btu/ft.3H Cal value LP =2450-2500Btu/ft.3H Motor kW x 1.31=Motor HPNG Natural Gas LP Liquid PropaneQuick Reference °C °F -40-40-35-31-25-13-20-4-180-16+3-14+7-12+10-10+14-9+16-8+18-7+19-6+21-5+23-4+25-3+27-2+28-1+300+32+1+34+2+36+3+37+4+39+5+41+6+43+7+45+8+46+9+48+10+50+12+54+14+57+16+61+18+64+20+68+25+77+30+86+35+95+40+104+50+122+60+140+70+158+80+176+90+194+100+212+110+2305265665v 2.5T e c h n i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e w i t h o u t n o t i c e .。

常用“矿井通风与空气调节”英汉专业词汇

为了便于一些同学阅读矿井通风与空调方面的英文参考资料和为以后撰写英文论文发表，下面给出了一些常见的矿井通风与空调中英文专业词汇。

Abandoned workings 废弃坑道Absolute pressure 绝对压力Acceptable accuracy 允许精度Active regulation 主动调节（增压调节）Actual characteristic curves实际特征曲线Adiabatic and isentropic processes等熵线绝热的过程Adiabatic saturation process 绝热饱和过程Aerofoils风板Aerosol particles 气溶胶粒子Air crossings 风桥Air mover 鼓风机Air power空气动力Air pressure management 风压管理Air quantity survey空气质量调查Air regulators 风窗Airborne pollutants空气污染物Airflow measurements 风流测定Airflow reversal反向风流Airlock 气闸Airlocks 风门Airway resistance curve风路阻力曲线Alpha, beta and gamma radiation阿尔法、贝塔和伽玛辐射Altimeters 高度计Angular velocity角速度Asbestos 石棉Atkinson equation阿特金森方程式Atmospheric conditions 大气状态Atmospheric pressure 大气压力Auxiliary ventilation 辅助通风Axial fan轴流风机Axial impeller轴向式叶轮Backfill material 充填材料Barometers 气压计Barometric pressure at inlet 入口气压Becquerel (Bq) 贝克勒尔Bernoulli's equation for ideal fluids 理想流体伯努力方程Biot number 比奥数Blackdamp 窒息气体Blast fume炮烟Booster fans 局扇Boreholes 钻孔Branch resistance分支阻力Branch tree分支树Brattice curtain 风帘Brattices 风帘Bronchioles 细支气管Brownian motion 布朗运动Buoyancy (natural draft) effect浮力作用Burying the fire掩埋火源Cage and skip 罐笼和箕斗Carbon dioxide produced生成二氧化碳Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Carcinogenic (cancer causing) dusts 致癌粉尘Carnot cycle 卡诺循环Centrifugal fan离心风机Centrifugal impeller离心叶轮Chemical absorption化学吸收Chézy-Darcy equation谢兹-达西方程Chilled water spray chamber 冷却液体喷雾室Choke effect瓶颈效应Circular airway 循环风路Closed loop闭环Closed path回路Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) 煤工尘肺病Coefficient of drag阻力系数Coefficient of dynamic viscosity动力粘度系数Coefficient of friction摩擦系数Compressed air-assisted sprays 压气助喷雾Compressible flow可压缩流Computational fluid dynamics计算流体力学Condenser cooling tower 凝气器降热塔Condenser 冷凝器Consolidation 固结Contaminants 污染物Continuity equation 连续方程Controlled partial recirculation 受控开路循环通风Controlled recirculation in headings 掘进面受控循环通风Convected energy 扩散能Convective heat transfer 对流换热Conveyance运输工具Copper orebody 铜矿体Cross section of a duct or airway 管道或风路断面Curie, Ci 居里Cylindrical cyclone重力旋流器Dealing with a spontaneous heating 处理自热Degrees Celsius 摄氏度Degrees Kelvin绝对温度Density of gases 气体密度Desorption kinetics解吸动力学Dew point hygrometers 露点毛发湿度计Diaphragm gauge 隔膜片仪表Diesel emissions柴油机排放物Diesel exhaust fume柴油机尾气Diesel particulate matter柴油机颗粒物质Differential pressure instruments 微压差计Dimensionless无量刚Disaster management 灾害管理District systems 分区通风系统Dose rates 剂量率Downcast shaft入风井Droplet diameter雾滴直径Duct system风管系统Dust suppression 降尘Dynamic behavior of molecules 分子运动特征Electrochemical methods电化学方法Electrostatic precipitators 电除尘器Emanation of radon 氡的辐射Empirical method 经验方法Energy recovery device 能量回收装置Enthalpy of moist air潮湿空气的焓Enthalpy 焓Entry and exit losses 入口和出口阻力损失Environmental engineering 环境工程Equivalent length当量长度Equivalent resistance等效风阻Equivalent resistance等效阻力Equivalent sand grain roughness相当砂粒粗糙度Escape way 逃生通道；安全通道Euler's equation欧拉方程Evaporator蒸发器Excavating the fire挖掘火源Exhausting air 抽出空气Exhausting system 抽出式通风系统Explosive dusts 爆炸粉尘Explosives炸药Fan characteristic curve风机特征曲线Fan maintenance 风机维护Fan performance 风机性能Fan static pressure风机静压Fan total pressure风机全压Fan velocity pressure风机速度压Fibrogenic dusts 矿渣粉尘Filament and catalytic oxidation (pellistor) detectors丝状催化氧化探测器Fire triangle 火三角Firedamp 甲烷Firefighting with water 以水灭火First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Fixed point measurement固定点测量Fixed quantity branch固定风量分支Flame safety lamps灯具安全火焰Flexible tubing 柔性风筒Flooded orifice scrubber 水淹孔洗涤器Flooding and sealing off 溢出和密封作用Flow work 流动功Fluid mechanics 流体力学Fluid pressure 流体压力Fog 雾Fogged air 雾气Forcing air压入空气Forcing or blowing system 压入式通风系统Fourier number傅里叶数Fragmented rock 破碎岩石Free crystalline silica (quartz, sand stones, flint)游离硅晶体Friction factor摩擦系数Frictional flow 摩擦流动Frictional losses摩擦损失Frictional pressure drop摩擦压降Frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Frictionless manner 无摩擦状态Gas adsorbents 气体吸收剂Gas chromatography气相色谱Gas constants 气体常数Gas drainage 瓦斯抽放Gas laws 气体定律Geothermic gradient 地热梯度Gob drainage采空区抽放气体Grab samples 样品收集Gravitational field 重力场Gravitational settlement of particles 引力沉降颗粒Gravitational settlement 重力沉降Hair hygrometers 毛发湿度计Hardy-Cross technique哈代克劳斯技术Haulage airways 运输风路Haulage level 运输平巷Heat capacity 热容Heat cramps 中暑痉挛Heat diffusivity 热扩散系数Heat exchanger 换热器Heat exchange换热Heat exhaustion 热量消耗Heat fainting 热昏厥Heat flux 热通量Heat illness 中暑Heat rash 热疹Heat stroke 中暑Heat tolerance 耐热性Heat transfer coefficient 传热系数High expansion foam高倍数泡沫High pressure tapping高压测压孔Hoisting shaft提升竖井Hot wire anemometer热线风速仪Hydraulic radius水力半径Hydrogen sulfide硫化氢气Hydrolift system 水力提升系统Hydropower 水电Ice system 冷却系统Ideal gas 理想空气Ideal isothermal compression理想恒温压缩Immediate response 应急反应Induction 感应Industrial Hygienists 工业卫生学家Inhalation rate吸入速度Initiation of explosions引发爆炸Injection of inert gases注射惰性气体Inlet and outlet ducts入口和出口管In-situ measurement 现场测量Intake airway 进风风路Interception and electrostatic precipitation 截留和静电沉淀Interference factor干扰因素Interferometers干涉计Internal Energy 内能Ionization smoke detectors离子感烟探测器Iron pyrites黄铁矿Jet fan 射流风机Junction节点Kata thermometer 卡它计Kinetic energy 动能Kirchhoff's Laws 基尔霍夫定律Laminar and turbulent flow层流和紊流Laminar resistance 层流阻力Laminar sublayer层流次边界层Laser spectroscopy激光光谱学Latent (or hidden) heat of the air空气的潜热Layout of mine 矿井布置Leakage control漏风控制Legislation 法规Level workings阶段工作面Loading station装运站Longitudinal fittings纵向装备Longwall长壁开采法Machine mounted gas monitors悬挂式气体检测器Main fans 主扇Main haulage route主运输道Main return 主（总）回风道Manometers 压差计Mass flow 质量流量Mass spectrometers质谱仪Mean free path 平均自由程Mean velocity of air 平均风速Mesh selection网孔选择Mesh网Metabolic heat balance 代谢热量平衡Metabolic heat代谢热Metal mine fires金属矿井火灾Meteorology 气象Methane drainage瓦斯排放Methane 甲烷Method of mining 采矿方法Mine climate 矿井气候Mine resistance 矿井阻力Mine ventilation 矿井通风Mist eliminator 除雾器Mist 雾Moisture content (specific humidity) of air空气的含湿量Momentum 动量Monitoring systems 监测系统Moving traverses运动线路Natural ventilating effect自然通风影响Natural ventilation 自然通风Neutral skin temperature 中性表皮温度Nikuradse's curves 尼库拉则曲线Nondispersive infra-red gas analyzer非分散红外线气体分析仪Nuisance dusts 粉尘污染Numerical method数值方法Nusselt number努塞尔数Old workings老工作面One standard atmosphere 一个标准大气压Open and concealed fires 明火和隐蔽火灾Ore pass 放矿溜井Ore production矿石生产Orebody deposit 矿体Outbursts from roof and floor 顶板和底板瓦斯突出Overlap systems of auxiliary ventilation 混合式局部通风Oxides of nitrogen氧化氮Oxygen Consumption耗氧量Parallel network or circuit并联网络或回路Paramagnetic analyzer 顺磁分析仪Passive regulator 可调风窗Pellistor methanometers瓦斯检定器Peripheral velocity圆周速度Permanent environmental monitors 持久环境监控Permeability 渗透率Personal dosemeters 个人剂量计Personal respirators 个体呼吸器Phases of oxidation氧化反应阶段Photometric (light-scattering) methods 分光光度Physical adsorption物理吸附Physical thermodynamics 物理热力学Pick face flushing and jet-assisted cutting 锯齿面冲洗与喷气助推器切割Piezoelectric instruments 压电仪器Pitot-static tube皮托静压管Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)聚氯乙烯Potential energy 势能Prandtl number 普兰特尔数Precautions against spontaneous combustion自燃预防Pressure energy 压能Pressure head 压头Pressure surveys压力调查Pressure transducers 压力传感器Pressure-volume surveys压力容积测量Profilometer轮廓仪Psychrometric chart 温湿图Psychrometric measurements 干湿度测量Push-pull system 压-抽混合式通风系统Radial velocity径向速度Radiation 辐射Radiative heat transfer 辐射传热Radioactive decay and half-life放射衰变和半衰期Radon daughters氡子体Radon decay constant 氡的衰变常数Radon, Rn氡气Ramp 斜坡道Rates of heat production 生产率Rates of oxygen consumption 氧气消耗率Refrigerant fluid 制冷液Refrigeration cycle制冷循环Refrigeration systems 制冷系统Refuge chambers避难洞室Regulator 调节器Relative humidity and percentage humidity相对湿度和湿度率Removal of dust from air 气体除尘Re-opening a sealed area重开封闭区Respirable dust呼吸性粉尘Respiratory system 呼吸系统Return airway 回风巷Reynolds Number雷诺数Room and pillar房柱式Rotating vane anemometer旋转叶片风速表Rough pipes 粗管Roughness粗糙度Safety and Health 安全卫生Saturation vapor pressure 饱和蒸汽压Sealants密封剂Seals 密闭Second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Self-heating temperature (SHT) 自热温度Self-rescuers 自救器Sensible heat of the air 空气的显热Series network or circuit串连网络或回路Shaft fittings 井筒装备Shaft wall井壁Shear stress 剪切应力Shock loss factor冲击损耗系数Shock losses 冲击损失Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 短时间接触阈限值SI system of units 国际标准单位体系Sigma heat 西格玛热Smoke tube烟筒Smoking and flame safety lamps 烟火安全灯Smooth concrete lined光滑混凝土内衬Specific heat (thermal capacity)比热容Specific heats 比热Spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores硫化矿自燃Spontaneous combustion自燃Spontaneous heating 自热Spot cooler 现场冷却器Spray fan 喷雾风机Steady flow energy equation稳流能量方程Steady flow physical thermodynamics稳流物理热力学Steady-flow thermodynamics 稳定流热力学Stokes' diameter斯托克斯粒径Stoping areas 回采区Stoppings 密闭Subsurface openings 地下空间Subsurface ventilation 地下通风Sulfide dust explosions 硫化矿粉尘爆炸Sulfur dioxide二氧化硫Sulfuric acid vapor硫酸雾Swinging vane anemometer摆动叶片风速表Tangential velocity at outlet出口切向速度Temperature-entropy diagram温熵图Temporary stopping暂时停止Terminal velocities 自由沉降速度The square law平方定律Thermal conductivity of insulation 绝缘导电温度Thermal conductivity导热系数Thermal equilibrium 热平衡Thermodynamic state 热力学状态Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) 热释光剂量计Thermoregulation 体温调节Threshold limit values (TLV) 阈限值Through-flow ventilation 贯穿通风Time-Weighted Average (TWA)时间加权平均Total energy balance 总能量守恒Total shaft resistance 井筒总阻力Tube bundle systems 管束系统Turbulent resistance紊流阻力U tube manometers U型压差计U tube U型管Uncontrolled recirculation 无控循环通风Underground ventilation system 地下通风系统Unloading station卸载站Upcast shaft出风井Uranium mines 铀矿Vasodilation 血管舒张Velocity contour等流速线Velocity limit速度限值Velocity pressures 动压Velometer速度计Ventilation circuit 通风回路Ventilation door 风门Ventilation engineers 通风工程师Ventilation network analysis通风网络分析Ventilation planning 通风设计Ventilation raise 通风天井Ventilation survey team 通风测量术语Ventilation survey通风测量Venturi scrubber文丘里洗涤器Vertex顶点Viscosity 粘度Viscous drag粘性阻力Volume flow 体积流量Volumetric efficiency 容积效率Vortex-shedding anemometer漩涡式风速表Water gauge pressure 水柱压力Water infusion 注水（水封孔）Water mass flowrate 水质量流量Water vapor content 水蒸气含量Wet and dry bulb hygrometers (psychrometers)干湿球温度表Wet bulb thermometer 湿球温度计Wet Kata thermometer湿球卡他温度表Wet scrubbers湿式除尘器Wetting agents 润湿剂Worked-out area采空区Working face工作面Working level month, WLM 工作水平月Working Level 开采水平Zinc blende闪锌矿——上述词汇摘录自：吴超主编。

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IEEETRANSACTIONSONBIOMEDICALENGINEERING,VOL.57,NO.9,SEPTEMBER20102267ARegulatorforPressure-ControlledTotal-LiquidVentilation

RaymondRobert,PhilippeMicheau*,OlivierAvoine,BenoitBeaudry,AlexandreBeaulieu,andHerv´eWalti

Abstract—Total-liquidventilation(TLV)isaninnovativeexper-imentalmethodofmechanical-assistedventilationinwhichlungsaretotallyﬁlledandthenventilatedwithatidalvolumeofper-ﬂuorochemicalliquidbyusingadedicatedliquidventilator.Suchanovelmedicaldevicemustresembleotherconventionalventi-lators:itmustbeabletoconductcontrolled-pressureventilation.Theobjectivewastodesignarobustcontrollertoperformpressure-regulatedexpiratoryﬂowandtoimplementitonourlatestliquid-ventilatorprototype(Inolivent-4).Numericalsimulations,invitroexperiments,andinvivoexperimentsinﬁvehealthytermnew-bornlambshavedemonstratedthatitwasefﬁcienttogenerateexpiratoryﬂowswhileavoidingcollapses.Moreover,theinvivoresultshavedemonstratedthatourliquidventilatorcanmain-tainadequategasexchange,normalacid–baseequilibrium,andachievegreaterminuteventilation,betteroxygenationandCO2

extraction,whilenearingﬂowlimits.Hence,itisoursuggestion

toperformpressure-controlledventilationduringexpirationwithminuteventilationequalorsuperiorto140mL·min−1·kg

−1

ordertoensurePaCO2below55mmHg.Fromaclinician’spoint

ofview,pressure-controlledventilationgreatlysimpliﬁestheuseoftheliquidventilator,whichwillcertainlyfacilitateitsintroductioninintensivecareunitsforclinicalapplications.

IndexTerms—Liquid-assistedventilation,liquidventilator,new-bornlambs,perﬂuorochemicalliquid,pressurecontrol.

I.INTRODUCTION

INTHEpastdecade,avastarrayofpreclinicalstudieshave

shownboththeefﬁcacyandsafetyofliquid-assistedven-tilationinbothnormalmatureandimmaturenewbornlungsaswellasinthepediatricandadultanimalmodelsofacutelunginjuryandacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome[1].Liquid-assistedventilationisarespiratory-supportmethodthatutilizesaperﬂuorochemical(PFC)liquidtoreplacenitrogengasasacarrierforO2andCO2.Byeliminatingtheair–liquidinterface,

itallowsrecruitmentofcollapsedlungregionsatlowerpressure,hencedecreasingtheriskofadditionallunginjuryandensuring

ManuscriptreceivedJanuary2,2009;revisedJune16,2009;acceptedJuly20,2009.DateofpublicationSeptember9,2009;dateofcurrentversionAugust18,2010.ThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheNaturalSciencesandEngi-neeringResearchCouncilofCanada,inpartbytheFoundationforResearchintoChildren’sDiseases,inpartbytheFondsQu´eb´ecoispourlaRecherchesurlaNatureetlesTechnologies,andinpartbythePulsionMedicalSystemsAG.Asteriskindicatescorrespondingauthor.R.Robert,B.Beaudry,andA.BeaulieuarewiththeMechanicalEngineeringDepartment,Universit´edeSherbrooke,Sherbrooke,QCJ1K2R1,Canada.*P.MicheauiswiththeMechanicalEngineeringDepartment,Universit´edeSherbrooke,Sherbrooke,QCJ1K2R1,Canada(e-mail:philippe.micheau@usherbrooke.ca).O.AvoineandH.WaltiarewiththeDepartmentofPediatrics,Universit´edeSherbrooke,Sherbrooke,QCJ1K2R1,Canada.DigitalObjectIdentiﬁer10.1109/TBME.2009.2031096

morehomogeneousalveolarventilation.Otherpotentialadvan-tagesofliquid-assistedventilationincludeabronchoalveolar-lavagingeffect,andtheinvitroaswellasinvivodemonstratedantiinﬂammatory,antioxidant,andantibacterialeffectsofPFC.Italsoreducesventilation/perfusionmismatchesbyredistribut-ingpulmonarybloodﬂowandventilationtothenondependentregionsoftheinjuredlungs.Twoprincipalmodesofliquid-assistedventilationhavebeendeveloped:partial-liquidventilation(PLV),wherelungsarepartiallyﬁlledwithPFCafterwhichgasisventilatedusingaconventionalgasventilator,andtotal-liquidventilation(TLV),wherelungsaretotallyﬁlledwiththePFCandthenventilatedwithatidalvolumeofPFCusingtheliquidventilator.Followingsmallbutencouragingpilotclinicaltrialspublishedintheearly1990s,thephaseIIandIIIadultandpediatricclini-calstudieswereperformedonPLV.Unfortunately,thesestudiesfailedtoﬁrmlydemonstratethatPLVwassuperiortoconven-tionalgasventilationintheacuterespiratorydistresssyndromeintermsofmortalityorventilator-freedays.Inbrief,asanab-breviated,oversimpliﬁed,anduncontrolledapproach,thePLVmethoddoesnotincorporatethefundamentalprincipleofglobaleliminationoftheair–liquidinterface,thus,fallingshortinful-ﬁllingthepotentialofliquid-assistedventilation.Conversely,alargenumberofpreclinicalstudiesinvolvingvariousanimalmodelswiththeacuterespiratorydistresssyn-dromehavedemonstratedclearbeneﬁtsfromTLV,ascomparedtoallothertestedventilationstrategies,includingconventionalandhigh-frequencygasventilationandPLV.Themainadvan-tageofTLVoverPLVisthepossibilityofensuringhomoge-neouslungliquidventilationusingadedicatedliquidventilatorthatisabletocontrol1)thedosingofPFCinthelung,2)thepressureaswellasvolumechangeswithinthealveoli,3)theoxygenationbycyclingthePFCatanestablishedoxygenlevel,and4)theremovalofbronchoalveolardebrisbyﬁlteringtheexpiredPFCbeforeitsreintroductionbackintothelung.Fol-lowingthefailureofclinicalstudiesonPLV,TLVappearstobethebestapproachforperformingliquid-assistedventilationefﬁcientlyandreliablyinhumans.However,TLVnecessitatesadedicatedliquidventilatorinordertoinsertandretrievethetidalvolumeofliquidfromcompletelyﬁlledlungs.Moreover,suchanovelmedicaldevicemustresembleotherconventionalventilatorsusedinintensivecareunits,exceptthatitshouldbeabletoensurereliableliquidventilationwithPFC.Modernconventional(gas)criticalcareventilatorscontrolpositivepressureattheairwayswithasystemofﬂowde-liveryandexhaustvalves[2].Duringconventional-controlledgaspositive-pressuremechanicalventilation,apositive-drivingtranspulmonarypressureinitiatestheinspiratoryﬂowthat

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