8. 写好文章中间段

如何写好文章中间段 中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体而详实的解释和论证。中间段的篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用以下几种方法：例示法，因果关系法，比较对照法，时空顺序法，分类法，过程法，细节列举法和定义法。 一 例示法 作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对主题句中摆出的论点进行广泛，全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性，时间，空间等进行。例示可以通过下列连接词表示: for example, that is, for instance, suppose, to illustrate, such as, thus, as an example, in this case, as an illustration, in other words, to provide a specific case, for one thing, a case in point, namely, in particular, incidentally, especially, etc. 例1： Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn’t hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn’t read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn’t gone to the meeting. Then I didn’t notice a sign on a door that said “Wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn’t get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in – and cut my hand. 根据本段主题句中的关键词组everything I did went wrong, 作者列举了8点内容，分别由first, then, during the coffee break, after lunchtime 等连接词引出，使得该文条理清楚，脉络分明，内容连贯。 例2： The saying “No pains, no gains” is universally accepted because of the plain yet philosophical moral teaches: if one wants to achieve something, he has to work and tolerate more than others. The saying is true of any pursuit man seeks. A case in point is boxing. While we heap cheers on the winner, few happen to imagine that his gold belt is won at the cost of his sweat, tear, blood, even life over years before the arrival of that exciting moment. 举具体的事例来证明观点，这是议论文最常用的方法，尽量找最能体现观点的例子，具体的给人说服力。作者论证“不劳无获”的观点，用的是拳击运动的例子。 例3： You will always feel amazed whenever you contemplate upon how come there is music in our lives and why everyone, almost without exception, is fond of music, one type or another. Trying to account for the reasons is much less significant than acknowledging the face. I mmself an a fervent music-lover. Listening to music is an indispensable hobby in my life. I enjoy a large range of different types of music. Light music fills my heart with serene joyfulness. Waltz brings my imagination to wonder in the magnificent and beautiful nature. I lose myself in mild melancholy and nostalgia when ancient melodies played by traditional Chinese musical start ringing at my ears. Pop songs tell me the young people’s concerns and I am willing to share their troubles. Indeed, through listening to various kinds of music, I find myself richer in compassion and sympathy with other people and the things around me. Besides this edifying power, music makes me feel relaxed. When I lie in bed, close my eyes and savor every note and word in a melody, it is as if I were transported to another world, leaving behind the monotonous and tension-ridden world of reality. 作者写出了自己听音乐的感受，总结了从音乐中获得的益处。 二 因果关系法 解决问题主要涉及的是因果关系。在这个模式里，我们要么探讨问题的原因及解决问题的方法，要么讨论问题的存在所造成的影响。常用的因果关系词组有：because, as a result, because of, hence, for, thus, due to, thanks to, since, as if, consequently, so, accordingly, on this account, otherwise, then, so far, thus far, owing to, in this way, now that, for this reason, result from, contribute to, result in, lead to, so that, in view of, in order to, in order that, as a result等。 例4： Why Do Fashions in Clothes Changes Fashions in clothes change for almost as many different reasons as there are fashions. Among the chief causes are changes in the kind of work we do, the cost and the availability of the materials used and the invention of new materials, such as man-made fibers. The attitude of different societies toward the body and how much of it should be displayed is also important. For example, if a girl in the Middle Ages had worn a mini-skirt, she would have been regarded as either mad or wicked. Social standards change from age to age from country to country. There have been dramatic changes in fashion in our century, partly owing to the availability of new and cheap materials and partly because this generation believes those clothes should be a matter of personal choice, and comfortable as well as attractive. Many of the fussy clothes of our ancestors, often requiring yards of material, would be too expensive to produce today. They would also be unsuited to modern living-imagine cycling in a crinoline. Great wars often influence fashions. During the Second World War, the style of women’s clothes became military. Jackets, for instance, had