AhG31 report 23 sept-FINAL-EVCI
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSIONSMB AhG 31 : Automotive ElectrotechnicsAhG :ad hoc GroupSMB AhG31 Membership :Participants : Hervé Rochereau (FR Convener), Mike Graham (GB), Kevin J Lippert (US), Shuji Hirakawa Hiroyuki Aoki (JP), Thomas Borglin (SE), Pablo Corrons (ES), Christina Timo (IT), Hoon Huh (KR), Claude Ricaud (FR), Luis Iván Hernandez (MX), Jens Gayko (DE), Thomas Sentko (DE),Liu Shuangqiu, Zhang Liang, Meng Xiangfeng (CN)The Attendees to the 23-September-2011 meeting in Puteaux, France is seen in Annex 61. BackgroundElectromobility reduces CO2 emission from the transportation sector and is expected to facilitate use of significant renewable energy resources. Deployment of electromobility and smart grid as well, has to be supported by a long term strategy.Even if the number of electric vehicles is expected to rise dramatically, the electric vehicle market is far from being mature. Nevertheless there seem to be a consensus that electric vehicle should have a significant market share of the automobile market (from 5 to 20 % of total sales) by 2025.The needed charging infrastructure for BEV and PHEV is still to be built. It has to be noted that the difficulty for the infrastructure side is to design/standardize hosting conditions for a product(s) that is (are) not completely known or what design is likely to evolve.Social acceptability of various technical and economical options related to EV usage is a pre requisite. For a mass deployment of electromobility, it is necessary to meet customer‟s expectations.The price of EVs is still higher than that of a similar vehicle powered by internal combustion engine, with batteries representing the largest part of the additional cost. However there are several eco-legislations in place and under development promoting the use of EVs instead of vehicles powered by internal combustion engine. This kind of eco-legislations is expected to be increased in the forthcoming years.Future vehicles, of any kind, will be connected with external services through mobile communication for various purposes. Some of them could be required by Regulations.2. Standardization context∙ISO IEC agreement concerning standardization of electrotechnology for road vehicles and the cooperation between ISO TC 22 "road vehicles" and IEC Technical Committees : the recent update (2011) gives recognized principles for cooperation between ISO TC22 and IEC for Automotiveelectrotechnics.∙IEC/SMB/SG3 is in charge of developing a long term strategic plan for the IEC on smart grids. They also have to coordinate standardization in a system whose complexity is increasing, including Distributed Electricity Ressouces and electromobility consideration.∙CENELEC, under European Mandates M/441, M/468, and M/490 is developing a work plan for smart grid, smart meter and electromobility (see SMB/4568/INF)and is likely to request action from the IEC through the Dresden Agreement.∙e-8 (group of world leading electric utilities) and IEC are looking at ways to accelerate international standardization effort and improve cooperation between automotive industries and utilitiesThe regulatory context is different for automobile and electric equipment and it might have consequences on requirements for plug-in electric vehicles in charging mode. The road vehicles are subject to type approval based on regulations that are mostly established at the international UN-ECE level while connected electrical appliances comply with other regulations.3. Scope of AhG31To provide for, and with recommendations for an IEC strategy encompassing the complete domain of automotive electrotechnics and electromobility.The AhG has investigated the following:1- Interaction between Plug-in electric vehicle and electricity supply infrastructure2- Electrotechnical components for road vehicles- Multimedia and IT components- On-board electrical devices and systems incl. batteries4. Elements of an IEC strategy4.1 GeneralEarly adoption of appropriate standards limits risks of wasted investments and allows innovation. Increasing use of electric equipment (control units, power drives ….) onboard vehicles should promote the role of IEC standards in the vehicle domain.IEC standards should contribute to efficiently and safely interface plug-in vehicles with today‟s and tomorrow…s grid.It is also important to improve awareness of the IEC work and involvement of experts from the automobile sector.The ISO/IEC Agreement is an excellent basis for cooperation between the two organizations. Its application by the concerned Technical Committees might be subject to a review after a certain period of time.4.2 Interaction between plug-in electric vehicle and electricity supply infrastructureIn addition to requiring more electricity to be generated (with the ambition to substitute fossil fuels by electricity from renewable sources), a significant proliferation of electric vehicles has the potential to strain the distribution, generation, and transmission systems. This risk requires electromobility to be supported by smart grid technologies/standards, using the characteristics of the number of electric vehicles, offering large flexible load and storage capacity.The customer should be encouraged to charge at the best possible moment, by providing a smart charging mechanism, based on information supplied by the electric grid and on the physical environment. This would help to avoid the need for extensive new investment for the grid. The active interaction of the vehicle with the grid should be beneficial for global energy usage.Smart charging should take into account:-Energy issue (generation mix)-Power issues (national or regional constraints)-Network issues (local constraints)-User acceptability issues (availability, speed of charging, cost)Several basic figures are given in Annex 4 that can be used to assess the impact of EV charging on the system.Standards have to support limited number of market models (e.g. based on regional regulatory or infrastructure differences) but must be flexible enough not to unduly prevent new/different business models (expressed through Use Cases) from appearing.Taking into account market constraints of the automobile industry, it is critical that standardization is timely. It is possible to identify three (3) different objectives.Objective 1: Interoperability at charging spots, to facilitate mass integration at early stage -Connecting devices-EMC-Safety-Recognition of the main charging techniques (mode, power, ac/dc …)-Accessibility (elderly and disabled people)-Information exchange and data security for metering, and billing-Driver friendly capabilities (e.g. location, tariff, reservation of public charging spots)-Basic demand side management capabilitiesNOTE:Connectors, safety and EMC issues are currently subject of very tough discussions, including technical considerations and territorial ones (ISO/IEC and between IEC TCs).ISO/IEC 15118-1(69/188/CD): Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface, addressing the communication between the vehicle and the charging spot, is developed under mode 5 cooperation.Objective 2: “Smarter charging” = full integration in the smart grid, for long term sustainability -Demand response-Storage-V2G-System ancillary services-Advanced roaming and appropriate data security managementObjective 2 is expected to support the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions able to control millions of EVs as well as ensuring grid stability, increased usage of renewable energy sources, and the creation of an open and flexible market for electromobility services.NOTE: Objective 2 has been (partly) addressed by at least 3 different new projects in IEC: from TC 69 (69/176/NP- not approved by lack of experts nominated), from TC57 (57/1117/NP) and from proposed Project Committee on Demand response (SMB/4541/NCP).In addition:- TC8 AhG4 intends to collect Use Cases for electric transportation.- ISO/IEC 15118-1(69/188/CD): Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface, aiming at meeting step1 and being limited to the communication between the vehicle and the charging spot.Objective 3: Unconventional charging technologies, to accompany innovation-Induction (static, drive long)-Battery exchange station (automatic or manual)4.3 ComponentsOnboard Multimedia, IT components∙ISO/ TC 204 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);For example, road traffic information data streaming to car navigation systems in Japan is carried through data broadcasting channel of FM radio. ITS equipment may share some functions with audio, video and multimedia systems in the car other then display/speakers.Specific assistance to EV user: Information about location, availability, tariffs of public charging spots, (Note: projects are underway at ETSI/CEN level, in Europe)∙ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 25 –cabling for information technology, on-board entertainment systems “Infotainment”.∙TC 100 identifies a car as one room of the home. DLNA (IEC 62481) provides a function to continue watching video content continuously from living-room to bedroom. Extending this idea to a car situation,a customer can continue watching the same video content also in another room, such as a car, maybeusing a mobile TV monitor. Content formats and IP communication protocols are major targets of standardization for keeping interoperability.Batteries and on-board chargers∙IEC TC 21 : Secondary cells and batteriesBattery cell dimensions standardization underway in IEC and ISO (battery module should be next step).Safety and recycling are major issuesRemovable batteries interface with vehicle and infrastructure (e.g. battery exchange stations)IEC TC 22 : Power electronics systems and equipmentThese specific components, when used for charging purposes, should also be considered according to their interaction with electricity supply infrastructure.Other on-board components (lamps, fuses, cables, connectors, …)Business as usual: see ISO/IEC agreement5. RecommendationsBecause of their specific needs and the constraints on the grid; because of the number of charge spots to be installed; and because it is likely to be the first “intelligent load” in high numbers calling for and contributing to smart grid, Plug-in Electric Vehicle will have a significant impact on the electricity supply infrastructure (grid and installations) and its services. For all these reasons, the IEC work in the domain must be supported by a clear and comprehensive strategy.AhG31 recommendsTo set up a Strategic Group to address as, a priority, interaction between Plug-in electric vehicle and electricity supply infrastructure in order to:-analyse market and industry developments,-identify gaps and overlaps in the standards,-make sure that appropriate standards are timely delivered,-define a means for collaboration between IEC and other Standardization organizations (notably ISO and regional standardization bodies),-monitor the practical application of collaborations already in place, in particular the ISO/IEC Agreement.AhG31 also recommends seizing the opportunity of the EV developments to improve the cooperation with the automobile sector to ensure that:-IEC …s electrotechnical expertise is best utilized and contributes on a more pro-active way to the standardization of new requirements, products and systems,-Experts from the automobile sector are appropriately involved in IEC Technical work,-IEC rules and deliverables fit the needs of the automobile sector especially with regard to the use of standards in their regulatory context.ANNEX 1: Terms of Reference of SG “Automotive Electrotechnics”TitleAutomotive ElectrotechnicsScope and objectivesTo provide IEC SMB and Technical Committees with a strategic vision and assistance to address standardization needs on systems and products to be used for interfacing plug-in electric vehicles with electricity supply infrastructure. This encompasses:o To analyse market and industry developments,o To identify gaps and overlaps in the standards,o To make sure that appropriate standards are timely delivered and to support TC/SCs activity, o To define a means for coordination of cross TC/SCs activities and collaboration with other Standardization Organizations (notably with ISO and regional standardization bodies), o To monitor the practical application of collaborations already in place, in particular ISO/IEC Agreement.More generally, in the context of the revised ISO/IEC Agreement concerning standardization of electrotechnology , to make recommendations to IEC SMB and TCs in order to ensure that: o IEC …s electrotechnical expertise is best utiliz ed and contributes on a more pro-active way to the standardization of new requirements, products and systems,o Experts from the automobile sector are appropriately involved in IEC Technical work,o IEC rules and deliverables fit the needs of the automobile sector especially with regard to the use of standards in their regulatory context.MembershipStrategic Groups comprise a convener and members who are knowledgeable in the relevant field of activity. The members are nominated and approved by the SMB, with alternates being allowed to replace members who cannot attend meetings.A balance between interests and expertises is expected (from SMB/4382/DC). .NOTE: The market players are:o Vehicle manufacturers,o Energy suppliers and service providers,o Distribution Network Operatorso automotive electronics manufacturers,o consumer electronics manufacturerso power distribution equipment manufacturers,o ConsumersExperts/guests may also be invited to meetings for specific subjects at the discretion of the convener and in consultation with the SMB chairman (from SMB/4382/DC).For example, in order to set up an active liaison with Standardization technical bodies, such as:o IEC TCs and SCs (see list in Annex A of ISO/IEC Agreement)o ISO TC22 and relevant SCso CEN/CLC Coordination Group on Electromobility and other similar regional initiatives if anyo Other Strategic Groups (e.g. SG3 on smart grid which is developing methodologies and tools to cope with interoperability in complex systems, and SG4 which mentions EVs in their objectives)The Strategic Group may request assistance of Advisory Committees where necessary.ConvenershipFollowing SMB Decision 141/12, the French NC is proposing to undertake the convenership of the Strategic Group and would like to nominate Mr Claude RICAUD (See Annex 5).Note: Other nominations can be transmitted directly to the SMB.Term, Deliverables and Target datesThe strategic Group is establishing for an initial period of 3 years. It is intended to report to SMB and to deliver at least the following:- Strategic Road map including a list and status of needed standards, reports and recommendations in view of meeting the 3 identified objectives for interfacing EVs with the electricity supply system: - Interoperability at charging spots (ASAP)- “smarter charging” = full integration in the smart grid (2013), jointly with SG3- unconventional charging technologies (2014)Note: It is likely that the work has to be organized in parallel, in order to avoid getting totally absorbed by short term controversial issues (e.g. connectors, electrical safety …). It is up to the Strategic Group to propose the appropriate organization.In addition, the Strategic group will monitor the application of the ISO/IEC agreement and provide: o Update of Informative annexes of MoU (List of TC/SCs and Cooperation modes with ISO TC/SCs) : (2012, if needed),o Report on suitability of IEC publications in the regulatory context of the automobile sector (UN-ECE, EU Directives) : (ASAP)The Strategic Group may also organize and/or contribute to cross industry events such as workshops.ANNEX 2: Terms and DefinitionsFor the purpose of this Report, the following definitions applyelectric vehiclevehicle that is fully or partially propelled by an electric motorNote : only Battery (B)EVs and Plug-in Hybrid (PH)EVs have an interface with the electric power system electromobilityuse of electric vehicles for various transport needsNote : Electromobility concept includes variety of vehicles : not only cars but also, 2 wheel, 3 wheel vehicles and light quadricyclessmart chargingutilization of information exchange and control technologies to optimise the use of the electrical grid for efficient EV chargingvehicle-to-gridV2Gconcept in which PEVs are able/intended to dispatch some electricity back to the grid (e.g. during peak daytime hours)(electricity) supplier [IEV 617-02-08]party having a contract to supply electric power and energy to a customernetwork operator [IEV 617-02-09]party responsible for safe and reliable operation of a part of the electric power system in a certain areaand for connection to other parts of the electric power system(system) ancillary services [IEV 617-03-09]services necessary for the operation of an electric power system provided by the system operator and/orby power system usersNOTE System ancillary services may include the participation in frequency regulation, reactive power regulation,active power reservation, etc.distributed generation [IEV 617-04-09]dispersed generationDGgeneration of electric energy by multiple sources which are connected to the power distribution systemsmart grid [IEV 617-04-13]electric power system that utilizes information exchange and control technologies, distributed computing and associated sensors and actuators, for purposes such as:– to integrate the behaviour and actions of the network users and other stakeholders,– to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity suppliesdemand side management [IEV 617-04-15]DSM (abbreviation)process that is intended to influence the quantity or patterns of use of electric energyconsumed by end-use customersdemand response [IEV 617-04-16]action resulting from management of the electricity demand in response to supply conditionsroamingability for a client who already has a service contract to obtain the same service at any location, without the requirement to have a specific contract with operator of the local service.interoperabilityability of two or more systems or components to work togethermarket modeldescription of the different interactions among the various market participants according to their roles, including regulatory elements.business modeldescription of the different components and operation of a certain business together with the revenues and expenses the business generates.Use Caseclear and understandable description of a functional requirement in a detailed and unambiguous way allowing implementation in the information systemANNEX 3: BibliographySMB/4483 : ISO_IEC Agreement concerning Standardization of Electrotechnology for Road Vehicles and the cooperation between ISO/TC 22 “Road Vehicles” and IEC Technical CommitteesSMB/4568/INF: CENELEC report from the Focus Group on European Electro-MobilitySMB/4598/INF: Proposals for a CEN-CENELEC eMobility Co-ordination GroupSMB/4541/NCP: Submission of two NPs by the Chinese NC for Smart Grid User Interface – Project CommitteeSMB/4382e_Roles and Charters of SMB Strategic Groups69/176/NP: Utility grid communication network in electric vehicle charging infrastructure57/1117/NP: System interfaces and communication protocol profiles relevant for systems connected to the Smart GridISO/IEC 15118-1(69/188/CD) : Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface, aiming at meeting step1 and being limited to the communication between the vehicle and the charging spot. IEC Smart Grid Standardization Roadmap : http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/roadmap/ANNEX 4 : Basic figures(informative)These numbers, given only for information, illustrate part of the challenges for the development of electric vehicles.FRANCE:Current battery technology allow passenger cars with reliable range of 150 kmAverage daily travel distance in France : 36 km, requiring 9 kWh of energy1 Million Vehicle = 3 % of the vehicle fleet in FranceIndicative target in France : 2 Million EVs in 2020Impact of 1 Million EV : 3.25 TWh / year = less than 1% of the annual energy used in France “Normal” charging power : 3 kW (but average over 8 hours = 1.1 kW)Peak demand in France = 80 GW2020 Targets for renewables (France) :o PV : 5.4 GW - 6 TWho Wind : 25 GW – 59 TWhIt is usually considered that an EV will require about 2 charge spots per car if first car acquired by user.ANNEX 5 : Nomination for Convenership by the French NC (informative)BiographyClaude RICAUDSenior Vice President, Power Innovation – Schneider ElectricChairman, Innovation & Development Commission – GimelecChairman Infrastructures de Recharge - GimelecChairman, Orgalime Task Force on Electric VehicleScientific Council member – Supelec & Supelec Fondation Claude Ricaud, 56, joined Schneider Electric in 1998. He is Senior Vice President, Power Innovationsince 2007.He began his career at France Télécom, in Long lines department. In 1986, he joined Matra (now EADS), where he held several positions in Systems groups, space operations and advanced technologies and Internet Software activities. He joins Schneider Electric as Science & Technology Senior Vice President.He is member of the board of the Supelec Foundation and Supelec‟s Scientific Council. He is also Chairman of the Orgalime Task Force on Electric Vehicle and of Gimelec IRVE (Recharge Infrastructure) platform and member of CEN CENELEC Focus Group.Claude is an agrégéin Mathematics, a degree he obtained while studying at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (1974). He also holds an engineering degree from the Ecole Nationale des Télécommunications.About Schneider ElectricThe global specialist in energy managementAs a global specialist in energy management with operations in more than 100 countries, Schneider Electric offers integrated solutions to make energy safe, reliable, efficient, productive and green across multiple market segments. The Group has leadership positions in energy and infrastructure, industrial processes, building automation, and data centres/networks, as well as a broad presence in residential applications. With 19.6 billion euros sales in 2010, the company's 110,000+ employees are committed to help individuals and organizations “Make the most of their energy.”ANNEX 6List of AhG 31 attendees in Puteaux:Convenor (France):Mr. Hervé RochereauIEC CO: Mr. Peter LanctotChina:Mr. Zhang Liang and Mr. Meng Xiangfeng Germany:Mr. Jens GaykoItaly:Mrs. Cristina TimoJapan:Mr. Shuji Hirakawa and Mr. Hiroyuki Aoki United States:Mr. Kevin LippertApologies Received:Great Britain: Mr. Mike GrahamMexico: Mr. Luis Iván HernandezFrance: Mr. Claude RicaudGermany: Mr. Thomas SentkoRep. of Korea:Mr. Hoon HuhSweden:Mr. Thomas Borglin。