肝胆外科文献常用英语单词

AAbdominal aortic aneurysm 腹主动脉瘤Abdominal injury 腹部损伤Abscess 脓肿Achalasia of cardia贲门失弛症Acute acalculuscholecystitis急性非结石性胆囊炎Acute abdomen 急腹症Acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎Acute bone atrophy 急性骨萎缩Acute cellulitis 急性蜂窝织炎Acute cholangitis of severe type, ACST急性重症型胆管炎Acute cholecystitis急性胆囊炎Acute hemorrhagic enteritis 急性出血性肠炎Acute liver failure, acute hepatic failure 急性肝衰竭Acute lymphadenitis 急性淋巴结炎Acute lymphangitis急性淋巴管炎Acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis ,AOSC急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎Acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer 急性胃十二指肠穿孔Acute rejection 急性排斥反应Acute renal failure ,ARF 急性肾衰竭Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征Acute retention of urine 急性尿潴留Adenoma of bronchus 支气管腺瘤Adrenal cortical hyperplasia 肾上腺皮质增生Adrenal medulla hyperplasia 肾上腺髓质增生Adult respiratorydistress syndrome ,ARDS 成人型呼吸窘迫综合征Basic life support ,BLS 初期复苏Advanced life support ,ALS 后期复苏Airway obstruction 呼吸道梗阻Amebic liver abscess 阿米巴性肝脓肿Anal fissure 肛裂Anal fistula 肛瘘Anesthesia 麻醉Anesthesiology 麻醉学Aneurysm 动脉瘤Ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Anuria 无尿Aortic insufficiency or aortic regurgitation 主动脉瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Arterial embolism 动脉栓塞Arteriosclerosis obliterans ,ASO 动脉硬化闭塞症Artificial heart-lung machine 人工心肺机Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Asepsis 无菌术Assist-mode ventilation ,AMV 辅助通气Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损BBacterial liver abscess 细菌性肝脓肿Bacteriemia,bacteremin菌血症Balanoposthitis阴茎头包皮炎Basal anesthesia 基础麻醉Basal energy expenditure, BEE 基础能量消耗Benign prostatic hyperplasia 良性前列腺增生Biliary ascariasis胆道蛔虫病Bladder tumor antigen,BTA膀胱肿瘤抗原Bladder exstrophy膀胱外翻Bladder tumor, tumor of bladder 膀胱肿瘤Blast injury of lung 肺爆震伤Blood components 成分血Blood transfusion 输血Bone and joint tuberculosis 骨与关节结核Bone cyst 骨囊肿Brachial plexus injury 臂丛神经损伤Brain edema 脑水肿Brain hernia 脑疝Branched-chain amino acids,BCAA支链氨基酸Breast cancer 乳腺癌Breast sarcoma 乳房肉瘤Brodie’s abscess 局限性骨脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Broncho-pulmonary carcinoma 支气管肺癌Budd-Chiari syndrome 巴德－吉亚利综合征Buerger’s disease 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Burn 烧伤Bursitis 滑囊炎CCancer of the head of the pancreas 胰头癌Carbuncle 痈Carcinoma of bile duct 胆管癌Carcinoma of bladder 膀胱癌Carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌Carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌Carcinoma of stomach 胃癌Cardiac contusion 心脏挫伤Cardiac myxoma心脏粘液瘤Cardiac rupture 心脏破裂Cardiac tamponade心脏压塞征Cardiac transplantation 心脏移植Cardiopulmonary bypass 体外循环Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation,CPCR心肺脑复苏Cardiospasm贲门失弛症Carotid endarterectomy颈动脉内膜切除术Catecholamine 儿茶酚胺Catheter-related infection 静脉导管感染Caudal block 骶管阻滞Cavernous hemangioma海绵状血管瘤Cavernous hemangioma of liver 肝海绵状血管瘤Central venous pressure, CVP中心静脉压Cerebral concussion 脑震荡Cerebral contussion and laceration 脑挫裂伤Cerebral resuscitation 脑复苏Cervical spondylosis颈椎病Chest trauma 胸部损伤Chilblain 冻疮Cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石Choledocholithiasis胆总管结石Cholelithiasis胆石病Chondroma软骨瘤Chondromalacia of the patella 髌骨软骨软化症Chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤Chordoma脊索瘤Chronic appendicitis 慢性阑尾炎Chronic cholecystitis慢性胆囊炎Chronic constrictive pericarditis 慢性缩窄性心包炎Chronic pain 慢性疼痛Chronic pain relief 慢性疼痛治疗Chronic pancreatitis 慢性胰腺炎Chronic rejection 慢性排斥反应Chronic subdural hematoma 慢性硬脑膜下血肿Chyluria乳糜尿Cleaning wound 清洁伤口Cleft lip 唇裂Cleft palate 腭裂Closed fracture 闭合性骨折Closed injury 闭合性创伤Closed pneumothorax 闭合性气胸Closed brain injury 闭合性脑损伤Coarctation of aorta 主动脉狭窄Cold injury 冷伤Colon cancer 结肠癌Combined injuries 复合伤Combined anesthesia 复合麻醉Congenital ano-rectal malformation先天性直肠肛管畸形Congenital arteriovenous fistula 先天性动静脉瘘Congenital choledochus cyst 先天性胆总管囊肿Congenital clubfoot 先天性畸形足Congenital dislocation of the hip 先天性髋关节脱位Congenital equinovarus先天性马蹄内翻足Congenital hydrocephalus 先天性脑积水Congenital hypertrophic pylorostenosis先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄Congenital megacolon先天性巨结肠Congenital solitary kidney 孤立肾Congenital syndactylia先天性并指Congenital torticollis 先天性肌斜颈Congenital biliary atresia 先天性胆道闭锁Contaminated wound 污染伤口Control-mode ventilation ,CMV 控制通气Contusion 挫伤Corticotropin-independ ent Cushing’s syndrome非ACTH依赖性皮质醇症Crohn’s disease 克罗恩病Crush injury 挤压伤Cryoprecipitate,Cryo冷沉淀Cryptorchidism 隐睾Crystalluria晶体尿Curling’s ulcer 柯林溃疡Cushing’s ulcer 库欣溃疡Cushing’s syndrome 库欣综合征Cyst of liver 肝囊肿Cystic kidney disease 囊性肾病变Cystitis 膀胱炎DDebridement 清创术Decreased force of urination 尿线无力Deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成Defibrillation 电除颤Delayed union 骨折延迟愈合Delayed traumatic intracranial hematoma 迟发性外伤性颅内血肿Deliberate hypotension 控制性降压Depressed fracture 凹陷性骨折Dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans隆突性皮纤维肉瘤Dermoid cyst 皮样囊肿Diaphragmatic hernia 膈疝Diffuse axonal injury 弥散性轴索损伤Direct inguinal hernia 腹股沟直疝Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节脱位Dislocation of the elbow 肘关节脱位Dislocation of the hip joint 髋关节脱位Dislocation of the patella 髌骨脱位Dislocation of the shoulder joint 肩关节脱位Dissecting aortic aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤Diverticulum of esophagus 食管憩室Dribbling 滴沥Dumping syndrome 倾倒综合征Duodenal diverticulum 十二指肠憩室Dural arteriovenous malformation 硬脑膜动静脉畸形Dysplasia of kidney 肾发育不全Dysuria 尿痛EEchinococcus disease of liver, echinococciasis (echnococcosis )of liver 肝棘球蚴病Ectopic corticotropin syndrome 异位ACTH综合征Ectopic kidney 异位肾Ectopic testes 异位睾丸Ectopic ureters 异位输尿管开口Electric burn 电烧伤Empyema 脓胸Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP内镜逆行胰胆管造影Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, ENAD 经内镜鼻胆管引流术Endotracheal intubation 气管内插管Enteral nutrition,EN肠内营养Enuresis 遗尿Epidermoid cyst 表皮样囊肿Epididymal tuberculosis 附睾结核Epididymitis 附睾炎Epidural block 硬脊膜外腔阻滞Epidural hematoma 硬脑膜外血肿Epispadias尿道上裂Erection 勃起Erosive burn of esophagus 腐蚀性食管灼伤Erosive gastritis 糜烂性胃炎Erysipelas 丹毒Esophageal leiomyoma 食管平滑肌瘤Esophageal carcinoma,carcinoma of esophagus食管癌Essential amino acids, EAA 必需氨基酸Ewing’s sarcoma 尤文肉瘤Exophthalmic goiter 突眼性甲状腺肿Extensive devascularization around the cardia贲门周围血管离断术Extensive esophagogastricdevascularization贲门周围血管离断术External fixation 外固定External hemorrhoid 外痔External chest compression 胸外心脏按压Extracorporeal circulation 体外循环Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL体外冲击波碎石FFatigued fracture 疲劳骨折Felon 指头炎Femoral hernia 股疝Fibroadenoma纤维腺病Fibroxanthoma纤维黄色瘤Firearm injury 火器伤Fixation of fracture 骨折的固定Flail chest 连枷胸Flatfoot 平足症Flexible flatfoot 易变性平足症Fracture 骨折Fracture of the ankle 踝部骨折Fracture of the calcaneum跟骨骨折Fracture of the clavicle 锁骨骨折Fracture of the distal radius 桡骨下端骨折Fracture of the femoral neck 股骨颈骨折Fracture of the metatarsal 趾骨骨折Fracture of the patella 髌骨骨折Fracture of the pelvis 骨盆骨折Fracture of the phalanx 跖骨骨折Fracture of the shaft of the femur 股骨干骨折Fracture of the shaft of the humerus肱骨干骨折Fracture of the spine 脊柱骨折Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus 肱骨外科颈骨折Fracture of the tibia and fibula 胫腓骨干骨折Frequency 尿频Fresh frozen plasma 新鲜冷冻血浆Frostbite 冻伤Frozen plasma 冷冻血浆Fungal infection 真菌感染Funnel chest 漏斗胸Furuncle 疖Fusariumsporotrichiella败病霉菌GGanglion 腱鞘囊肿Garre’s osteomyelitis 硬化性骨髓炎Gas gangrene 气性坏疽Gastrinoma胃泌素瘤Gastroduodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡General anesthesia 全身麻醉Genitourinary tuberculosis 泌尿、男生殖系结核Giant cell tumor 骨巨细胞瘤Glioma神经胶质瘤Gluatmine ,Gln谷氨酰胺Gonorrheal urethritis 淋菌性尿道炎Graft-versus –host disease,GVHD移植物对抗宿主病Gut derived infection 肠源性感染HHallux valgus 拇外翻Head injury 颅脑外伤Helicobacter pyroli幽门螺杆菌Hemangiomacapillanisum毛细血管瘤Hemangiomacavernosum海绵状血管瘤Hemangiomaracemosum蔓状血管瘤Hematospermia血精Hematuria 血尿Hemobilia胆道出血Hemodialysis 血液透析Hemopurification血液净化Hemorrhagic gastritis 出血性胃炎Hemorrhoid 痔Hemothorax血胸Hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病Hepatolithiasis肝内胆管结石Hepatorrhexis肝破裂Hernia 疝Hernia of linea alba 白线疝Hernia of intervertebral discs 腰椎间盘突出症High pressure pneumothorax 高压性气胸Highly selective vagotomy高选择性迷走神经切断术Horseshoe kidney 蹄铁形肾Host-versus-graft disease,HVGD宿主对抗移植物病Hydatid disease 包虫病Hydatid disease of liver 肝包虫病Hydrocele testis 睾丸鞘膜积液Hydronephrosis肾积水Hyperacute rejection 超急性排斥反应Hypercalcemia高钙血症Hyperkalemia 高钾血症Hypermagnesemia高镁血症Hyperphosphatemia高磷血症Hypersplenism脾功能亢进Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢) Hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水Hypocalcemia低钙血症Hypochloremia低氯血症Hypoglycemic syndrome 低血糖综合征Hypokalemia 低钾血症Hyponatremia低钠血症Hypophosphatemia 低磷血症Hypospadias 尿道下裂Hypothalamus injury 下丘脑损伤Hypothermia 低温Hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水Hypoventilation 通气不足Hypoxemia 低氧血症IImpotence 阳萎Incarcerated hernia 嵌顿性疝Incidentally discovered adrenal masses 偶发性肾上腺瘤Incisional hernia 切口疝Incontinence 尿失禁Increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高Indirect inguinal hernia 腹股沟斜疝Induction of anesthesia 全身麻醉诱导Infantile hydrocephalus 婴儿脑积水Infected wound 感染伤口Infertility 不育Inflammatory breast cancer 炎性乳腺癌Inhalation anesthesia 吸入全身麻醉Inhalation anesthetics 吸入麻醉药Injuries of the semilunar cartilages膝关节半月板损伤Injury of median nerve 正中神经损伤Injury of radial nerve 桡神经损伤Injury of sciatic nerve 坐骨神经损伤Injury of ulnal nerve 尺神经损伤Injury of duodenum 十二指肠损伤Insulinoma胰岛素瘤Interloopabscesss肠间脓肿Intermittent mandatory ventilation, IMV间歇指令通气Internal fixation 内固定Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Interruption of urinary stream 尿线中断Intertrochanteric fracture 股骨转子间骨折Intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻Intestinal obstruction due to adhesions 粘连性肠梗阻Intestinal polyposis 肠息肉病Intestinal polyps 肠息肉Intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核Intestinal transplantation 小肠移植Intracerebral hematoma 脑内血肿Intracranial aneurysm 颅内动脉瘤Intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿Intracranial pressure, ICP 颅内压Intracranial tumor 颅内肿瘤Intraductal papilloma 乳管内乳头状瘤Intraspinal tumor 椎管内肿瘤Intrathecal block 椎管内阻滞Intravenous anesthesia 静脉全身麻醉Intravenous anesthetics 静脉麻醉药Intussusception 肠套叠Irreducible hernia 难复性疝Isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水LLaceration 撕裂伤Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC腹腔镜胆囊切除术Lateral epicondylitis of humerus肱骨外上髁炎Leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤Leukocyte concentrate 浓缩白细胞Leukocyte privative red blood cell去白细胞的红细胞Libido 性欲Limb replantation 断肢再植Linear fracture 线性骨折Lipoma脂肪瘤Liver abscess 肝脓肿Liver transplantation 肝移植Liver-intestine transplantation 肠肝移植Local anesthesia 局部麻醉Local anesthetics 局部麻醉药Local infiltration anesthesia 局部浸润麻醉Lower extremity varicose veins 下肢静脉曲张Lucid interval 中间清醒期Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block 腰交感神经阻滞Lung transplantation 肺移植Lung cancer 肺癌Lymphedema 淋巴水肿MMagnesium deficiency 镁缺乏Magnesium excess 镁过多Malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤Malunion畸形愈合Marie-Stümpell disease 强直性脊柱炎Mastopathy乳腺病Mediastinal cyst 纵隔囊肿Mediastinal flutter 纵隔扑动Mediastinal tumor 纵隔肿瘤Melanoma 黑色素瘤Meningioma 脑膜瘤Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒Metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒Metastatic cancer of liver 转移性肝癌Microsurgery 显微外科Microvascular anastomosis 显微血管吻合Military injury 战伤Minimum alveolar concentration, MAC最低肺泡有效浓度Minute volume , MV 每分通气量Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全Mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣关闭不全Mixed tumor of parotid gland 腮腺混合瘤Mixed hemorrhoid 混合痔Mutiple organ dysfunction syndrome ,MODS多器官功能不全综合征Muliple system organ failure ,MSOF多系统器官衰竭Muscle relaxants 肌肉松弛药Myeloma 骨髓瘤NNarcosis analgesic 麻醉性镇痛药Narrow tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎Nephrectomy 肾切除术Nephroblastoma肾母细胞瘤Nephropexy肾固定术Nephroptosis肾下垂Nerve transfer 神经移植术Nerve transposition 神经移位术Nerve block 神经阻滞Nerve implantation 神经植入术Neurofibroma神经纤维瘤Neurogenic tumor 神经源性肿瘤Neurolysis神经松解术Neurorrhaphy神经缝合法Neurosuture神经缝合法Nodular adrenal hyperplasia 结节性肾上腺增生Nodular goiter 结节性甲状腺肿Nonessential amino acids,NEAA非必须氨基酸Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction非肠系膜血管阻塞性梗死Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia非肠系膜血管阻塞性缺血Nonoliguric acute renal failure 非少尿型急性肾衰竭Nonspecific infection 非特异性感染Nonunion 骨折不愈合或骨不连接Nosocomial infection 医院内感染OOliguria 少尿Open fracture 开放性骨折Open injury 开放性创伤Open pneumothorax 开放性气胸Open reduction 切开复位Open brain injury 开放性脑损伤Open chest compression 开胸心脏按压Opportunistic infection 条件性感染Organ transplantation 器官移植Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎Osteochondroma骨软骨瘤Osteofascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征Osteoid osteoma骨样骨瘤Osteoma骨瘤Osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤PPacemaker 起搏器Paget’s carcinoma of the breast 乳头湿疹样乳腺癌Pancoast’s tumor 上叶顶部肺癌Pancreas transplantation 胰腺移植Pancreatic pseudocyst胰腺假囊肿Parenteral nutrition, PN 肠外营养Paronychia 甲沟炎Partial nephrectomy 肾部分切除术Patent ductusarteriosus动脉导管未闭Patient controlled analgesia , PCA 病人自控镇痛Pelvic abscess 盆腔脓肿Penetrating ulcer 穿透性溃疡Penetration of ventricular septum 室间隔穿破Penile cancer, carcinoma of penis 阴茎癌Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA经皮腔内血管成形术Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, PTC经皮肝穿刺胆管造影Periampullary adenocarcinoma 壶腹周围癌Perianorectal abscess 直肠肛管周围脓肿Perinephritis肾周围炎Peripheral arterial aneurysm 周围动脉瘤Peripheral vascular trauma 周围血管损伤Peritoneal dialysis 腹膜透析Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome 色素沉着－息肉综合征Pheochromocytoma嗜铬细胞瘤Phimosis包茎Pigment nevus 黑痣Pine moth osteoarthritis 松毛虫性骨关节炎Pituitary adenoma 垂体腺瘤Plasma volume expander 血浆增量剂Platelets concentrate 浓缩血小板Platybasia扁平颅底Pneumaturia气尿Pneumothorax 气胸Polycystic disease of liver 多囊肝Polycystic kidney 多囊肾Polydactylism多指畸形Portal hypertension 门静脉高压症Portal hypertensive gastropathy门静脉高压性胃病Portosystemic encephalopathy 门体性脑病Portosystemic shunts 门体分流术Positive end –expiratory pressure, PEEP 呼气终末正压Post-resuscitation treatment, PRT 复苏后治疗Premature ejaculation 早泄Premedication 麻醉前用药Pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气Primary brain injury 原发性脑损伤Primary brain stem injury 原发性脑干损伤Primary hyperaldosterodism原发性醛固酮增多症Primary hyperparathyroidism原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进Primary liver cancer 原发性肝癌Primary lower extremity deep vein valve insufficiency 原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜关闭不全Primary peritonitis 原发性腹膜炎Primary sclerosing cholangitis 原性性硬化性胆管炎Prostate cancer, carcinoma of prostate 前列腺癌Prostate-specific antigen, PSA 前列腺特异性抗原Prostatic tuberculosis 前列腺结核Prostatitis 前列腺炎Pulmonary bulla 肺大疱Pulmonary echinococcosis肺棘球蚴病Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉口狭窄Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP肺毛细血管楔压Pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎Pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻Pyonephrosis肾积脓Pyuria脓尿RRadiation-burn-blast combined injury“放烧冲”复合伤Ranula舌下囊肿Raynaud’s syndrome 雷诺综合征Rectal injury 直肠损伤Rectal polyp 直肠息肉Rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂Reducible hernia 易复性疝Reduction of fracture 骨折的复位Reflow damage 再灌注损伤Regional block 区域阻滞Renal calculi 肾结石Renal carbuncle 肾痈Renal carcinoma 肾癌Renal pelvic tumor 肾盂肿瘤Renal transplantation 肾移植Renal trauma 肾损伤Renal tuberculosis 肾结核Renal tumor, tumor of kidney 肾肿瘤Renovascular hypertension 肾血管性高血压Residual stage of poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎后遗症Residual urine 残余尿Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒Respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒Resting energy expenditure ,REE 实际静息能量消耗Retromammary abscess 乳房后脓肿Retroperitoneal hematoma 腹膜后血肿Reversible ischemic neurological deficit , RIND可逆性缺血性神经功能障碍Rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Rib fracture 肋骨骨折Rigid flatfoot 僵硬性平足症Rubbing 擦伤Rupture of colon 结肠破裂Rupture of liver 肝破裂Rupture of small intestine 小肠破裂Rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm, Valsalva sinus aneurysm 主动脉窦动脉瘤破裂SScalp avulsion 头皮撕脱伤Scalp hematoma 头皮血肿Scalp injury 头皮损伤Scalp laceration 头皮裂伤Scapulohumeralperiarthritis肩关节周围炎Schwannoma神经鞘瘤Scoliosis 脊柱侧凸Sebaceous cyst 皮脂囊肿Secondary hyperaldosterodism继发性醛固酮增多症Secondary brain injury 继发性脑损伤Secondary liver cancer 继发性肝癌Secondary peritonitis 继发性腹膜炎Selective vagotomy选择性迷走神经切断术Seminal vesiculitis精囊炎Senile pigmental wart 老年性色素疣Sepsis 脓毒症Shock 休克Hypovolemic shock 低血容量性休克Hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克Traumatic shock 损伤性休克Septic shock 感染性休克Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)全身性炎症反应综合征Short bowel syndrome 短肠综合征Shunts 分流术Simple cyst of kidney 单纯性肾囊肿Simple goiter 单纯甲状腺肿Skin basal cell carcinoma 皮肤基底细胞癌Skin carcinoma 皮肤癌Skin papilloma 皮肤乳头状瘤Skull fracture 颅骨骨折Skull injury 颅骨损伤Small intestinal tumor 小肠肿瘤Specific infection 特异性感染Spine cord injury 脊髓损伤Splenectomy脾切除Splenic abscess 脾脓肿Splenic artery aneurysm 脾动脉瘤Splenic cyst 脾囊肿Splenic rupture 脾破裂Splenomegaly 脾肿大Spontaneous pneumothorax 自发性气胸Sprain of the ankle 踝部扭伤Squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌Sterilization 灭菌法Stomal ulcer 吻合口溃疡Strain of lumbar muscles 腰肌劳损Straining 排尿费力Strangulated hernia 绞窄性疝Stress ulcer 应激性溃疡Stress fracture 疲劳骨折Subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH 蛛网膜下腔出血Subdural hematoma 硬脑膜下血肿Subluxation of the radial head 桡骨头半脱位Subphrenic abscess 膈下脓肿Sudeck’s atrophy 急性骨萎缩Superinfection二重感染(菌群交替症) Superior mesenteric arterial embolism肠系膜上动脉栓塞Superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis肠系膜上动脉血栓形成Superior mesenteric artery syndrome 肠系膜上动脉综合征Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis肠系膜上静脉血栓形成Suppurative arthritis 化脓性关节炎Suppurative osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎Suppurative spondylitis 化脓性脊椎炎Supracondylar fracture of the humerus肱骨髁上骨折Suprapubiccystostomy耻骨上膀胱造瘘术Surgical infection 外科感染Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation , SIMV 同步间歇指令通气Synovial cyst 腱鞘或滑液囊肿TTakayasu’s arteritis 多发性大动脉炎Telangiectases毛细血管扩张Tenovaginitis腱鞘炎Tension pneumothorax 高压性气胸,张力性气胸Tension-free hernioplasty无张力疝修补术Teratoma畸胎瘤Testicular tumor, tumor of testis 睾丸肿瘤Tetanus 破伤风Tetralogy of Fallot法洛四联症Thoracic aortic aneurysm 胸主动脉瘤Thoracic trauma 胸部损伤Thoraco-abdominal injury 胸腹联合伤Thromboangitisobliterans血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thymoma胸腺瘤Thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤Thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺癌Thyroiditis 甲状腺炎Tibial plateau fracture 胫骨平台骨折Tidal volume ,VT 潮气量Tietze’s disease 非特异性肋软骨炎Tissue microvascular transfer 吻合血管的组织移植Total intravenous anesthisia ,TIVA 全凭静脉麻醉Total parenteral nutrition, TPN 全肠外营养Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS经皮神经电刺激疗法Transient ischemic attack, TIA 短暂性脑缺血发作Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt , TIPS 经颈静脉肝内门体分流Transplantation 移植Trauma 创伤Trauma of interspinousligment棘间韧带损伤Trauma of supraspinousligment棘上韧带损伤Traumatic asphyxia 创伤性窒息Traumatic arteriovenous fistula 损伤性动－静脉瘘Traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage外伤性脑室内出血Truncalvagotomy迷走神经干切断术Tuberculosis of chest wall 胸壁结核Tuberculosis of the hip joint 髋关节结核Tuberculosis of the spine 脊柱结核Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis 颈淋巴结结核Tumor 肿瘤Tumor of chest wall 胸壁肿瘤Tumor of liver 肝肿瘤Tumor of spleen 脾肿瘤UUlcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎Umbilical hernia 脐疝Ureteral calculi 输尿管结石Ureteroneocystostomy输尿管膀胱再吻合术Ureterocele输尿管膨出Urethral calculi 尿道结石Urethral discharge 尿道分泌物Urethral injuries 尿道损伤Urethritis 尿道炎Urgency 尿急Urinary cytology 尿细胞学检查Urinary hesitancy 排尿延迟Urinary retention 尿潴留Urinary tract obstruction 泌尿系统梗阻Urolithiasis尿路结石VVarices静脉曲张Varicocele精索静脉曲张Vascular malformations 血管畸形Vasoligation输精管结扎术Vein of Galen 大脑大静脉Venous malformations 静脉畸形Ventilator 呼吸器Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt 侧脑室－腹腔分流术Ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损Vesical calculi 膀胱结石Volvulus 肠扭转WWandering spleen 游走脾Washed red blood cell 洗涤红细胞Water intoxication 水中毒Wilms’ tumor 肾母细胞瘤ZZollinger-Ellison syndrome 卓－艾氏综合征。

在论坛上搜了一下，没有发现肝病专业的英语词汇，所以做个提议，大家一起整理一下关于肝病专业的英语词汇。

估计词汇不会超过1000，我们以每帖50个词汇为限，整理完毕，争取在3-6个月的时间，能使我们本版战友可以轻松阅读专业期刊杂志，希望各位高手和斑竹支持。

我先抛砖引玉，这是我整理了1天整理出的中英文对照肝脏基础知识，希望能继续下去。

The LiverThe liver is the largest gland in the body (approximately 1500 grams) and is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is glossy in appearance and dark red in color from the rich supply of blood flowing through it. Approximately 25% of the cardiac output flows to the liver. It performs many important functions:(1)the uptake, storage, and disposal of nutrients (protein, carbohydrates and fat), drugs, toxins and (2)the production of synthetic proteins (critical for blood clotting) and metabolism of substances produced by the body.肝脏肝脏是人体最大的腺体（重约1500克），它位于右上腹部。

肝脏表面光滑，因血液供应丰富而呈暗红色。

大约25%的心输出量流向肝脏。

肝脏有许多重要的功能：（1）营养物（蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪）、药物和毒素的摄取、储存和代谢。

医学英语词汇：常见手术名称医学英语词汇：常见手术名称导语：做为一名医务人员，不可能对常手术的英文名称不了解，这样可不是一名合格的医务人员。

以下是小编为大家精心整理的医学英语词汇：常见手术名称，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友!General Sugery 普外科appendectomy (appendicectomy) 阑尾切除术cholecystectmy 胆囊切除术cholecystostomy 胆囊造口术drainage of the abscess 脓肿引流enterostomy 肠造口术exploratory laparotomy 开腹探查术gastrectomy 胃切除术gastroduodenostomy 胃十二指肠吻合术hemorrhoidectomy 痔切除术hepaticotomy 肝管切开术hepatectomy 肝切除术herniorrhaphy 疝修补术ligation of lower oesophageal veins 低位食管静脉结扎pancreatectomy 胰切除术portal vena cava anastomosis 门腔静脉吻合术pyloroplasty 幽门成形术mastectomy 乳房切除术splenectomy 脾切除术thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术thyroid lobectomy 甲状腺叶切除术vagotomy 迷走神经切断术Orthopedics 骨科amputation 截肢arthrodesis 关节固定术excision of bone tumor 骨瘤切除术external fixation 外固定fasciotomy 筋膜切开术free skin graft 游离皮肤移植internal fixation 内固定plaster cast 石膏固顶plaster splintage 石膏夹板固定prosthetic replacement for joint 人工关节置换术reduction of fracture 骨折复位reduction of joint dislocation 关节脱位复位repair if ligament 韧带修补replantation if digit断指再植skeletal traction 骨牵引tenorrhaphy 腱缝合术。

医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词以下是医学学术英语中的一些主要词汇：
1. Anatomy - 解剖学
2. Physiology - 生理学
3. Pathology - 病理学
4. Pharmacology - 药理学
5. Microbiology - 微生物学
6. Genetics - 遗传学
7. Immunology - 免疫学
8. Epidemiology - 流行病学
9. Diagnosis - 诊断
10. Treatment - 治疗
11. Surgery - 外科手术
12. Radiology - 放射学
13. Cardiology - 心脏病学
14. Oncology - 肿瘤学
15. Neurology - 神经病学
16. Gastroenterology - 胃肠病学
17. Obstetrics - 产科学
18. Pediatrics - 儿科学
19. Dermatology - 皮肤病学
20. Psychiatry - 精神病学
21. Anesthesia - 麻醉学
22. Endocrinology - 内分泌学
23. Cardiac - 心脏的
24. Respiratory - 呼吸的
25. Digestive - 消化的
26. Nervous - 神经的
27. Muscular - 肌肉的
28. Skeletal - 骨骼的
29. Vascular - 血管的
30. Immune - 免疫的
这只是医学学术英语中的一小部分词汇，医学领域非常广泛，还有很多其他词汇和专业术语。

医学专业英语必备词汇1. Anatomy - 解剖学2. Physiology - 生理学3. Pathology - 病理学4. Pharmacology - 药理学5. Microbiology - 微生物学6. Immunology - 免疫学7. Radiology - 放射学8. Dermatology - 皮肤科学9. Cardiology - 心脏病学10. Gastroenterology - 肠胃病学11. Neurology - 神经病学12. Nephrology - 肾病学13. Hematology - 血液学14. Oncology - 肿瘤学15. Orthopedics - 骨科学16. Ophthalmology - 眼科学17. Obstetrics - 产科学18. Gynecology - 妇科学19. Pediatrics - 小儿科学20. Endocrinology - 内分泌学21. Psychiatry - 精神病学22. Surgery - 外科学23. Anesthesia - 麻醉学24. Radiography - X射线技术25. EKG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图26. CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) - 计算机断层扫描27. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像28. Ultrasound - 超声波29. Biopsy - 活检30. Diagnosis - 诊断31. Treatment - 治疗32. Prescription - 处方33. Medication - 药物34. Surgery - 手术35. Vaccine - 疫苗36. Epidemic - 流行病37. Pandemic - 大流行病38. Symptom - 症状39. Infection - 感染40. Contagious - 传染性的41. Immunity - 免疫力42. Antibiotic - 抗生素43. Antiviral - 抗病毒药物44. Antiseptic - 杀菌剂45. Anesthesia - 麻醉46. Sterilization - 灭菌47. Rehabilitation - 康复48. Prognosis - 预后49. Chronic - 慢性的50. Acute - 急性的。

文件生词malignancy恶性 ,恶性肿瘤hepatectomy肝切除术bilirubin胆红素bilirubinemia胆红素血症Hyperbilirubinemia高胆红素血症Indocyanine green吲哚花青绿indocyanine green retention靛青绿滞留量试验hepatic insufficiency肝功能不全,肝功能衰败jaundice黄疸retrospective review回首性检查intraoperative手术中的 ,术中parameters参数Logistic Regression Logistic 回归prognosis预后prognostic预后的hilar门的 ,脐的cholangiocarcinoma胆管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma肝内胆管癌anatomic解剖的 ,解剖学的hepatic hilus肝门perioperative围手术期的indicationcurativeresectionlikelihoodliver functionmetastasis hepatocellular carcinoma unexpectedcholestasisbiliary drainageextended hemihepatectomy Trisegmentectomy Chronic viral hepatitis cirrhosisserumon admission percutaneous transhepaticendoscopic biliary drainage endoscopicdrainage tubeportal vein 适应证 ,指征治愈的切除术可能性肝功能转移肝细胞癌不测的 ,突然的胆汁淤积胆汁引流扩大部分肝切除术三段切除慢性病毒性肝炎肝硬化免疫血清 ,血清住院时 ,住医院时经皮的经肝的内镜胆管引流 ,内镜胆管引流术内窥镜的 ;内窥镜检查的引流管 ,排液管门(静)脉,embolization peritoneal dissemination laparotomydistant metastasis Surgical Procedures anastomosis entericin terms of hemorrhage hemorrhagic hemolysis hemolytic hematology hematological hemodynamics coagulation status prothrombin time栓塞 ,栓塞术 ,栓子形成腹膜的播散 ,分布剖腹手术远端转移外科手术符合术肠的以的看法;以的方式出血出血性的溶血溶血的血液学血液的血流动力学高凝状态凝血酶原时间activated partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间antithrombin抗凝血酶thrombolytic溶血栓药 ,血栓溶解剂duration连续时间 ;时期nonlinear least squares method natural logarithmcategorizegalactose tolerance testhalf lifecomputed tomography scan contrast mediumbolusintegrated softwarevariablescontinuous variable categorical variable univariatemultivariateunivariate analysis multivariate analysis stepwise procedurechi square testcutoff valueOdds RatioMann Whitney testtailed 非线性最小平方法自然对数分类半乳糖耐量试验半衰期计算机体层拍照扫描 ,CT对照剂 ,造影剂推注集成软件变量连续变量分类变量单变量多变量单变量剖析多元剖析 ,多元统计剖析逐渐过程χ2查验 ,卡方查验 ,截断值比值比曼-怀二氏查验有尾的扫描receiver operating characteristic curve接受者（机）操作特点曲线morbidity and mortality decompressionin regard toliving related liver transplantation parenchymaliver parenchymaexcretoryparenchymalshrinkagebiotransformationadenosine triphosphate ammoniaAspartate Aminotransferase Alanine Aminotransferase Lactate Dehydrogenase alkaline phosphataseglutamylInferior Vena Cavaabdominal aortaParaaorticceliac axis 并发症和死亡率减压对于 ,至于活体家属供肝肝移植术实质肝实质排泄的 ,分泌的质的 ,主质的皱缩 ,皱缩度生物转变三磷腺苷氨天冬氨酸氨基转移酶丙氨酸氨基转移酶乳酸脱氢酶碱性磷酸酶谷氨酰基下腔静脉腹主动脉主动脉旁的腹腔干common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery superior mesenteric Artery Hepatic artery thrombosis pseudoaneurysm portacaval shunt arterialization angiographyocclusionoccludedcollateralconfluenceautologous vein graftporta hepatisPortal lymph nodesecond order biliary radicles lobar atrophycaudate lobefalciform ligament periampullary Retroduodenaljejunum (jejunal)肝总动脉肝固有动脉肠系膜上动脉肝动脉血栓形成假性动脉瘤门(静脉与 )腔静脉分流术动脉化血管造影术闭塞堵塞闭塞的侧的 ,侧支 ,副的合流 ,汇流自体静脉移植物肝门肝门淋奉承二级胆管根肝叶萎缩尾状叶肝镰状韧带壶腹四周的十二指肠后的空肠（的）ileum (ileal)colon(colonic)rectum (rectal)anal canaloncologyoncologicalneoplasmneoplasticneoplastic seedingpapillary tumor adenocarcinoma cystadenomatestisgastrinomasquamous cell carcinoma carcinoid tumorssarcomafocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) parenchymal disease advanced cancerwell differentiatednodule 回肠（的）结肠（的）直肠（的）肛管肿瘤学肿瘤学的肿瘤，重生物肿瘤的，重生物的肿瘤播种乳头瘤腺癌囊腺瘤睾丸胃泌素瘤鳞状细胞癌类癌瘤子局灶性结节性增生器质性疾病后期癌症分化优秀结节nodal metastases therapeutic effect neoadjuvant chemotherapy radiofrequency ablation arterial chemoembolization infiltrating macroscopically carcinoembryonic antigen indication contraindication preoperative workup postoperative morbidity rate operative approach radical operationen blocinoperablepalliativediagnostic laparoscopy non-therapeutic laparotomy invasive techniques procedural complications pancreaticoduodenectomy 淋奉承转移疗效新协助化疗射频消蚀动脉化疗性栓塞浸润肉眼 [检查 ]的;目视的癌胚抗原适应症指征禁忌证术前全面评估术后并发症发生率手术入路根治术 ,根治性手术整个地 ,整块地不可以手术的 ,不可以做手术的姑息的诊疗性腹腔镜检查非治疗性剖腹探查术微创技术手术并发症胰十二指肠切除术Adrenalectomy肾上腺切除术thrombectomy血栓摘除术lymphadenectomy淋奉承切除术Lymph Node Dissection淋奉承打扫术lymph node harvest淋奉承打扫end to side anastomosis端侧符合术hepaticojejunostomy肝空肠符合术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术Caudate lobectomy尾状叶切除术radiopharmaceutical agent放射性药剂iodized oil碘化油absolute ethanol无水乙醇scintigraphy闪耀扫描术helical螺旋的 ,螺旋状 ,螺旋状的cross sectional imaging横断层面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)内镜下逆行胆胰管造影magnetic resonancecholangiopancreatography(MRCP)磁共振胰胆管成像intraoperative ultrasonography术中超声检查法contrast enhanced computed tomography对照加强扫描 CTpositron emission tomography PET正电子发射断层扫描cholangiogram Recurrencefollow upconcomitant comorbiditiesbleeding extravasation hemobiliabiliary fistulapleural effusionlung edema splenomegaly hypersplenismhepatic encephalopathy ascitessubphrenic abscess endotoxaemia myocardial infarction pyrexialhypothermicBiliary Stricture 胆管造影复发随访伴发的 ,附随的并存病出血 ,流血外渗 ,溢出胆道出血胆瘘胸腔积液肺水肿脾肿大脾功能亢进肝性脑病腹水膈下脓肿内毒素血症心肌梗死发热的低体温的胆管狭小steatohepatitisfatty liveradipose tissueprimary sclerosing cholangitis anginasepsisperfusionex vivoin situright upper quadrant proximal partperineuralbifurcationipsilateralInstitutional Review Board Ethics Committees predispose toplatelethyperalimentationcirrhoticmorbiditymedications 脂肪性肝炎脂肪肝脂肪组织原发性硬化性胆管炎心绞痛败血症 ,脓毒症灌输离体 ,在活体外原位右上象限近心端神经四周的二根分叉部 ,分岔身体的同侧的 ,同侧的机构审察委员会伦理学委员会易患，使易感染、引发血小板高营养支持硬变的并发症，发病率用药dislodgegonadalHistologicfrozen sectionatrophyhypertrophy proliferation hyperplasiaStem cellsbone marrow derived epitheliumencasedreconstruction inflammatorybroad spectrum antibiotics blood cultureGram Negative bacillus cut surfacestentcatheterdirect cannulation spectrophotometer 移去 ,逐出 ,拿出性腺的 ,生殖腺的组织学的冰冻切片萎缩肥大 ,过分生长增生 ,增殖增生 ;数目性肥大干细胞骨髓衍生的上皮 ,上皮细胞包裹重修 ,再造 ,重构炎症性的广谱抗菌素血培育革兰阴性 [芽胞 ] 杆菌切面支架导管直接插管分光光度计rupturesomatostatinExtracellular MatrixcohortLength of Stayafter dischargestratifiedclear cutIn this regardcome at a cost progressivelyrationalehomogeneous heterogeneousputativeomnipotentas controlspreconditioned preconditioning prospectivelyprospective randomized date Disease-Specific survival 破碎 ,vt.(使)破碎生长抑素细胞外基质同期组群住院时间出院后分层的 ,成层的明确的在这方面是有代价的进行性地 ,渐进地原理 ,基础理论同类的同质的异类的 ,不一样的假设的全能的 ,无所不可以的作为比较预办理预办理前瞻性前瞻性随机数据疾病特异性生计率irreversible不行逆的references参照Cochrane循证医学cholangiopancreatography胰胆管造影术resolution分辨率（信心，决策解决）herein这样 ,基于，在此处iatrogenic医源性palliation和缓 ,减少running suture连续缝合orthotopic liver transplantation原位肝移植chemoradiation放化疗preneoplastic change癌前变化carcinogenesis致癌作用dysplasia发育不良 ,不典型增生endoprosthesis内镜置管术pruritus瘙痒pruritis瘙痒症Etiology (aetiology)病原学etiologic病原学的epidemiology流行病学epidemiological流行病学的pathophysiology病理生理学lesionRadionuclidenitrosaminepathogenesiscarcinoidMucinous Adenocarcinoma Clear cell adenocarcinoma Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma Squamous Cell CarcinomaOat Cell Carcinoma Undifferentiated Carcinoma PapillomatosisPapillary Carcinoma hepatoblastoma Haemangioendothelioma neuroendocrine tumour Leiomyosarcomamalignant fibrous histiocytoma nodular tumorscachexiasterilize 病变放射性核素亚硝胺类发病体制类癌黏液腺癌透明细胞腺癌印戒细胞腺癌腺鳞状癌鳞状细胞癌燕麦细胞癌未分化癌乳头状瘤病乳头状癌肝母细胞瘤血管内皮瘤神经内分泌瘤光滑肌瘤子恶化纤维组织细胞瘤结节性肿瘤恶液质灭菌 ,消毒surgical radicality angiogeneticangiogenic antiangiogenic chemosensitization photosensitizerirradiation conformational radiotherapy brachytherapy stereotactic interventional radiology oxaliplatindoxorubicingemcitabine immunosuppressant Portographycontrast agentlipiodolIodophorcystic ductcholedochal duct choledochal cysts手术的根治性血管生成血管源性的，生成血管的抗血管生成的化疗增敏感光剂 ,光敏剂放射，照耀适形放射治疗短距离放射治疗立体定位的 ,立体定向的介入放射学奥沙利铂多柔比星吉西他滨免疫克制剂门静脉造影术对照剂 ,造影剂碘油碘伏胆囊管胆总管胆总管囊肿Choledocholithiasis hepatolithiasisoriental cholangiohepatitis Biliary malformationLiver flukeprotocoltherapeutic regimen Palliative TreatmentSigns and Symptoms plethoraDifferential Diagnosis Randomized Controlled Trials enterocinesiaLigationluminal obstruction screeningpredisposing factor enhanced susceptibility hyperbaric oxygen treatment asymptomaticindolentIntractable Pain 胆总管结石肝内胆管结石病东方人胆管肝炎胆管畸形肝吸虫治疗方案治疗方案姑息治疗体征和症状多血症 ,多血质鉴识诊疗随机比较试验肠动 ,肠蠕动结扎术官腔堵塞普检 ,筛查 ,挑选易感要素加强易感性高压氧治疗无症状的无痛的固执性痛苦visceralsteatosislatencyside effectsdecompensationanoxiaanoxicanoxemia.ischemiaIschemia-Reperfusion Injury ischemic changeanemiapyogenicpurulenthepatomegalyumbilical fissurecytokineneuropeptide neurotransmitterfluorescence in situ hybridization necrosisnecrocytosis 内脏的脂肪变性潜藏期副作用失代偿缺养症缺氧的缺氧血症 ;血缺氧局部缺血 ,缺血缺血再灌输损害缺血性改变贫血化脓的化脓性 ,脓性的肝肿大裂脐细胞因子神经肽神经递质荧光原位杂交坏死细胞坏死apoptosisapoptotic desmoplastic reaction oncogene Suppressor Genes geneticepigenetic change hypermethylation sequential occurrence stepwise mesenchymal morphologyatypiaPhenotype dehydrationparaffin impregnation embeddingserial section anesthesia anesthesiology anesthetist凋亡细胞凋亡的纤维成形性反响癌基因克制基因遗传的基因外改变超甲基化次序发生分步的 ,分段的 ,逐渐的间质形态非典型 ,异型性表型脱水白腊浸渍 ,受精 ,受孕包埋 ,埋植连续切片麻醉麻醉学麻醉师palpationorificeone orificeintubatepancreatic secretion centrifuge cannulationreactive oxygen species recanalizationCeliac Plexus arteriolarCollateral Circulation intimasubintimal mitochondria multifocalendemicamenablemore specifically mainstaykinklethal 触诊管口 ,口,小孔一个管口插管胰腋离心 ,,离心计管子活性氧再通，再穿通腹腔丛微动脉的 ,小动脉的侧支循环内膜内膜下的线粒体多病灶的地方性的合适的更详细地说主要依照扭折 ,纽结致命的peculiarity armamentarium demarcate paucity migration interim report nihilistic enigmatic occult autopsy detritus antegrade retrograde endogenous exogenous intracorporeal extracorporeal autocrine paracrine xenogenic cryptogenic insidiously 特征医疗设施 ,设施划界限 ,分开 ,差别资料困穷移位中期报告虚无主义的难理解的，神奇的隐藏的，潜隐的尸检腐屑 ,腐质 ,碎屑顺行的逆行的内源的 ,内生的外源的 ,外生的体内的体外的自分泌旁分泌异体的 ,异种的隐原性的 ,原由不明的隐袭地congenital hereditarypitfallBiliary anomalies cholecystolithiasis cholecystitis choledocholithiasis total bilirubin unconjugated bilirubin conjugated bilirubin bile plugsinusoidsinusoidal transjugular portosystemic shunt hepatic coma hyperammonaemia hypoalbuminemia neuropsychiatric confusion disorientation astrocyte 天生的 ,天生的遗传的 ,遗传性的缺点胆道畸形胆囊结石胆囊炎胆总管结石总胆红素游离胆红素联合胆红素胆栓血窦，窦状隙血窦的窦状隙的经颈静脉的门体分流术肝昏倒高氨血症低白蛋白血症神经精神性的意识错杂 ,意识模糊定向阻碍星形胶质细胞inflammatory mediator炎症介质neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte)嗜中性粒细胞macrophagephagocyte phagocytosismitogen reticuloendothelial system Synthasedysregulation chromosomenuclear atypia nucleotidemitochondria mitochondrial microsomemicrosomaldetoxifydetoxification carcinogenmutagencarbohydrate antigen glycoprotein 巨噬细胞吞噬细胞吞噬作用促细胞分裂原 ,有丝分裂原网状内皮系统合酶调理异样 ,失调染色体核异型核苷酸线粒体线粒体的微粒体微粒体的去毒 , 解毒，戒烟毒解毒 (作用 ),脱毒 ,戒毒治疗致癌物诱变剂 ,致突变原糖类抗原标记物 ,糖链抗原糖蛋白extirpationmalignant transformation forceps biopsytranspapillarystenosisstenoticpatency ratevasculaturediffuse intravascular coagulation coagulant and fibrinolytic systems circulatory disturbance Vascular Permeability vasodilatationvasopressorvasopressinendothelinprostaglandinSaphenous Veinsreninangiotensinaldosteroneoestrogen (estrin)摘除恶变 ,恶性转变钳夹活检 ,钳夹活检术经十二指肠乳头狭小狭小的畅达率脉管系统弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)凝血和纤溶系统循环杂乱血管通透性血管扩充血管升压类药物加压素内皮缩血管肽前列腺素隐静脉肾素血管紧张素醛固酮雌激素progestogen (progestin)孕激素androgen (androtin)雄激素testosterone睾酮acute tubular necrosis急性肾小管坏死oedema水肿oliguria少尿症diuretic(a)利尿剂haemofiltration血液滤过dialyse透析dialysate(Dialysis Solutions)透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘况综合征(ARDS)diaphragmdyspneapulmonary oedema ventilatory dysfunction Total Parenteral Nutrition enteral nutrition malabsorption venoplastyhematomaperforation paracentesis横隔呼吸困难肺水肿通气功能阻碍全胃肠外营养肠道营养汲取不良血管成形术血肿穿孔穿刺 ,穿刺术granulomatous inflammation Bacterial Translocationthe administration of antibiotics prophylactic antibiotics synbiotic therapyfree radicallactatemalaiseepisodeidiopathictracerrelaparotomymild to moderate multifactorialiohexolprocainelidocaineanalgesiadehiscencecryopreserveddiscriminant analysis cadaveric 肉芽肿性炎症细菌移位抗生素的应用预防性抗生素合生元治疗自由基乳酸盐不适感 ,浑身乏力发生特发性的 ,自觉性的示踪剂再手术轻度到中度多因子的 ,多要素的碘海醇普鲁卡因利多卡因镇痛裂开冷藏保留的鉴识剖析尸体的subjectsobliterationmilieupotentschematic diagram misidentificationalgorithmstrong echoacoustic shadowhyperecho(ic)isoecho(ic)hypoecho(ic)anecho(ic)aseptic techniqueasepsisantisepsisemergency operationconfine operationselective operationevidence-based medicine polymerase chain reaction (PCR)受试者涂去 ,抹消 ,删除环境 ,境地有力的 ,有效的表示图 ,原理图错误认可 ,错认公式 ,算法 ,推导强回声声影高回声（的）等回声（的）低回声（的）无回声（的）无菌术灭菌消毒急诊手术限时手术择期手术循证医学聚合酶链反响inquiry问诊chief complaints主诉history collection病史收集history of present illness现病史past history既往史personal history个人史marital history婚姻史menstrual history月经史child bearing history生育史family history家族史physical examination体格检查inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊auscultation听诊abdominal pain腹痛abdominal distension腹胀diarrhea腹泻constipation便秘nausea恶心vomit呕吐stool大便urine小便aspiration误吸asphyxia (apnea)窒息atelectasis肺不张arrhythmia心律失态cardiac arrest心脏骤停ventricular fibrillation心室纤颤hyperthermia高热hypothermia低温Natrium(sodium)钠Kalium(potassium)钾Chlorine氯Calcium钙Magnesium镁Phosphorus磷ion离子homoeostasis体内均衡derangement杂乱isotonic dehydration等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration高渗性缺水water intoxication水中毒hyponatremia hypernatremia hypochloremia hyperchloremia hypokalemiahyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hypermagnesemia hypophosphatemia hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis hematocrit (Hct) autologous blood transfusion salvaged autotransfusion predeposited autotransfusion hemodiluted autotransfusion cryoprecipitate低钠血症高钠血症低氯血症高氯血症低钾血症高钾血症低钙血症高钙血症低镁血症高镁血症低磷血症高磷血症代谢性酸中毒代谢性碱中毒呼吸性酸中毒呼吸性碱中毒血细胞比容自体输血回收式自体输血预存式自体输血稀释式自体输血冷积淀furunclefurunculosiscarbuncleacute lymphangitis erysipelasabscessdermoid cancer melanoticmelanomalipomaneurinoma neurofibromacapillary hemangioma angiocavernoma racemosum hemangioma sebum cysttetanusgangrene superinfection septicemia debridementsimple goiter疖疖病痈急性淋巴管炎丹毒脓肿皮肤癌黑痣黑色素瘤脂肪瘤神经鞘瘤神经纤维瘤毛细血管瘤海绵状血管瘤蔓状血管瘤皮脂腺囊肿破伤风坏疽二重感染败血症清创术纯真性甲状腺肿hyperthyroidism hypothyroidismmastitismastopathy mastectomyteratomainguinal herniafemoral hernia incisional herniaumbilial herniahernia of linea alba interloop abscess helicobacter pylory(HP) pyloric obstruction vagotomylymphomaduodenal diverticulum intussusceptionpolypsulcerative colitisrectal prolapse anorectal abscess 甲亢甲减乳腺炎乳腺病，乳腺增生症乳房切除术畸胎瘤腹股沟疝股疝切口疝脐疝白线疝肠间脓肿幽门螺杆菌幽门堵塞迷走神经切断术淋巴瘤十二指肠憩室肠套叠息肉溃疡性结肠炎直肠脱垂直肠肛管四周脓肿anal fistulaanal fissure haemorrhoidsinternal haemorrhoids external haemorrhoids mixed haemorrhoids annulus haemorrhoids proctocolectomymajor operation omentum pancreaticobiliaryBile canaliculus mediastinumquadrate lobeorganicinterferonglomerular filtration rate Fulminant Liver Failure Nephrotic Syndrome enteropathy Esophageal cancer gastroesophageal varices 肛瘘肛裂痔内痔外痔混淆痔环形痔直肠与结肠切除术大手术网膜胰胆管的胆怯管纵隔方叶有机的 ,器官的扰乱素肾小球滤过率暴发性肝衰竭肾病综合征肠病 ,肠病变食管癌胃食管静脉曲张Supine Position informed consent sequelae demarcate postprandialto date regarding serologic Serology hepaplastin test ureahemeanionic 仰卧位知情赞同后遗症 ,转归划界限 ,分开 ,差别食后的迄今为止对于血清学的血清学肝促凝血活酶试验尿素血红素阴离子的。

医学常用专业英语词汇（2）医学常用专业英语词汇Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia 肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis 阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门廔管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统 The Endocrine System Glycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统 The Nervous SystemCerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyography 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis 痀偻症Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射。

文献生词malignancy 恶性,恶性肿瘤hepatectomy 肝切除术bilirubin 胆红素bilirubinemia 胆红素血症Hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症Indocyanine green 吲哚花青绿indocyanine green retention 靛青绿滞留量试验hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全,肝功能衰退jaundice 黄疸retrospective review 回顾性调查intraoperative 手术中的,术中parameters 参数Logistic Regression Logistic回归prognosis 预后prognostic 预后的hilar 门的,脐的cholangiocarcinoma 胆管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 肝内胆管癌anatomic 解剖的,解剖学的hepatic hilus 肝门perioperative 围手术期的indication 适应证,指征curative 治愈的resection 切除术likelihood 可能性liver function 肝功能metastasis 转移hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞癌unexpected 意外的,忽然的cholestasis 胆汁淤积biliary drainage 胆汁引流extended hemihepatectomy 扩大半肝切除术Trisegmentectomy 三段切除Chronic viral hepatitis 慢性病毒性肝炎cirrhosis 肝硬化serum 免疫血清,血清on admission 入院时,住医院时percutaneous 经皮的transhepatic 经肝的endoscopic biliary drainage 内镜胆管引流,内镜胆管引流术, endoscopic 内窥镜的;内窥镜检查的drainage tube 引流管,排液管portal vein 门(静)脉embolization 栓塞,栓塞术,栓子形成peritoneal 腹膜的dissemination 播散,散布laparotomy 剖腹手术distant metastasis 远端转移Surgical Procedures 外科手术anastomosis 吻合术enteric 肠的in terms of 以…的观点;以…的方式hemorrhage 出血hemorrhagic 出血性的hemolysis 溶血hemolytic 溶血的hematology 血液学hematological 血液的hemodynamics 血流动力学coagulation status 高凝状态prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间activated partial thromboplastin time 激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间antithrombin 抗凝血酶thrombolytic 溶血栓药,血栓溶解剂duration 持续时间;期间nonlinear least squares method 非线性最小平方法natural logarithm 自然对数categorize 分类galactose tolerance test 半乳糖耐量试验half life 半衰期computed tomography scan 计算机体层摄影扫描,CT扫描contrast medium 对比剂,造影剂bolus 推注integrated software 集成软件variables 变量continuous variable 连续变量categorical variable 分类变量univariate 单变量multivariate 多变量univariate analysis 单变量分析multivariate analysis 多元分析,多元统计分析stepwise procedure 逐步过程chi square test χ2检验,卡方检验,cutoff value 截断值Odds Ratio 比值比Mann Whitney test 曼-怀二氏检验tailed 有…尾的receiver operating characteristic curve 接受者（机）操作特征曲线morbidity and mortality 并发症和死亡率decompression 减压in regard to 关于,至于living related liver transplantation 活体亲属供肝肝移植术parenchyma 实质liver parenchyma 肝实质excretory 排泄的,分泌的parenchymal 质的,主质的shrinkage 皱缩,皱缩度biotransformation 生物转化adenosine triphosphate 三磷腺苷ammonia 氨Aspartate Aminotransferase 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶Alanine Aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶Lactate Dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶glutamyl 谷氨酰基Inferior Vena Cava 下腔静脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉Paraaortic 主动脉旁的celiac axis 腹腔干common hepatic artery 肝总动脉proper hepatic artery 肝固有动脉superior mesenteric Artery 肠系膜上动脉Hepatic artery thrombosis 肝动脉血栓形成pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤portacaval shunt 门(静脉与)腔静脉分流术arterialization 动脉化angiography 血管造影术occlusion 闭塞梗塞occluded 闭塞的collateral 侧的,侧支,副的confluence 合流,汇流autologous vein graft 自体静脉移植物porta hepatis 肝门Portal lymph node 肝门淋巴结second order biliary radicles 二级胆管根lobar atrophy 肝叶萎缩caudate lobe 尾状叶falciform ligament 肝镰状韧带periampullary 壶腹周围的Retroduodenal 十二指肠后的jejunum (jejunal) 空肠（的）ileum (ileal) 回肠（的）colon(colonic) 结肠（的）rectum (rectal) 直肠（的）anal canal 肛管oncology 肿瘤学oncological 肿瘤学的neoplasm 肿瘤，新生物neoplastic 肿瘤的，新生物的neoplastic seeding 肿瘤播种papillary tumor 乳头瘤adenocarcinoma 腺癌cystadenoma 囊腺瘤testis 睾丸gastrinoma 胃泌素瘤squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌carcinoid tumors 类癌sarcoma 肉瘤focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 局灶性结节性增生parenchymal disease 器质性疾病advanced cancer 晚期癌症well differentiated 分化良好nodule 结节nodal metastases 淋巴结转移therapeutic effect 疗效neoadjuvant chemotherapy 新辅助化疗radiofrequency ablation 射频消蚀arterial chemoembolization 动脉化疗性栓塞infiltrating 浸润macroscopically 肉眼[检查]的;目视的carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原indication 适应症指征contraindication 禁忌证preoperative workup 术前全面评估postoperative morbidity rate 术后并发症发生率operative approach 手术入路radical operation 根治术,根治性手术en bloc 整个地,整块地inoperable 不能手术的,不能做手术的palliative 姑息的diagnostic laparoscopy 诊断性腹腔镜检查non-therapeutic laparotomy 非治疗性剖腹探查术invasive techniques 微创技术procedural complications 手术并发症pancreaticoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Adrenalectomy 肾上腺切除术thrombectomy 血栓摘除术lymphadenectomy 淋巴结切除术Lymph Node Dissection 淋巴结清扫术lymph node harvest 淋巴结清扫end to side anastomosis 端侧吻合术hepaticojejunostomy 肝空肠吻合术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术Caudate lobectomy 尾状叶切除术radiopharmaceutical agent 放射性药剂iodized oil 碘化油absolute ethanol 无水乙醇scintigraphy 闪烁扫描术helical 螺旋的,螺旋状,螺旋状的cross sectional imaging 横断层面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)内镜下逆行胆胰管造影magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)磁共振胰胆管成像intraoperative ultrasonography 术中超声检查法contrast enhanced computed tomography对比增强扫描CT positron emission tomography PET正电子发射断层扫描cholangiogram 胆管造影Recurrence 复发follow up 随访concomitant 伴发的,附随的comorbidities 并存病bleeding 出血,流血extravasation 外渗,溢出hemobilia 胆道出血biliary fistula 胆瘘pleural effusion 胸腔积液lung edema 肺水肿splenomegaly 脾肿大hypersplenism 脾功能亢进hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病ascites 腹水subphrenic abscess 膈下脓肿endotoxaemia 内毒素血症myocardial infarction 心肌梗死pyrexial 发热的hypothermic 低体温的Biliary Stricture 胆管狭窄steatohepatitis 脂肪性肝炎fatty liver 脂肪肝adipose tissue 脂肪组织primary sclerosing cholangitis 原发性硬化性胆管炎angina 心绞痛sepsis 败血症,脓毒症perfusion 灌注ex vivo 离体,在活体外in situ 原位right upper quadrant 右上象限proximal part 近心端perineural 神经周围的bifurcation 二根分叉部,分岔ipsilateral 身体的同侧的,同侧的Institutional Review Board 机构审查委员会Ethics Committees 伦理学委员会predispose to 易患，使易感染、诱发platelet 血小板hyperalimentation 高营养支持cirrhotic 硬变的morbidity 并发症，发病率medications 用药dislodge 移去,逐出,取出gonadal 性腺的,生殖腺的Histologic 组织学的frozen section 冰冻切片atrophy 萎缩hypertrophy 肥大,过度生长proliferation 增生,增殖hyperplasia 增生;数量性肥大Stem cells 干细胞bone marrow derived 骨髓衍生的epithelium 上皮,上皮细胞encased 包裹reconstruction 重建,再造,重构inflammatory 炎症性的broad spectrum antibiotics 广谱抗菌素blood culture 血培养Gram Negative bacillus 革兰阴性[芽胞]杆菌cut surface 切面stent 支架catheter 导管direct cannulation 直接插管spectrophotometer 分光光度计rupture 破裂,vt.(使)破裂somatostatin 生长抑素Extracellular Matrix 细胞外基质cohort 同期组群Length of Stay 住院时间after discharge 出院后stratified 分层的,成层的clear cut 明确的In this regard 在这方面come at a cost 是有代价的progressively 进行性地,渐进地rationale 原理,基础理论homogeneous 同类的同质的heterogeneous 异类的,不同的putative 假定的omnipotent 全能的,无所不能的as controls 作为对照preconditioned 预处理preconditioning 预处理prospectively 前瞻性prospective randomized date 前瞻性随机数据Disease-Specific survival 疾病特异性生存率irreversible 不可逆的references 参考Cochrane 循证医学cholangiopancreatography 胰胆管造影术resolution 分辨率（决心，决议解决）herein 如此,鉴于，在此处iatrogenic 医源性palliation 缓和,减轻running suture 连续缝合orthotopic liver transplantation 原位肝移植chemoradiation 放化疗preneoplastic change 癌前变化carcinogenesis 致癌作用dysplasia 发育不良,不典型增生endoprosthesis 内镜置管术pruritus 瘙痒pruritis 瘙痒症Etiology (aetiology) 病原学etiologic 病原学的epidemiology 流行病学epidemiological 流行病学的pathophysiology 病理生理学lesion 病变Radionuclide 放射性核素nitrosamine 亚硝胺类pathogenesis 发病机制carcinoid 类癌Mucinous Adenocarcinoma 粘液腺癌Clear cell adenocarcinoma 透明细胞腺癌Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma 印戒细胞腺癌Adenosquamous Carcinoma 腺鳞状癌Squamous Cell Carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌Oat Cell Carcinoma 燕麦细胞癌Undifferentiated Carcinoma 未分化癌Papillomatosis 乳头状瘤病Papillary Carcinoma 乳头状癌hepatoblastoma 肝母细胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma 血管内皮瘤neuroendocrine tumour 神经内分泌瘤Leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤malignant fibrous histiocytoma 恶化纤维组织细胞瘤nodular tumors 结节性肿瘤cachexia 恶液质sterilize 灭菌,消毒surgical radicality 手术的根治性angiogenetic 血管生成angiogenic 血管源性的，生成血管的antiangiogenic 抗血管生成的chemosensitization 化疗增敏photosensitizer 感光剂,光敏剂irradiation 放射，照射conformational radiotherapy 适形放射治疗brachytherapy 短距离放射治疗stereotactic 立体定位的,立体定向的interventional radiology 介入放射学oxaliplatin 奥沙利铂doxorubicin 多柔比星gemcitabine 吉西他滨immunosuppressant 免疫抑制剂Portography 门静脉造影术contrast agent 对比剂,造影剂lipiodol 碘油Iodophor 碘伏cystic duct 胆囊管choledochal duct 胆总管choledochal cysts 胆总管囊肿Choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石hepatolithiasis 肝内胆管结石病oriental cholangiohepatitis 东方人胆管肝炎Biliary malformation 胆管畸形Liver fluke 肝吸虫protocol 治疗方案therapeutic regimen 治疗方案Palliative Treatment 姑息治疗Signs and Symptoms 体征和症状plethora 多血症,多血质Differential Diagnosis 鉴别诊断Randomized Controlled Trials 随机对照试验enterocinesia 肠动,肠蠕动Ligation 结扎术luminal obstruction 官腔阻塞screening 普检,筛查,筛选predisposing factor 易感因素enhanced susceptibility 增强易感性hyperbaric oxygen treatment 高压氧治疗asymptomatic 无症状的indolent 无痛的Intractable Pain 顽固性疼痛visceral 内脏的steatosis 脂肪变性latency 潜伏期side effects 副作用decompensation 失代偿anoxia 缺养症anoxic 缺氧的anoxemia. 缺氧血症;血缺氧ischemia 局部缺血,缺血Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 缺血再灌注损伤ischemic change 缺血性改变anemia 贫血pyogenic 化脓的purulent 化脓性,脓性的hepatomegaly 肝肿大umbilical fissure 裂脐cytokine 细胞因子neuropeptide 神经肽neurotransmitter 神经递质fluorescence in situ hybridization 荧光原位杂交necrosis 坏死necrocytosis 细胞坏死apoptosis 凋亡apoptotic 细胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction 纤维成形性反应oncogene 癌基因Suppressor Genes 抑制基因genetic 遗传的epigenetic change 基因外改变hypermethylation 超甲基化sequential occurrence 顺序发生stepwise 分步的,分段的,逐步的mesenchymal 间质morphology 形态atypia 非典型,异型性Phenotype 表型dehydration 脱水paraffin 石蜡impregnation 浸渍,受精,受孕embedding 包埋,埋植serial section 连续切片anesthesia 麻醉anesthesiology 麻醉学anesthetist 麻醉师palpation 触诊orifice 管口,口,小孔one orifice 一个管口intubate 插管pancreatic secretion 胰腋centrifuge 离心,,离心机cannulation 管子reactive oxygen species 活性氧recanalization 再通，再穿通Celiac Plexus 腹腔丛arteriolar 微动脉的,小动脉的Collateral Circulation 侧支循环intima 内膜subintimal 内膜下的mitochondria 线粒体multifocal 多病灶的endemic 地方性的amenable 适合的more specifically 更具体地说mainstay 主要依据kink 扭折,纽结lethal 致命的peculiarity 特性armamentarium 医疗设备,设备demarcate 划界线,分开,区别paucity 资料贫乏migration 移位interim report 中期报告nihilistic 虚无主义的enigmatic 难理解的，神秘的occult 隐匿的，潜隐的autopsy 尸检detritus 腐屑,腐质,碎屑antegrade 顺行的retrograde逆行的endogenous 内源的,内生的exogenous 外源的,外生的intracorporeal 体内的extracorporeal 体外的autocrine 自分泌paracrine 旁分泌xenogenic 异体的,异种的cryptogenic 隐原性的,原因不明的insidiously 隐袭地congenital 先天的,天生的hereditary 遗传的,遗传性的pitfall 缺陷Biliary anomalies 胆道畸形cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石cholecystitis 胆囊炎choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石total bilirubin总胆红素unconjugated bilirubin 游离胆红素conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红素bile plug 胆栓sinusoid 血窦，窦状隙sinusoidal 血窦的窦状隙的transjugular 经颈静脉的portosystemic shunt 门体分流术hepatic coma 肝昏迷hyperammonaemia 高氨血症hypoalbuminemia 低白蛋白血症neuropsychiatric 神经精神性的confusion 意识错乱,意识模糊disorientation 定向障碍astrocyte 星形胶质细胞inflammatory mediator 炎症介质neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 嗜中性粒细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞phagocyte 吞噬细胞phagocytosis 吞噬作用mitogen 促细胞分裂原,有丝分裂原reticuloendothelial system 网状内皮系统Synthase 合酶dysregulation 调节异常,失调chromosome 染色体nuclear atypia 核异型nucleotide 核苷酸mitochondria 线粒体mitochondrial 线粒体的microsome 微粒体microsomal 微粒体的detoxify 去毒, 解毒，戒烟毒detoxification 解毒(作用),脱毒,戒毒治疗carcinogen 致癌物mutagen 诱变剂,致突变原carbohydrate antigen 糖类抗原标志物,糖链抗原glycoprotein 糖蛋白extirpation 摘除malignant transformation 恶变,恶性转化forceps biopsy 钳夹活检,钳夹活检术transpapillary 经十二指肠乳头stenosis 狭窄stenotic 狭窄的patency rate 通畅率vasculature 脉管系统diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管内凝血(DIC) coagulant and fibrinolytic systems 凝血和纤溶系统circulatory disturbance 循环紊乱Vascular Permeability 血管通透性vasodilatation 血管扩张vasopressor 血管升压类药物vasopressin 加压素endothelin 内皮缩血管肽prostaglandin 前列腺素Saphenous Veins 隐静脉renin 肾素angiotensin 血管紧张素aldosterone 醛固酮oestrogen (estrin) 雌激素progestogen (progestin) 孕激素androgen (androtin) 雄激素testosterone 睾酮acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死oedema 水肿oliguria 少尿症diuretic(a) 利尿剂haemofiltration 血液滤过dialyse 透析dialysate (Dialysis Solutions) 透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS) diaphragm 横隔dyspnea 呼吸困难pulmonary oedema 肺水肿ventilatory dysfunction 通气功能障碍Total Parenteral Nutrition 全胃肠外营养enteral nutrition 肠道营养malabsorption 吸收不良venoplasty 血管成形术hematoma 血肿perforation 穿孔paracentesis 穿刺,穿刺术granulomatous inflammation 肉芽肿性炎症Bacterial Translocation 细菌移位the administration of antibiotics 抗生素的应用prophylactic antibiotics 预防性抗生素synbiotic therapy 合生元治疗free radical 自由基lactate 乳酸盐malaise 不适感,全身乏力episode 发作idiopathic 特发性的,自发性的tracer 示踪剂relaparotomy 再手术mild to moderate 轻度到中度multifactorial 多因子的,多因素的iohexol 碘海醇procaine 普鲁卡因lidocaine 利多卡因analgesia 镇痛dehiscence 裂开cryopreserved 冷藏保存的discriminant analysis 判别分析cadaveric 尸体的subjects 受试者obliteration 涂去,抹消,删除milieu 环境,境界potent 有力的,有效的schematic diagram 示意图,原理图misidentification 错误认同,错认algorithm 公式,算法,推导strong echo 强回声acoustic shadow 声影hyperecho(ic) 高回声（的）isoecho(ic) 等回声（的）hypoecho(ic) 低回声（的）anecho(ic) 无回声（的）aseptic technique 无菌术asepsis 灭菌antisepsis 消毒emergency operation 急诊手术confine operation 限期手术selective operation 择期手术evidence-based medicine 循证医学polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应inquiry 问诊chief complaints 主诉history collection 病史采集history of present illness 现病史past history 既往史personal history 个人史marital history 婚姻史menstrual history 月经史child bearing history 生育史family history 家族史physical examination 体格检查inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 叩诊auscultation 听诊abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal distension 腹胀diarrhea 腹泻constipation 便秘nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐stool 大便urine 小便aspiration 误吸asphyxia (apnea) 窒息atelectasis 肺不张arrhythmia 心律失常cardiac arrest 心脏骤停ventricular fibrillation 心室纤颤hyperthermia 高热hypothermia 低温Natrium (sodium) 钠Kalium (potassium) 钾Chlorine 氯Calcium 钙Magnesium 镁Phosphorus 磷ion 离子homoeostasis 体内平衡derangement 紊乱isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水water intoxication 水中毒hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒hematocrit (Hct) 血细胞比容autologous blood transfusion 自体输血salvaged autotransfusion 回收式自体输血predeposited autotransfusion 预存式自体输血hemodiluted autotransfusion 稀释式自体输血cryoprecipitate 冷沉淀furuncle 疖furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎erysipelas 丹毒abscess 脓肿dermoid cancer 皮肤癌melanotic 黑痣melanoma 黑色素瘤lipoma 脂肪瘤neurinoma 神经鞘瘤neurofibroma 神经纤维瘤capillary hemangioma 毛细血管瘤angiocavernoma 海绵状血管瘤racemosum hemangioma 蔓状血管瘤sebum cyst 皮脂腺囊肿tetanus 破伤风gangrene 坏疽superinfection 二重感染septicemia 败血症debridement 清创术simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿hyperthyroidism 甲亢hypothyroidism 甲减mastitis 乳腺炎mastopathy 乳腺病，乳腺增生症mastectomy 乳房切除术teratoma 畸胎瘤inguinal hernia 腹股沟疝femoral hernia 股疝incisional hernia 切口疝umbilial hernia 脐疝hernia of linea alba 白线疝interloop abscess 肠间脓肿helicobacter pylory (HP) 幽门螺杆菌pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻vagotomy 迷走神经切断术lymphoma 淋巴瘤duodenal diverticulum 十二指肠憩室intussusception 肠套叠polyps 息肉ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂anorectal abscess 直肠肛管周围脓肿anal fistula 肛瘘anal fissure 肛裂haemorrhoids 痔internal haemorrhoids 内痔external haemorrhoids 外痔mixed haemorrhoids 混合痔annulus haemorrhoids 环形痔proctocolectomy 直肠与结肠切除术major operation 大手术omentum 网膜pancreaticobiliary 胰胆管的Bile canaliculus 胆小管mediastinum 纵隔quadrate lobe 方叶organic 有机的,器官的interferon 干扰素glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率Fulminant Liver Failure 暴发性肝衰竭Nephrotic Syndrome 肾病综合征enteropathy 肠病,肠病变Esophageal cancer 食管癌gastroesophageal varices 胃食管静脉曲张Supine Position 仰卧位informed consent 知情同意sequelae 后遗症,转归demarcate 划界线,分开,区别postprandial 食后的to date 迄今为止regarding 关于serologic 血清学的Serology 血清学hepaplastin test 肝促凝血活酶试验urea 尿素heme 血红素anionic 阴离子的。

医学期刊指南英语词汇aallergy（变态反应）andrology男性学anesthesiology麻醉学bbiochemistry & molecular biology 分子生物学ccardiac & cardiovascular systems 心血管系统cell biology细胞生物学chemistry, medicinal医学化学clinical neurology临床神经病学critical care medicine危重病人护理医学ddentistry, oral surgery & medicine口腔医学dermatology & venereal diseases皮肤病学developmental biology发育生物学eemergency medicine急救医学endocrinology & metabolism内分泌学ggastroenterology & hepatology胃肠病学及肝脏病学genetics & heredity遗传学geriatrics & gerontology老年病学hhealth care sciences & services卫生保健hematology血液学iimmunology免疫学infectious diseases感染性疾病mmedical ethics医学伦理学medical informatics医学信息学medical laboratory technology医学实验室medicine, general & internal内科学medicine, legal,法医学medicine, research & experimental医学研究及实验microbiology微生物学microscopy显微镜检查mycology真菌学nneuroimaging神经影像neurosciences神经科学nutrition & dietetics营养学oobstetrics & gynecology产科学oncology肿瘤学operations research & management science手术探查ophthalmology眼科学orthopedics矫形外科学otorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科学pparasitology寄生物学pathology病理学pediatrics儿科学peripheral vascular disease周围血管性疾病pharmacology & pharmacy药理学physics, applied应用医学physics, fluids & plasmas血液学physiology生理学psychiatry精神病学psychology心理学public, environmental & occupational health职业卫生rradiology, nuclear medicine & medical imaging 放射线学biology生殖生物学respiratory system呼吸系统rheumatology风湿病学ssubstance abuse(精神性)药物滥用surgery外科学ttoxicology毒理学transportation science & technologytropical medicine,热带病学uurology & nephrology, 泌尿科学vvirology病毒学。

医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词VocabularyUnit 1neuron 神经元，神经细胞overload 超载，超负荷diabetes 糖尿病hypertension 高血压cholesterol 胆固醇medication 药物consultation 问诊，咨询enzyme 酶osteoporosis 骨质疏松（症）pneumonia 肺炎vaccine 疫苗prescription 处方simultaneous 同时的resident 住院医生overwhelming 巨大的，势不可挡的prioritize 确定优先顺序simulate 模拟omniscient 全知的tablet 药片eligibility 适任，合格criterion 标准prognosis 预后ward 病房，病室infectious 传染的，有传染性的hepatitis 肝炎metabolism 新陈代谢exacerbate 使加剧，使恶化relapse （旧病）复发epidemiology 流行病学intravenous 静脉内的arterial 动脉的humanitarian 人道主义的malaria 疟疾tuberculosis 肺结核integral 完整的control group 对照组famine 饥荒publicity 宣传exceed 超过compliance 服从Unit 2doom 注定microbial 微生物的vulnerable 易受伤的penicillin 青霉素regression 倒退，退步respiratory 呼吸的cholera 霍乱venue 地点mutation 变异pandemic 大流行的（病）influenza 流行性感冒antigen 抗原immune 免疫的complication 并发症infrastructure 基础设施deteriorate 恶化exotic 外国的lethal 致命的eradicate 根除prevalence 流行率toxicity 毒性immigration 移民diagnostic 诊断法pathogen 病原体chronic 慢性的gastric 胃的ulcer 溃疡pesticide 杀虫剂smallpox 天花pathogenic 致病的surveillance 监督vaccination 接种疫苗panacea 万全之策plague 瘟疫radiograph 射线照片，X光照片screen 屏幕attend to 照料，致力于be infected with 感染上... hit the headline 成为头条contribute to 捐献，有助于Unit 3tornado 龙卷风adrenaline 肾上腺素residency 专科住院医生实习期internist 内科医生autoimmune 自体免疫病assault 攻击，袭击optimal 最佳的，理想的dementia 痴呆physiology 生理学biochemistry 生物化学experimentation 实验cerebral 大脑的therapist 治疗学家allergy 过敏abdominal 腹部的mercury 汞herbicide 除草剂toxin 毒素angina 心绞痛intervention 介入，干预genetics 遗传学inevitable 必然的secondary 第二的guarantee 保证chemotherapy 化疗oncology 肿瘤学longevity 长寿replicate 复制cardiovascular cognitive 认知的hostility 敌意nurture 养育hormone 激素activate 激活hospice 善终院efficacy 效能pharmacology 药理学pharmaceutical 制药的reimbursement 偿还，报销immerse oneself in 沉浸于Unit 4integrative medicine 中西医结合complementary 补足的evaluation 评价dietary 饮食的paradigm 模式，范例acupuncture 针灸message 按摩shed light on 阐明某事nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐rehabilitation 康复syndrome 综合征asthma 哮喘outpatient 门诊病人hypothesis 假设，假说subjective 主观的practitioner 从业者intrinsic 本质的quantitative 定量的holistic 整体的fall victim to 成为...的受害者prestigious 声望很高的appendicitis 阑尾炎prioritize 优先考虑optimization 最佳化skeptical 怀疑的inpatient 住院病人anesthesia 麻醉surgical 外科的receptive 善于接受的expenditure 支出competency 能力prerequisite 先决条件obesity 肥大extract 萃取物meditation 冥想derive from 源自affordable 负担得起的irritable 过敏的prevalence 流行，普遍Unit 5 alleviate 减轻vitality 生机deceit 欺骗intuitive 直觉的repress 压抑（感情）toolbox 工具箱fragile 脆弱的strive 努力奋斗manifestation 表现manifest 证明，表明undermine 破坏rage 愤怒beverage 饮料calorie 卡（路里）intake 摄取量caffeine 咖啡因miscarriage 流产prone 易于...的mortality 死亡率gallstone 胆结石calcium 钙pyramid 金字塔yogurt 酸奶vague 模糊的unify 统一poultry 家禽deficient 不足的abandon 放弃reluctant 勉强的resolution 分辨率，决议inclination 倾向dimensional 空间的，尺寸的imbalance 不平衡nutrient 营养物curb 抑制moderate 稳健的，适度的come to terms with 妥协on a daily basis 每天（指一起共事）strive to 努力be consistent with 与...一致Unit 6personalized 个性化的palliative 缓解病痛的（疗法）anemia 贫血（症）potentially 潜在地multidisciplinary 多学科的counselor 律师veteran 老兵eligible 合格的transition 过渡，转变pulmonary 肺的curative 治疗的dialysis 透析columnist 专栏作家articulate 清楚地表达anticipation 预期stubborn 顽固的stumbling 障碍的，绊脚的obstructive 阻碍的，妨碍的obstruction 障碍物，阻塞物exhale 呼（气）in vitro 在体外。

肝病常用英文【原创】一起学习肝病专业英语词汇肝硬化并发症：The complications of liver cirrhosis核苷类似物：Nucleoside analoguesNucleoside analogs乙肝肝硬化：Hepatitis B cirrhosis肾功能：renal function肾小球滤过率(GFR，glomerular filtration rate)指南：guide 亚肝会指南 APASL guide慢加急性肝衰竭：Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure长期：over a long period of time;long-term Hemochromatosis：血色沉着病Phlebotomy：放血, 静脉切开放血术Copper Chelator：铜螯合剂Penicillamine：青霉胺Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyalpha-1：抗胰蛋白酶缺陷症Ribavirin：三(氮)唑核苷,病毒唑(抗病毒药) Deferoxamine：去铁胺Pruritus：搔痒症Osteoprosis：骨质疏松症Scleroderma：硬皮病gallbladder distention 胆胀hypochondriac pain[disease] 胁痛[病] hepatic insufficiency肝衰竭hepatic lobule肝小叶hepatic tumor 肝瘤hepaptosis 肝下垂heparinization 肝素化heparinocyte 肝素细胞hepatalgia 肝痛hepatargia 肝衰竭hepatatrophia 肝萎缩hepatectomy 肝切除术hepatic amebiasis 肝阿米巴病hepatic bile 肝胆汁hepatic cell 肝细胞hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬变hepatic coma 肝性昏迷hepatic cords 肝细胞索hepatic echography 肝回波描记术hepatic failure 肝衰竭hepatic fetor 肝病性口臭hepatic insufficiency 肝衰竭hepatic lobule 肝小叶hepatic tumor 肝瘤hepatorrhea 肝液溢hepatorrhexis 肝破裂hepatoscintigram 肝闪烁图hepatoscopy 肝检查hepatosis 肝机能障碍hepatosplenography 肝脾x 线照相术hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾大hepatotherapy 肝剂疗法hepatotomy 肝切开术hepatotoxemia 肝性毒血病hepatotoxicity 肝毒性BILIRUBIN - Chemical breakdown product of hemoglobin. Measured in blood specimen by laboratory to assess function of liver.胆红素——血色素化学损坏的产物。

彩色多普勒超声文献文献 1单词Anechoic 无回声的; 无回响的Adenolymphoma 医学同义词● Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum, Papillary● Warthin TumorAdenoma n. [肿瘤] 腺瘤；腺癌；肝细胞腺瘤Asymptomatic 无症状的Biphasic 二相性的,双相性的Carcinoma 1.癌2.恶性上皮细胞瘤Capsule ①【药】胶囊;②(封瓶子的)瓶帽，瓶盖;③【植】蒴果；荚;④【化】小皿;⑤【空】密封(座)舱;Cystic 囊的,膀胱的,胆囊的Core needle biopsy 芯针活组织检查；空芯针穿刺活组织检查Enucleation 剜出术,摘出术；去核Epithelial 上皮的, 上皮细胞的Excisional biopsy 切除活检,切除活组织检查Gray-scale (B型超声波的)灰阶Heterogeneous 异形的,异质的,非均质的,杂的,异种的Homogeneous ①同类的；同族的；相似的;②均匀的，同质的，均一的；【数】齐次的; Histopathological 组织病理的Hypoechoic 低回(形、象)声的Hypercellular 细胞过多的Histological 组织学的Histopathology 组织病理学Intermediate 过渡的,居间的,间体,媒介物,半成品,中间的,中级的,中间的,媒介物Lesion 损害,损伤；引起……机能障碍Linear probe 线阵探头Lobulate 由小叶片组成的; 分成小裂片的；分叶状Lobectomy 叶切除术:切除肝、脑、肺或甲状腺的叶Lump 肿块,块Lymph n. [解剖] 淋巴，淋巴液；血清；淋巴；淋巴细胞计数Malignant 有恶意的, 恶性的, 有害的;Modality 模态,样式,方式,形式,药征,用药程式Multifocal 多病灶的,由多数病灶引起的Necrotic 坏死的, 坏疽的, 骨疽的Neoplasm 医学同义词● TumorsMH相关词● Antibodies, Neoplasm● Anticarcinogenic Agents● Antigens, Neoplasm● Antineoplastic Agents● Carcinogens● DNA, Neoplasm● Genes, Tumor Suppressor● Oncogenic V iruses● Pleural Effusion, Malignant● Precancerous Conditions● RNA, NeoplasmOncocytic 嗜酸细胞瘤的Pathognomonic 特异病征性的Palpable ①摸得出的；可触知的;②可以体会到的；显而易见的; Papillary 乳头状的,乳头的Parenchyma 实质,主质,薄壁组织,柔组织Parotid 腮腺Partial 部分的,局部的,次生的,亚的,第二级的,不完全的,偏的Parotidectomy 腮腺切除术Peripheral 周围的,外周的,末梢的Pleomorphic 多形的Preoperative 手术前的Proliferative 增生的,增殖的Ultrasonographic 超声(波)检查的Retrospectively 回顾地Salivary adj. 唾液的；分泌唾液涎的Solitary 单独的；孤独的，无伴的;Stromal 间质的,间质状的Sublingual 舌下的, 舌下腺的Submandibular 下颌骨下的,颌下的,下颌下的Supine 仰卧的,旋后的Transducer 换能器,传感器,探头,变换器Vascularity 血管供应,多血管(状态)；由脉管形成, 维管性Warthin’s tumor 腺淋巴瘤,又称为乳头状淋巴囊腺瘤；好发腮腺,是最常见的涎腺良性肿瘤之一相关短语Well-defined 界限清楚的Predominantly well-defined （主要地；大部分；多半）界限清楚的Ill-defined 边界不清的✓Lobulated 分成小叶的；分叶状✓Oval 椭圆形; 卵形的, 椭圆形的✓Irregular 不齐的,不规则的,不定期的Echogenicity 增强回声，反射回声Homogeneity 均匀性,齐性,同种,同质(性),同性；等回声Presence of cystic components 无回声，囊性回声✧Hypoechoic 低回(形、象)声的✧Isoechoic 等（中）回声✧Hyperechoic 高回声Mucoepidermal carcinoma 黏液表皮样癌Adenoid cystic carcinoma 腺样囊性癌Malignancies 恶性疾病文献 2单词Aspiration cytology 抽吸细胞学,吸(引) 细胞学,吸引术细胞学抽吸活检细胞学, 针吸活检细胞学, 针吸活组织检查细胞学Adenomatous 腺瘤的Backscatter 背散射,反(向)散射Boundary echo band 边缘反射效应Concomitantly 伴随地,并发地Calc ification 钙化,骨化Cytological 细胞学的Diffuse stroma （散布的，散播的；扩散的，弥漫的；漫射的;）间质,红细胞基质,基质,子座,肉基质Follicular carcinoma 滤泡样癌Follicular adenoma 滤泡样腺瘤Follicular 滤泡的Goiter 甲状腺肿Histological 组织学的Hypothesis 亥伯(氏)假说(关于学习过程的神经机制假说),假设,假说,前提High resolution transducers 高分辨率换能器Hematogenous metastasis （造血的; 血性的）转移,转移灶Hemodynamic 血液动力学的Hormonal 激素的，荷尔蒙Hyperdynamic 肌活动过度的,肌力过度的Intranodular hemodynamics 结节的血液动力学Intraglandular 腺内的Microcarcinoma 微癌Neoplastic thyroid lesions （新生物的,瘤的,瘤形成的）甲状腺的, 甲状软骨的损伤Neovascularization 新生血管形成,新血管形成,新血管化Papillary 乳头状的,乳头的Peripheral 周围的,外周的,末梢的Papillary carcinoma 乳头状癌Pulsative index 搏动指数阻力指数resistance indexSclerosing 致硬化的,硬化的Stroma 间质,红细胞基质,基质,子座,肉基质Trachea 气管, 导管, 螺旋纹管Transient hyperthyroidism 一过性妊娠呕吐甲亢进症Ultrasonographic 超声(波)检查的V elocity 速度,速率,迅速文献 3单词Aliasing 混淆,折叠Angiography 血管造影术Acoustic 听觉的,听的,听力的,声学的,声音的,听神经的Aliasing artifact 混淆伪像Artefact 伪像Arteriovenous fistulas 动静脉瘘Attenuation 弱化,衰减,减毒作用Acoustic shadowing 声影Apparatus 器械,装置,仪器,器官,机构Cervical 颈(脊神经)背根1,颈(脊神经)背根2等,颈的；子宫颈的;Carotid 颈动脉Calc ify 钙化Calc ified plaques 钙化斑Cerebral vascular system 大脑的血管系统Distal 远侧的,末梢的,远中的(牙),离心的,末端的Erroneous 错误的Echocardiography 超声心动图,回波心脏描记(术),超声心动描记,超声心动描记术,心回波描记术Haemodynamic criteria 血液动力(学)的标准Insonation angle artefact 受声波角度影响的伪像Internal carotid arteries(ICA) 颈内动脉Insonation 受声波影响的作用Insonated obliquely 声波斜行地照射Metallic 象金属的,金属(音)的Mirror image artefacts 镜面影像伪像Mimic 拟态的,模仿的,模仿疾病的Morphological 形态学的,生态学的Metallic clamps 金属样的磁夹，金属卡箍Misinterpretation 误解Occlusion 闭合,闭塞,阻塞,牙合,咬合,牙合(面),咬合(面)Ophthalmic artery 眼动脉Perivascular 血管周围的Pseudoulceration 电脑上无该词Phantom 假人,幻像,幻影,模型Phantom vessel 模拟状的血管、器皿Pitfall 陷阱,缺陷Plaques 斑Recess 通口,凹座,凹槽,弯缺,缺口Residual perfusion （剩余的，残留的）灌注区Spatial 隙的,间隙的,空间的,立体的Stenose 使狭窄Sonography 声像图检查,超声检查Subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉Stenotic canal 狭窄的管腔Stenotic jet flow 狭窄的血流The residual lumen （残留的）〖中文通用名〗苯巴比妥；〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/镇静药、催眠药及抗惊厥药/巴比妥类Ulceration 溃疡形成,溃疡V ascular 脉管的,血管的,维管的V essel wall recess 血管壁的充盈缺损V elocity 速度,速率,迅速充盈缺损filling defect; filling-defect文献 4单词Adjunctive附属的,辅助的Aneurysm rupture 动脉瘤破裂, 断裂;Aneurysm 动脉瘤Angiography 血管造影术Antecubital vein 肘前的静脉Aneurysm sac size 动脉瘤囊的大小，sac 囊Bolus 巨丸剂,大丸剂,团块，推注，又称“快速注射”。

精选医学专业英语词汇大全1. Anatomy (解剖学)- Abdomen: 腹部- Brain: 大脑- Heart: 心脏- Kidney: 肾脏- Liver: 肝脏- Lungs: 肺- Stomach: 胃- Spine: 脊柱2. Physiology (生理学)- Blood pressure: 血压- Digestion: 消化- Respiration: 呼吸- Circulation: 循环- Metabolism: 新陈代谢- Hormones: 激素- Nervous system: 神经系统- Immune system: 免疫系统3. Diseases and Conditions (疾病与病况) - Diabetes: 糖尿病- Cancer: 癌症- Asthma: 哮喘- Hypertension: 高血压- Arthritis: 关节炎- Depression: 抑郁症- Obesity: 肥胖症- Pneumonia: 肺炎4. Medical Procedures (医疗程序)- Surgery: 手术- X-ray: X射线- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): 磁共振成像- Blood test: 血液检查- Vaccination: 疫苗接种- Dialysis: 透析- Chemotherapy: 化疗5. Medical Specialties (医学专科) - Cardiology: 心脏病学- Dermatology: 皮肤科- Gastroenterology: 胃肠病学- Neurology: 神经学- Psychiatry: 精神病学- Obstetrics and Gynecology: 妇产科- Orthopedics: 骨科- Pediatrics: 儿科6. Medical Instruments (医疗器械) - Stethoscope: 听诊器- Thermometer: 温度计- Sphygmomanometer: 血压计- Scalpel: 解剖刀- Syringe: 注射器- Electrocardiograph: 心电图仪- Ultrasound machine: 超声波机- Endoscope: 内窥镜以上是一份精选医学专业英语词汇大全，涵盖了解剖学、生理学、疾病与病况、医疗程序、医学专科和医疗器械等方面的词汇。

肝胆外科文献常用英语单词（二）肝胆外科文献常用英语单词Randomized Controlled Trials 随机对照试验enterocinesia 肠动,肠蠕动Ligation 结扎术luminal obstruction 官腔阻塞screening 普检,筛查,筛选predisposing factor 易感因素enhanced susceptibility 增强易感性hyperbaric oxygen treatment 高压氧治疗asymptomatic 无症状的indolent 无痛的Intractable Pain 顽固性疼痛visceral 内脏的steatosis 脂肪变性latency 潜伏期side effects 副作用decompensation 失代偿anoxia 缺养症anoxic 缺氧的anoxemia. 缺氧血症;血缺氧ischemia 局部缺血,缺血Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 缺血再灌注损伤ischemic change 缺血性改变anemia 贫血pyogenic 化脓的purulent 化脓性,脓性的hepatomegaly 肝肿大umbilical fissure 裂脐cytokine 细胞因子neuropeptide 神经肽neurotransmitter 神经递质fluorescence in situ hybridization 荧光原位杂交necrosis 坏死necrocytosis 细胞坏死apoptosis 凋亡apoptotic 细胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction 纤维成形性反应oncogene 癌基因Suppressor Genes 抑制基因genetic 遗传的epigenetic change 基因外改变hypermethylation 超甲基化sequential occurrence 顺序发生stepwise 分步的,分段的,逐步的mesenchymal 间质morphology 形态atypia 非典型,异型性Phenotype 表型dehydration 脱水paraffin 石蜡impregnation 浸渍,受精,受孕embedding 包埋,埋植serial section 连续切片anesthesia 麻醉anesthesiology 麻醉学anesthetist 麻醉师palpation 触诊orifice 管口,口,小孔one orifice 一个管口intubate 插管pancreatic secretion 胰腋centrifuge 离心,,离心机cannulation 管子reactive oxygen species 活性氧recanalization 再通，再穿通Celiac Plexus 腹腔丛arteriolar 微动脉的,小动脉的Collateral Circulation 侧支循环intima 内膜subintimal 内膜下的mitochondria 线粒体multifocal 多病灶的endemic 地方性的amenable 适合的more specifically 更具体地说mainstay 主要依据kink 扭折,纽结lethal 致命的peculiarity 特性armamentarium 医疗设备,设备demarcate 划界线,分开,区别paucity 资料贫乏migration 移位interim report 中期报告nihilistic 虚无主义的enigmatic 难理解的，神秘的occult 隐匿的，潜隐的autopsy 尸检detritus 腐屑,腐质,碎屑antegrade 顺行的retrograde逆行的endogenous 内源的,内生的exogenous 外源的,外生的intracorporeal 体内的extracorporeal 体外的autocrine 自分泌paracrine 旁分泌xenogenic 异体的,异种的cryptogenic 隐原性的,原因不明的insidiously 隐袭地congenital 先天的,天生的hereditary 遗传的,遗传性的pitfall 缺陷Biliary anomalies 胆道畸形cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石cholecystitis 胆囊炎choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石total bilirubin总胆红素unconjugated bilirubin 游离胆红素conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红素bile plug 胆栓sinusoid 血窦，窦状隙sinusoidal 血窦的窦状隙的transjugular 经颈静脉的portosystemic shunt 门体分流术hepatic coma 肝昏迷hyperammonaemia 高氨血症hypoalbuminemia 低白蛋白血症neuropsychiatric 神经精神性的confusion 意识错乱,意识模糊disorientation 定向障碍astrocyte 星形胶质细胞inflammatory mediator 炎症介质neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 嗜中性粒细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞phagocyte 吞噬细胞phagocytosis 吞噬作用mitogen 促细胞分裂原,有丝分裂原reticuloendothelial system 网状内皮系统Synthase 合酶dysregulation 调节异常,失调chromosome 染色体nuclear atypia 核异型nucleotide 核苷酸mitochondria 线粒体mitochondrial 线粒体的microsome 微粒体microsomal 微粒体的detoxify 去毒, 解毒，戒烟毒detoxification 解毒(作用),脱毒,戒毒治疗carcinogen 致癌物mutagen 诱变剂,致突变原carbohydrate antigen 糖类抗原标志物,糖链抗原glycoprotein 糖蛋白extirpation 摘除malignant transformation 恶变,恶性转化forceps biopsy 钳夹活检,钳夹活检术transpapillary 经十二指肠乳头stenosis 狭窄stenotic 狭窄的patency rate 通畅率vasculature 脉管系统diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管内凝血(DIC) coagulant and fibrinolytic systems 凝血和纤溶系统circulatory disturbance 循环紊乱Vascular Permeability 血管通透性vasodilatation 血管扩张vasopressor 血管升压类药物vasopressin 加压素endothelin 内皮缩血管肽prostaglandin 前列腺素Saphenous Veins 隐静脉renin 肾素angiotensin 血管紧张素aldosterone 醛固酮oestrogen (estrin) 雌激素progestogen (progestin) 孕激素androgen (androtin) 雄激素testosterone 睾酮acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死oedema 水肿oliguria 少尿症diuretic(a) 利尿剂haemofiltration 血液滤过dialyse 透析dialysate (Dialysis Solutions) 透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS) diaphragm 横隔dyspnea 呼吸困难pulmonary oedema 肺水肿ventilatory dysfunction 通气功能障碍Total Parenteral Nutrition 全胃肠外营养enteral nutrition 肠道营养malabsorption 吸收不良venoplasty 血管成形术hematoma 血肿perforation 穿孔paracentesis 穿刺,穿刺术granulomatous inflammation 肉芽肿性炎症Bacterial Translocation 细菌移位the administration of antibiotics 抗生素的应用prophylactic antibiotics 预防性抗生素synbiotic therapy 合生元治疗free radical 自由基lactate 乳酸盐malaise 不适感,全身乏力episode 发作idiopathic 特发性的,自发性的tracer 示踪剂relaparotomy 再手术mild to moderate 轻度到中度multifactorial 多因子的,多因素的iohexol 碘海醇procaine 普鲁卡因lidocaine 利多卡因analgesia 镇痛dehiscence 裂开cryopreserved 冷藏保存的discriminant analysis 判别分析cadaveric 尸体的subjects 受试者obliteration 涂去,抹消,删除milieu 环境,境界potent 有力的,有效的schematic diagram 示意图,原理图misidentification 错误认同,错认algorithm 公式,算法,推导strong echo 强回声acoustic shadow 声影hyperecho(ic) 高回声（的）isoecho(ic) 等回声（的）hypoecho(ic) 低回声（的）anecho(ic) 无回声（的）aseptic technique 无菌术asepsis 灭菌antisepsis 消毒emergency operation 急诊手术confine operation 限期手术selective operation 择期手术evidence-based medicine 循证医学polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应inquiry 问诊chief complaints 主诉history collection 病史采集history of present illness 现病史past history 既往史personal history 个人史marital history 婚姻史menstrual history 月经史child bearing history 生育史family history 家族史physical examination 体格检查inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 叩诊auscultation 听诊abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal distension 腹胀diarrhea 腹泻constipation 便秘nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐stool 大便urine 小便aspiration 误吸asphyxia (apnea) 窒息atelectasis 肺不张arrhythmia 心律失常cardiac arrest 心脏骤停ventricular fibrillation 心室纤颤hyperthermia 高热hypothermia 低温Natrium (sodium) 钠Kalium (potassium) 钾Chlorine 氯Calcium 钙Magnesium 镁Phosphorus 磷ion 离子homoeostasis 体内平衡derangement 紊乱isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水water intoxication 水中毒hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒hematocrit (Hct) 血细胞比容autologous blood transfusion 自体输血salvaged autotransfusion 回收式自体输血predeposited autotransfusion 预存式自体输血hemodiluted autotransfusion 稀释式自体输血cryoprecipitate 冷沉淀furuncle 疖furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎erysipelas 丹毒abscess 脓肿dermoid cancer 皮肤癌melanotic 黑痣melanoma 黑色素瘤lipoma 脂肪瘤neurinoma 神经鞘瘤neurofibroma 神经纤维瘤capillary hemangioma 毛细血管瘤angiocavernoma 海绵状血管瘤racemosum hemangioma 蔓状血管瘤sebum cyst 皮脂腺囊肿tetanus 破伤风gangrene 坏疽superinfection 二重感染septicemia 败血症debridement 清创术simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿hyperthyroidism 甲亢hypothyroidism 甲减mastitis 乳腺炎mastopathy 乳腺病，乳腺增生症mastectomy 乳房切除术teratoma 畸胎瘤inguinal hernia 腹股沟疝femoral hernia 股疝incisional hernia 切口疝umbilial hernia 脐疝hernia of linea alba 白线疝interloop abscess 肠间脓肿helicobacter pylory (HP) 幽门螺杆菌pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻vagotomy 迷走神经切断术lymphoma 淋巴瘤duodenal diverticulum 十二指肠憩室intussusception 肠套叠polyps 息肉ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂anorectal abscess 直肠肛管周围脓肿anal fistula 肛瘘anal fissure 肛裂haemorrhoids 痔internal haemorrhoids 内痔external haemorrhoids 外痔mixed haemorrhoids 混合痔annulus haemorrhoids 环形痔proctocolectomy 直肠与结肠切除术major operation 大手术omentum 网膜pancreaticobiliary 胰胆管的Bile canaliculus 胆小管mediastinum 纵隔quadrate lobe 方叶organic 有机的,器官的interferon 干扰素glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率Fulminant Liver Failure 暴发性肝衰竭Nephrotic Syndrome 肾病综合征enteropathy 肠病,肠病变Esophageal cancer 食管癌gastroesophageal varices 胃食管静脉曲张Supine Position 仰卧位informed consent 知情同意sequelae 后遗症,转归demarcate 划界线,分开,区别postprandial 食后的to date 迄今为止regarding 关于serologic 血清学的Serology 血清学hepaplastin test 肝促凝血活酶试验urea 尿素heme 血红素anionic 阴离子的。

各大科室专业手术术语表普外General Sugery阑尾切除术appendectomy (appendicectomy)胆囊切除术cholecystectmy胆囊造口术cholecystostomy脓肿引流drainage of the abscess肠造口术enterostomy开腹探查术exploratory laparotomy胃切除术gastrectomy胃十二指肠吻合术gastroduodenostomy痔切除术hemorrhoidectomy肝管切开术hepaticotomy肝切除术hepatectomy疝修补术herniorrhaphy低位食管静脉结扎ligation of lower oesophageal veins 胰切除术pancreatectomy门腔静脉吻合术portal vena cava anastomosis幽门成形术pyloroplasty乳房切除术mastectomy脾切除术splenectomy甲状腺切除术thyroidectomy甲状腺叶切除术thyroid lobectomy迷走神经切断术vagotomy骨科Orthopedics截肢amputation关节固定术arthrodesis骨瘤刮除术curettage if bone tumor骨瘤切除术excision of bone tumor外固定external fixation筋膜切开术fasciotomy自由皮瓣移植free skin graft内固定internal fixation石膏管形plaster cast石膏夹板固定plaster splintage人工关节置换术prosthetic replacement for joint 骨折复位reduction of fracture关节脱位复位reduction of joint dislocation韧带修补repair if ligament断指再植replantation if digit骨牵引skeletal traction腱缝合术tenorrhaphy胸外科Thoracic Surgery主动脉冠状动脉分流aortocoronary bypass胸腔闭式引流closed drainage of pleural cavity法洛完全修复术complete intracardiac repair of Fallot' s Tetralogy. essay writing www.lxws.n et主动脉瓣狭窄扩张术dilation of aortic valular stenosis 开胸探查exploratory thoracotomy心脏移植heart transplantation心脏瓣膜置换术heart valve replacement动脉导管未闭结扎术ligation of patent ductus arteriosis 肺叶切除lobectomy of lungs肺肿瘤局部切除术local excision of tumor of lungs食管部分切除、重建parial esophagectomy and reconstru ction of esophagus房间隔缺损修补术repair of auricular septal defect 室间隔缺损修补术repair if ventricular septal defect 瓣膜闭锁不全的修补repair if valvular insufficiency心包切除术pericardiectomy心包切开术peicardiotomy肺动脉栓子切除术pulmonary embolectomy动脉瘤切除术resection of arterial aneurysm 泌尿科Urology膀胱成形术cystoplasty膀胱造口术cystostomy肾切除术nephrectomy肾造口术nephrostomy肾石切除术nephrolithotomy睾丸切除术orchiectomy前列腺切除术prostatectomy肾活检renal biopsy肾移植renal transplantation输尿管结石切除urethra-lithotomy尿道成形术urethroplasty输精管结扎术vasoligation神经外科Neurosurgery减压术decompression脑瘤切除术excision of brain tumor开颅探查术exploratory craniotomy脑叶切除术lobectomy颅内血肿清除术removed of intracranial hematoma 硬脑膜缺损修补术repair of dura defect牙科Dentistry镶牙dental prosthetics牙填充filling牙矫正术orthodontic treatment牙周治疗periodontal treatment拔牙tooth extraction妇产科Gynecology & Obstetrics羊膜穿刺术amniocentesis子宫颈切除术cervicectomy剖宫产术剖腹产cesarean section后穹隆穿刺术culdocentesis宫颈扩张术dilatation of the cervix巴氏腺囊肿切除术excision of Bartholin cyst子宫切除术hysterectomy引产术induction of labor助产术ovarian cystectomy卵巢切除术oophorectomy输卵管切除术salpingectomy绝育术sterilization刮宫术uterine curetlage 外阴切除术vulvectomy五官科Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngo logy白内障吸出术aspiration of cataract鼻骨闭合复位closed reduction of nasal bone角膜移植corneal grafting眼球摘除术enucleation of eyeball鼻甲切除术excision of turbinates眼内异物摘除extraction of intra-ocular foreign body 喉切除术和喉造口术laryngectomy and laryngostomy晶体摘除lens extraction乳突切开术mastoidectomy鼓膜切开术myringotomy鼓膜成形术myringoplasty鼻息肉切除术nasal polypectomy鼻中隔成形术septoplasty鼻窦切开术sinusotomy鼻中隔粘膜下切除术submuscous resection of nasal septu m扁桃体切除术tonsillectomy 鼓室成形术tympanoplasty。

肝胆外科英语词汇Hepatobiliary Surgery VocabularyHepatobiliary surgery is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on the surgical treatment of diseases and conditions related to the liver, biliary system, and pancreas. As a healthcare professional in this field, it is essential to have a strong command of the English language and a comprehensive understanding of the relevant medical terminology. This is particularly important for effective communication with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare providers.One of the key components of hepatobiliary surgery is the liver. The liver is a vital organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, the production of bile, and the detoxification of harmful substances. It is also involved in the regulation of blood clotting and the immune system.Some common liver-related conditions that may require surgical intervention include liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. In the case of liver cancer, the surgeon may performa partial hepatectomy, which involves the removal of a portion of the liver. This procedure is often used to treat primary liver cancer or metastatic cancer that has spread to the liver from other parts of the body.Another important aspect of hepatobiliary surgery is the biliary system, which consists of the gallbladder and the bile ducts. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats. Gallstones, which are hardened deposits of bile, are a common condition that may require surgical treatment, such as a cholecystectomy, the removal of the gallbladder.The bile ducts are the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Conditions affecting the bile ducts, such as bile duct stones, bile duct strictures, or bile duct cancer, may require surgical procedures like a bile duct exploration or a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, which involves the creation of a new connection between the bile duct and the small intestine.The pancreas is another organ that is closely associated with hepatobiliary surgery. The pancreas is responsible for the production of enzymes and hormones that are essential for the digestion and regulation of blood sugar levels. Pancreatic conditions that may require surgical intervention include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer,and pancreatic cysts.In the context of hepatobiliary surgery, it is essential for healthcare professionals to be familiar with a wide range of medical terminology related to the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of these organs. This includes terms such as "hepatocyte," "cholangiocyte," "canaliculus," "ductus choledochus," "ampulla of Vater," and "pancreatic duct," among others.Additionally, healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable about the various surgical procedures and techniques used in hepatobiliary surgery, such as "laparotomy," "cholecystectomy," "choledocholithotomy," "Whipple procedure," and "liver transplantation." Understanding the indications, contraindications, and potential complications associated with these procedures is crucial for effective patient care and management.In conclusion, the field of hepatobiliary surgery requires a deep understanding of the relevant medical terminology and a strong command of the English language. By mastering this specialized vocabulary, healthcare professionals can improve their ability to communicate effectively with patients, colleagues, and other members of the healthcare team, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and improved quality of care.。

文献生词malignancy 恶性,恶性肿瘤hepatectomy 肝切除术bilirubin 胆红素bilirubinemia 胆红素血症Hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症Indocyanine green 吲哚花青绿indocyanine green retention 靛青绿滞留量试验hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全,肝功能衰退jaundice 黄疸retrospective review 回顾性调查intraoperative 手术中的,术中parameters 参数Logistic Regression Logistic回归prognosis 预后prognostic 预后的hilar 门的,脐的cholangiocarcinoma 胆管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 肝内胆管癌anatomic 解剖的,解剖学的hepatic hilus 肝门perioperative 围手术期的indication 适应证,指征curative 治愈的resection 切除术likelihood 可能性liver function 肝功能metastasis 转移hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞癌unexpected 意外的,忽然的cholestasis 胆汁淤积biliary drainage 胆汁引流extended hemihepatectomy 扩大半肝切除术Trisegmentectomy 三段切除Chronic viral hepatitis 慢性病毒性肝炎cirrhosis 肝硬化serum 免疫血清,血清on admission 入院时,住医院时percutaneous 经皮的transhepatic 经肝的endoscopic biliary drainage 内镜胆管引流,内镜胆管引流术,endoscopic 内窥镜的;内窥镜检查的drainage tube 引流管,排液管portal vein 门(静)脉embolization 栓塞,栓塞术,栓子形成peritoneal 腹膜的dissemination 播散,散布laparotomy 剖腹手术distant metastasis 远端转移Surgical Procedures 外科手术anastomosis 吻合术enteric 肠的in terms of 以…的观点;以…的方式hemorrhage 出血hemorrhagic 出血性的hemolysis 溶血hemolytic 溶血的hematology 血液学hematological 血液的hemodynamics 血流动力学coagulation status 高凝状态prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间activated partial thromboplastin time 激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间antithrombin 抗凝血酶thrombolytic 溶血栓药,血栓溶解剂duration 持续时间;期间nonlinear least squares method 非线性最小平方法natural logarithm 自然对数categorize 分类galactose tolerance test 半乳糖耐量试验half life 半衰期computed tomography scan 计算机体层摄影扫描,CT扫描contrast medium 对比剂,造影剂bolus 推注integrated software 集成软件variables 变量continuous variable 连续变量categorical variable 分类变量univariate 单变量multivariate 多变量univariate analysis 单变量分析multivariate analysis 多元分析,多元统计分析stepwise procedure 逐步过程chi square test χ2检验,卡方检验,cutoff value 截断值Odds Ratio 比值比Mann Whitney test 曼-怀二氏检验tailed 有…尾的receiver operating characteristic curve 接受者（机）操作特征曲线morbidity and mortality 并发症和死亡率decompression 减压in regard to 关于,至于living related liver transplantation 活体亲属供肝肝移植术parenchyma 实质liver parenchyma 肝实质excretory 排泄的,分泌的parenchymal 质的,主质的shrinkage 皱缩,皱缩度biotransformation 生物转化adenosine triphosphate 三磷腺苷ammonia 氨Aspartate Aminotransferase 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶Alanine Aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶Lactate Dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶glutamyl 谷氨酰基Inferior Vena Cava 下腔静脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉Paraaortic 主动脉旁的celiac axis 腹腔干common hepatic artery 肝总动脉proper hepatic artery 肝固有动脉superior mesenteric Artery 肠系膜上动脉Hepatic artery thrombosis 肝动脉血栓形成pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤portacaval shunt 门(静脉与)腔静脉分流术arterialization 动脉化angiography 血管造影术occlusion 闭塞梗塞occluded 闭塞的collateral 侧的,侧支,副的confluence 合流,汇流autologous vein graft 自体静脉移植物porta hepatis 肝门Portal lymph node 肝门淋巴结second order biliary radicles 二级胆管根lobar atrophy 肝叶萎缩caudate lobe 尾状叶falciform ligament 肝镰状韧带periampullary 壶腹周围的Retroduodenal 十二指肠后的jejunum (jejunal) 空肠（的）ileum (ileal) 回肠（的）colon(colonic) 结肠（的）rectum (rectal) 直肠（的）anal canal 肛管oncology 肿瘤学oncological 肿瘤学的neoplasm 肿瘤，新生物neoplastic 肿瘤的，新生物的neoplastic seeding 肿瘤播种papillary tumor 乳头瘤adenocarcinoma 腺癌cystadenoma 囊腺瘤testis 睾丸gastrinoma 胃泌素瘤squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌carcinoid tumors 类癌sarcoma 肉瘤focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 局灶性结节性增生parenchymal disease 器质性疾病advanced cancer 晚期癌症well differentiated 分化良好nodule 结节nodal metastases 淋巴结转移therapeutic effect 疗效neoadjuvant chemotherapy 新辅助化疗radiofrequency ablation 射频消蚀arterial chemoembolization 动脉化疗性栓塞infiltrating 浸润macroscopically 肉眼[检查]的;目视的carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原indication 适应症指征contraindication 禁忌证preoperative workup 术前全面评估postoperative morbidity rate 术后并发症发生率operative approach 手术入路radical operation 根治术,根治性手术en bloc 整个地,整块地inoperable 不能手术的,不能做手术的palliative 姑息的diagnostic laparoscopy 诊断性腹腔镜检查non-therapeutic laparotomy 非治疗性剖腹探查术invasive techniques 微创技术procedural complications 手术并发症pancreaticoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Adrenalectomy 肾上腺切除术thrombectomy 血栓摘除术lymphadenectomy 淋巴结切除术Lymph Node Dissection 淋巴结清扫术lymph node harvest 淋巴结清扫end to side anastomosis 端侧吻合术hepaticojejunostomy 肝空肠吻合术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术Caudate lobectomy 尾状叶切除术radiopharmaceutical agent 放射性药剂iodized oil 碘化油absolute ethanol 无水乙醇scintigraphy 闪烁扫描术helical 螺旋的,螺旋状,螺旋状的cross sectional imaging 横断层面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)内镜下逆行胆胰管造影magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)磁共振胰胆管成像intraoperative ultrasonography 术中超声检查法contrast enhanced computed tomography对比增强扫描CT positron emission tomography PET正电子发射断层扫描cholangiogram 胆管造影Recurrence 复发follow up 随访concomitant 伴发的,附随的comorbidities 并存病bleeding 出血,流血extravasation 外渗,溢出hemobilia 胆道出血biliary fistula 胆瘘pleural effusion 胸腔积液lung edema 肺水肿splenomegaly 脾肿大hypersplenism 脾功能亢进hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病ascites 腹水subphrenic abscess 膈下脓肿endotoxaemia 内毒素血症myocardial infarction 心肌梗死pyrexial 发热的hypothermic 低体温的Biliary Stricture 胆管狭窄steatohepatitis 脂肪性肝炎fatty liver 脂肪肝adipose tissue 脂肪组织primary sclerosing cholangitis 原发性硬化性胆管炎angina 心绞痛sepsis 败血症,脓毒症perfusion 灌注ex vivo 离体,在活体外in situ 原位right upper quadrant 右上象限proximal part 近心端perineural 神经周围的bifurcation 二根分叉部,分岔ipsilateral 身体的同侧的,同侧的Institutional Review Board 机构审查委员会Ethics Committees 伦理学委员会predispose to 易患，使易感染、诱发platelet 血小板hyperalimentation 高营养支持cirrhotic 硬变的morbidity 并发症，发病率medications 用药dislodge 移去,逐出,取出gonadal 性腺的,生殖腺的Histologic 组织学的frozen section 冰冻切片atrophy 萎缩hypertrophy 肥大,过度生长proliferation 增生,增殖hyperplasia 增生;数量性肥大Stem cells 干细胞bone marrow derived 骨髓衍生的epithelium 上皮,上皮细胞encased 包裹reconstruction 重建,再造,重构inflammatory 炎症性的broad spectrum antibiotics 广谱抗菌素blood culture 血培养Gram Negative bacillus 革兰阴性[芽胞]杆菌cut surface 切面stent 支架catheter 导管direct cannulation 直接插管spectrophotometer 分光光度计rupture 破裂,vt.(使)破裂somatostatin 生长抑素Extracellular Matrix 细胞外基质cohort 同期组群Length of Stay 住院时间after discharge 出院后stratified 分层的,成层的clear cut 明确的In this regard 在这方面come at a cost 是有代价的progressively 进行性地,渐进地rationale 原理,基础理论homogeneous 同类的同质的heterogeneous 异类的,不同的putative 假定的omnipotent 全能的,无所不能的as controls 作为对照preconditioned 预处理preconditioning 预处理prospectively 前瞻性prospective randomized date 前瞻性随机数据Disease-Specific survival 疾病特异性生存率irreversible 不可逆的references 参考Cochrane 循证医学cholangiopancreatography 胰胆管造影术resolution 分辨率（决心，决议解决）herein 如此,鉴于，在此处iatrogenic 医源性palliation 缓和,减轻running suture 连续缝合orthotopic liver transplantation 原位肝移植chemoradiation 放化疗preneoplastic change 癌前变化carcinogenesis 致癌作用dysplasia 发育不良,不典型增生endoprosthesis 内镜置管术pruritus 瘙痒pruritis 瘙痒症Etiology (aetiology) 病原学etiologic 病原学的epidemiology 流行病学epidemiological 流行病学的pathophysiology 病理生理学lesion 病变Radionuclide 放射性核素nitrosamine 亚硝胺类pathogenesis 发病机制carcinoid 类癌Mucinous Adenocarcinoma 粘液腺癌Clear cell adenocarcinoma 透明细胞腺癌Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma 印戒细胞腺癌Adenosquamous Carcinoma 腺鳞状癌Squamous Cell Carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌Oat Cell Carcinoma 燕麦细胞癌Undifferentiated Carcinoma 未分化癌Papillomatosis 乳头状瘤病Papillary Carcinoma 乳头状癌hepatoblastoma 肝母细胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma 血管内皮瘤neuroendocrine tumour 神经内分泌瘤Leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤malignant fibrous histiocytoma 恶化纤维组织细胞瘤nodular tumors 结节性肿瘤cachexia 恶液质sterilize 灭菌,消毒surgical radicality 手术的根治性angiogenetic 血管生成angiogenic 血管源性的，生成血管的antiangiogenic 抗血管生成的chemosensitization 化疗增敏photosensitizer 感光剂,光敏剂irradiation 放射，照射conformational radiotherapy 适形放射治疗brachytherapy 短距离放射治疗stereotactic 立体定位的,立体定向的interventional radiology 介入放射学oxaliplatin 奥沙利铂doxorubicin 多柔比星gemcitabine 吉西他滨immunosuppressant 免疫抑制剂Portography 门静脉造影术contrast agent 对比剂,造影剂lipiodol 碘油Iodophor 碘伏cystic duct 胆囊管choledochal duct 胆总管choledochal cysts 胆总管囊肿Choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石hepatolithiasis 肝内胆管结石病oriental cholangiohepatitis 东方人胆管肝炎Biliary malformation 胆管畸形Liver fluke 肝吸虫protocol 治疗方案therapeutic regimen 治疗方案Palliative Treatment 姑息治疗Signs and Symptoms 体征和症状plethora 多血症,多血质Differential Diagnosis 鉴别诊断Randomized Controlled Trials 随机对照试验enterocinesia 肠动,肠蠕动Ligation 结扎术luminal obstruction 官腔阻塞screening 普检,筛查,筛选predisposing factor 易感因素enhanced susceptibility 增强易感性hyperbaric oxygen treatment 高压氧治疗asymptomatic 无症状的indolent 无痛的Intractable Pain 顽固性疼痛visceral 内脏的steatosis 脂肪变性latency 潜伏期side effects 副作用decompensation 失代偿anoxia 缺养症anoxic 缺氧的anoxemia. 缺氧血症;血缺氧ischemia 局部缺血,缺血Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 缺血再灌注损伤ischemic change 缺血性改变anemia 贫血pyogenic 化脓的purulent 化脓性,脓性的hepatomegaly 肝肿大umbilical fissure 裂脐cytokine 细胞因子neuropeptide 神经肽neurotransmitter 神经递质fluorescence in situ hybridization 荧光原位杂交necrosis 坏死necrocytosis 细胞坏死apoptosis 凋亡apoptotic 细胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction 纤维成形性反应oncogene 癌基因Suppressor Genes 抑制基因genetic 遗传的epigenetic change 基因外改变hypermethylation 超甲基化sequential occurrence 顺序发生stepwise 分步的,分段的,逐步的mesenchymal 间质morphology 形态atypia 非典型,异型性Phenotype 表型dehydration 脱水paraffin 石蜡impregnation 浸渍,受精,受孕embedding 包埋,埋植serial section 连续切片anesthesia 麻醉anesthesiology 麻醉学anesthetist 麻醉师palpation 触诊orifice 管口,口,小孔one orifice 一个管口intubate 插管pancreatic secretion 胰腋centrifuge 离心,,离心机cannulation 管子reactive oxygen species 活性氧recanalization 再通，再穿通Celiac Plexus 腹腔丛arteriolar 微动脉的,小动脉的Collateral Circulation 侧支循环intima 内膜subintimal 内膜下的mitochondria 线粒体multifocal 多病灶的endemic 地方性的amenable 适合的more specifically 更具体地说mainstay 主要依据kink 扭折,纽结lethal 致命的peculiarity 特性armamentarium 医疗设备,设备demarcate 划界线,分开,区别paucity 资料贫乏migration 移位interim report 中期报告nihilistic 虚无主义的enigmatic 难理解的，神秘的occult 隐匿的，潜隐的autopsy 尸检detritus 腐屑,腐质,碎屑antegrade 顺行的retrograde逆行的endogenous 内源的,内生的exogenous 外源的,外生的intracorporeal 体内的extracorporeal 体外的autocrine 自分泌paracrine 旁分泌xenogenic 异体的,异种的cryptogenic 隐原性的,原因不明的insidiously 隐袭地congenital 先天的,天生的hereditary 遗传的,遗传性的pitfall 缺陷Biliary anomalies 胆道畸形cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石cholecystitis 胆囊炎choledocholithiasis 胆总管结石total bilirubin总胆红素unconjugated bilirubin 游离胆红素conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红素bile plug 胆栓sinusoid 血窦，窦状隙sinusoidal 血窦的窦状隙的transjugular 经颈静脉的portosystemic shunt 门体分流术hepatic coma 肝昏迷hyperammonaemia 高氨血症hypoalbuminemia 低白蛋白血症neuropsychiatric 神经精神性的confusion 意识错乱,意识模糊disorientation 定向障碍astrocyte 星形胶质细胞inflammatory mediator 炎症介质neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 嗜中性粒细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞phagocyte 吞噬细胞phagocytosis 吞噬作用mitogen 促细胞分裂原,有丝分裂原reticuloendothelial system 网状内皮系统Synthase 合酶dysregulation 调节异常,失调chromosome 染色体nuclear atypia 核异型nucleotide 核苷酸mitochondria 线粒体mitochondrial 线粒体的microsome 微粒体microsomal 微粒体的detoxify 去毒, 解毒，戒烟毒detoxification 解毒(作用),脱毒,戒毒治疗carcinogen 致癌物mutagen 诱变剂,致突变原carbohydrate antigen 糖类抗原标志物,糖链抗原glycoprotein 糖蛋白extirpation 摘除malignant transformation 恶变,恶性转化forceps biopsy 钳夹活检,钳夹活检术transpapillary 经十二指肠乳头stenosis 狭窄stenotic 狭窄的patency rate 通畅率vasculature 脉管系统diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) coagulant and fibrinolytic systems 凝血和纤溶系统circulatory disturbance 循环紊乱Vascular Permeability 血管通透性vasodilatation 血管扩张vasopressor 血管升压类药物vasopressin 加压素endothelin 内皮缩血管肽prostaglandin 前列腺素Saphenous Veins 隐静脉renin 肾素angiotensin 血管紧张素aldosterone 醛固酮oestrogen (estrin) 雌激素progestogen (progestin) 孕激素androgen (androtin) 雄激素testosterone 睾酮acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死oedema 水肿oliguria 少尿症diuretic(a) 利尿剂haemofiltration 血液滤过dialyse 透析dialysate (Dialysis Solutions) 透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)diaphragm 横隔dyspnea 呼吸困难pulmonary oedema 肺水肿ventilatory dysfunction 通气功能障碍Total Parenteral Nutrition 全胃肠外营养enteral nutrition 肠道营养malabsorption 吸收不良venoplasty 血管成形术hematoma 血肿perforation 穿孔paracentesis 穿刺,穿刺术granulomatous inflammation 肉芽肿性炎症Bacterial Translocation 细菌移位the administration of antibiotics 抗生素的应用prophylactic antibiotics 预防性抗生素synbiotic therapy 合生元治疗free radical 自由基lactate 乳酸盐malaise 不适感,全身乏力episode 发作idiopathic 特发性的,自发性的tracer 示踪剂relaparotomy 再手术mild to moderate 轻度到中度multifactorial 多因子的,多因素的iohexol 碘海醇procaine 普鲁卡因lidocaine 利多卡因analgesia 镇痛dehiscence 裂开cryopreserved 冷藏保存的discriminant analysis 判别分析cadaveric 尸体的subjects 受试者obliteration 涂去,抹消,删除milieu 环境,境界potent 有力的,有效的schematic diagram 示意图,原理图misidentification 错误认同,错认algorithm 公式,算法,推导strong echo 强回声acoustic shadow 声影hyperecho(ic) 高回声（的）isoecho(ic) 等回声（的）hypoecho(ic) 低回声（的）anecho(ic) 无回声（的）aseptic technique 无菌术asepsis 灭菌antisepsis 消毒emergency operation 急诊手术confine operation 限期手术selective operation 择期手术evidence-based medicine 循证医学polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应inquiry 问诊chief complaints 主诉history collection 病史采集history of present illness 现病史past history 既往史personal history 个人史marital history 婚姻史menstrual history 月经史child bearing history 生育史family history 家族史physical examination 体格检查inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 叩诊auscultation 听诊abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal distension 腹胀diarrhea 腹泻constipation 便秘nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐stool 大便urine 小便aspiration 误吸asphyxia (apnea) 窒息atelectasis 肺不张arrhythmia 心律失常cardiac arrest 心脏骤停ventricular fibrillation 心室纤颤hyperthermia 高热hypothermia 低温Natrium (sodium) 钠Kalium (potassium) 钾Chlorine 氯Calcium 钙Magnesium 镁Phosphorus 磷ion 离子homoeostasis 体内平衡derangement 紊乱isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水water intoxication 水中毒hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒hematocrit (Hct) 血细胞比容autologous blood transfusion 自体输血salvaged autotransfusion 回收式自体输血predeposited autotransfusion 预存式自体输血hemodiluted autotransfusion 稀释式自体输血cryoprecipitate 冷沉淀furuncle 疖furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎erysipelas 丹毒abscess 脓肿dermoid cancer 皮肤癌melanotic 黑痣melanoma 黑色素瘤lipoma 脂肪瘤neurinoma 神经鞘瘤neurofibroma 神经纤维瘤capillary hemangioma 毛细血管瘤angiocavernoma 海绵状血管瘤racemosum hemangioma 蔓状血管瘤sebum cyst 皮脂腺囊肿tetanus 破伤风gangrene 坏疽superinfection 二重感染septicemia 败血症debridement 清创术simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿hyperthyroidism 甲亢hypothyroidism 甲减mastitis 乳腺炎mastopathy 乳腺病，乳腺增生症mastectomy 乳房切除术teratoma 畸胎瘤inguinal hernia 腹股沟疝femoral hernia 股疝incisional hernia 切口疝umbilial hernia 脐疝hernia of linea alba 白线疝interloop abscess 肠间脓肿helicobacter pylory (HP) 幽门螺杆菌pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻vagotomy 迷走神经切断术lymphoma 淋巴瘤duodenal diverticulum 十二指肠憩室intussusception 肠套叠polyps 息肉ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂anorectal abscess 直肠肛管周围脓肿anal fistula 肛瘘anal fissure 肛裂haemorrhoids 痔internal haemorrhoids 内痔external haemorrhoids 外痔mixed haemorrhoids 混合痔annulus haemorrhoids 环形痔proctocolectomy 直肠与结肠切除术major operation 大手术omentum 网膜pancreaticobiliary 胰胆管的Bile canaliculus 胆小管mediastinum 纵隔quadrate lobe 方叶organic 有机的,器官的interferon 干扰素glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率Fulminant Liver Failure 暴发性肝衰竭Nephrotic Syndrome 肾病综合征enteropathy 肠病,肠病变Esophageal cancer 食管癌gastroesophageal varices 胃食管静脉曲张Supine Position 仰卧位informed consent 知情同意sequelae 后遗症,转归demarcate 划界线,分开,区别postprandial 食后的to date 迄今为止regarding 关于serologic 血清学的Serology 血清学hepaplastin test 肝促凝血活酶试验urea 尿素heme 血红素anionic 阴离子的。