2016中考英语复习--第三篇--常见习惯用语
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三一教育 知识点燃梦想 成就小初高高效培优教育第一品牌 1 2016中考英语复习精品资料 第三篇、 常见习惯用语 (一) 知识概要 由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。 (二) 正误辨析 [误] - What can I do for you? - Yes, please help me [正] - What can I do for you? - I'd like to buy a sweater [析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 [误] - Which colour do you like? - Sorry, I don't like [正] - Which colour do you like? - I prefer blue [析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it [误] Do you like to come with us tonight? [正] Would you like to come with us tonight? [析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种: Shall we go? 我们走吧! Let's go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure [误] Sorry, I've kept you waiting Not at all [正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting Never mind [析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如: - Do you mind my smoking here?- _________ A. Yes, do it please 三一教育 知识点燃梦想 成就小初高高效培优教育第一品牌 2 B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can't take it 这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法: Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 I'm sorry [误] What's that man? He is Mike [正] What's that man? He is a teacher [正] Who's that man? He is Mike (He is Mike's father) [析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 [误] - How much are they? - Half a kilo, please [正] - How many bananas do you want? - Half a kilo Please [析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 [误] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? [正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? [析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。 [误] - Have a good time tonight! - You are the same [正] - Have a good time tonight! - The same to you [析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。 [误] - What's the problem? - I've got a headache [正] What's wrong with you? I've got a headache [析] What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 [误] - Now, I'm back Can I play? - Perhaps You'd better do your homework first [正] - Now, I'm back Can I play? - I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first [析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有: I'm afraid that you are right 其后直接加宾语从句。 - Will you come to my birthday party? - I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 三一教育 知识点燃梦想 成就小初高高效培优教育第一品牌 3 其后+not,表示否定。 - Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog 其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam 其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。 [误] - How soon will you be ready? - Two days [正] - How soon will you be ready? - In two days [析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。 [误] - Would you mind if I have some time off? - I don't mind - Monday and Tuesday of next week [正] - Would you mind if I have some time off? - When exactly - Monday and Tuesday of next week [析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。 [误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" [正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" [析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论,"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。 [误] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? - I don't hope so [正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? - I hope not [析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为:我想可能不会发生吧! [误] - Is anybody there? - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave [正] - Is everybody there? - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave [析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了