Unit10One of the terrible costs of conflict is the resulting damage to relationships. Conflict strains relationship and makes if di fficult for parties to recognize that they share common needs and goals. The more severe the conflict, the greater the psychological distance between groups. Ex tremely hostile relationships tend to persist and make such conflicts all the more serious.However, human relationships also have the power to defuse conflict and make it easier to resolve. In fact, establishing personal relationships is often a(n) effective way to solve conflict. Conflicts cannot be genuinely solved unless the adversaries are tied together with some sense of unity and commonality.First establishing personal relationships with people on the other side of the conflict can help lessen many of the problems related to conflict. This is because personal relationships improve communication and increase the general level of mutual understanding and trust. As individuals get to know each other, they are more able to recognize and acknowledge the other side's complaints. This allow for the development of feelings of sympathy and empathy. It also reduces the likelihood that destructive misunderstanding will arise. In addition, programs that establish positive pers onal relationships between parties are key in preventing possible conflicts. This is because friendly contact helps adversaries to get rid of stereotypes and see the "enemy" as a real, living, feeling person. It may also contribute to increased tolerance among highly diverse groups. Once this change of attitude has taken place, the parties can begin to develop a sense of mutual understanding and trust. Although they may still have different interests or needs, they can begin to approach these issues through cooperation rather than by competing with or trying to destroy each other.Establishing relationships can also pave the way for friendly negotiations and conflict resolution. If negotiators view thems elves as adversaries in a face-to-face confrontation, each side tends do become defensive and reactive. If, on the other hand, negotiators build personal relationships with those o n the other side, they will find that many of the problems associated with strong emotions and poor communication are much easier to manage.Unit9According to our experience, financial disputes are the number one reason for divorce in America. A premarital agreement is designed to identify financial concerns and establish expectations. Rather than being a "plan for divorce", an effective prenuptial agreement is divorce prevention.We work closely with couples to design prenuptial agreements that are custom tailored. W e will sit down with you and examine your entire situation to determine the best terms for a premarital agreement. Prenuptial agreements are legal contracts and thus, they should not be entered into lightly. Premarital agreements have a(n) impact on your finances, your family, and your future. W orking with an experienced prenuptial agreement attorney insures that you are entering into a fair and realistic premarital agreement.Unfortunately, some prenuptial agreements are unfair, unrealistic, or even illegal, and subsequently unenforceable. If you are facing divorce and you are a party to a prenuptial agreement that includes terms you dispute, you need an ex perienced prenuptial agreement attorney to shield your rights and interests.We have extensive experience representing clients seeking to enforce or defeat terms in premarital agreements. If you are subject to a prenuptial agreement that you belive is unfair, invalid, no longer applicable, or illegal, our premarital agreements litigation attorneys can go to work for you to come up with a fair and workable prenuptial agreement.If you require assistance to design and draft a prenuptial agreement that is reliable or you are facing divorce and involved in a dispute over the validity of a premarital agreement, contact us to speak with an experienced prenuptial agreement attorney.Unit8Have you ever read science fiction novels about cloning human beings? The main characters in these novels have been cloned, and replaced with creatures that look identical to them. These creatures differ from the originals, though, in that they show no emotion and are not human. They want to take over the earth.Hollywood has often treated clones as less than human, taking orders from a superior who intends to conquer the Earth. It is no wonder that much of the public has treated news of the first cloned animals with fear comparable to that shown in science fiction films dealing with cloning. But what is it that we fear specifically? Are we afraid that we are going to be replaced by monsters?Such Is our fear that legislation in Congress has been proposed to prohibit cloning and all research on it. Some Senators claim that the people working on these projects are like mad scientists from the movies. But, we need to take a step back and evaluate the benefits of cloning, and not simply discriminate based on prior information given to us in films. A clone of any species should develop like it would in nature: Cells split and multiply while the genetic code remains intact. There is nothing to suggest that a clone of a human would be anything less than human.Unit 7At the age of 21, Steve Jobs and a friend, Stephen, Stephen Wozniak, built a personal computer called the Apple. T he Apple changed people's idea of acomputer from a gigantic mass of vacuum tubes only bog business and the government could afford to a small box used by ordinary people. No company has done more to popularize the computer and make it user-friendly than Apple Computer inc. T wo years after building the Apple I, Steve Jobs introduced the Apple II. The Apple II was the best buy in personal computers for home and small business throughout the following five years. Steve Jobs was considered a brilliant young man in Silicon V alley, because he saw the future demands of the computer industry. "The personal computer was created by the hardware revolution of the 1970s and the next dramatic change will come from a software revolution," said Jobs.Jobs was an orphan adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs in 1955. While still in high school, Jobs attended lectures at the Hewlett-Packard electronics firm. There he was hired as a summer employee and met another employee, W ozniak, who had a(n) passion for inventing electronic devices. In 1972 Jobs graduated from high school and registered at Reed Collage in Portland, Oregon, After dropping out of Reed after one semester, he hung around the campus for a year, taking classes in philosophy. Early in 1974 Jobs took a job designing video games for Atari, Inc. But, he really had his eye on the commercial end of the electronics business and persuaded W ozniak to work with him toward building a personal computer.They sold everything they had, raising $1,300 to start their new company. With that capital base and credit begged from local electronics supplies, they set up their first production line. Jobs came up with the name of their new company Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.Unit6Earthquakes have plagued our lives for as long as people have inhabited the Earth. T hese dangerou s acts of the Earth have resulted in great damage to human beings.Earthquake damage depends on what area is hit. If an unpopulated region is struck. There will be low loss of life or property. If is hits a large city which is densely populated, there may be serious injuries and destruction.Earthquakes have the power to uproot trees and send them crashing into buildings. They can trigger landslides and cause flooding and tsunamis. Buildings and structures are also at risk. It is interesting to note that tall buildings will suffer the least damage if they are located directly at the epicenter. This is because they can withdraw the up-and-down motion of P-waves. S-waves, on the other hand, occur far away from the epicenter, and cause the greatest stress by shaking buildings from side to side. T hese buildings are often knocked off their foundations.Buildings with thick, heavy walls do not resist shock waves very well. V iolent earthquakes often cause structures to collapse, burying people underneath. Brick buildings are the most vulnerable. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the subsequent fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs.Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically impossible. With improvements in technology, lives have been saved and many more will. All that remains is to research what takes place before, during, and after an earthquake. This has been done for years to the point that a successful earthquake prediction is theoretically possible. However, accurate prediction of earthquake may take more years.Unit5Aging is a natural process. Although medical advancements have come up with ways to cover signs of aging, there is no stopping the process. During the closing period in the lifespan of human beings, people tend to "move away" from more desirable previous periods, often known as "usefulness".Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an "elderly", meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something to do with unfavorable attitudes toward oneself, other people, work and life in general. Senility, a more or less complete physical breakdown, will take place when there is mental disorganization. T he individual becomes careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, and take place adjusted.Due do the unfavorable social attitudes toward the elderly, treatment toward them in America, unlike other cultures, makes them feel no longer useful and unwanted. People who come from countries where respect for the elderly is customary usually treat elder people with more increasingly and respect.In fact, old people are a treasure of experience to society. It is ex pected that old people will play a(n) increasingly active role in social and community affairs as well as in the business and professional worlds. Because of the reduction in the number of roles the elderly are able to play, it is very likely that they will develop a feeling of inferiority. It is our duty to make them better realize thei r value and help them lead a life of comfort.。
