CABG术后吸气肌力量训练加耐力训练可以减少肺部并发症

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ORIGINALCONTRIBUTIONPreoperativeIntensiveInspiratoryMuscleTrainingtoPreventPostoperativePulmonaryComplicationsinHigh-RiskPatientsUndergoingCABGSurgeryARandomizedClinicalTrialErikH.J.Hulzebos,PT,MScPaulJ.M.Helders,PT,PhDNineJ.Favie´,PT,MScRobA.DeBie,PT,PhDAartBruteldelaRiviere,MD,PhDNicoL.U.VanMeeteren,PT,PhDOVERTHELASTDECADES,

coronaryarterybypassgraft(CABG)surgeryandperioperativecarehaveim-provedconsiderably,1-3resultinginaloweroverallcomplicationrate.How-ever,therateofpostoperativepulmo-narycomplications(PPCs)hasre-mainedstable,4,5possiblybecauseCABGsurgeryisnowperformedinmorefragile(high-risk)patientsatgreaterriskofPPCsasaconsequenceoftheircomorbidconditions.1,6Post-operativepulmonarycomplicationsthereforecontinuetoinfluencepa-tientmorbidityandmortality,lengthofhospitalstay,andoverallresourceuti-lization,despiteadvancesinpreopera-tive,intraoperative,andpostoperativecare.6,7Respiratoryphysiotherapyhas

alimitedeffectontheoccurrenceofPPCs,butstudiesperformedtodatewereoftenflawedmethodologicallyandtendedtoincluderelativelyhealthypa-tientswhounderwentCABGsurgeryratherthanpatientswithcomorbidityandhigh-riskprofiles.8Moreover,chest

physicaltherapywasusuallyadminis-teredaftertheoperation,whereasthepreferredstrategyistoidentify,onthebasisofknownriskfactors,andtreat

AuthorAffiliations:DepartmentofNeurologyandNeurosurgery,RudolfMagnusInstituteofNeuro-science,UniversityMedicalCenterUtrecht,Utrecht(DrVanMeeterenandMrHulzebosandMsFavie´);DepartmentofPhysiotherapy-Research,AcademyofHealthSciencesUtrecht,Utrecht(DrVanMeeteren);MasterofSciencePhysiotherapyResearch,UtrechtUni-versity,Utrecht(DrVanMeeteren);DepartmentofEpidemiology,MaastrichtUniversity,Maastricht(DrDeBie);DepartmentofCardiopulmonarySurgery,

OnzeLieveVrouweGasthuis,Amsterdam(DrBruteldelaRiviere);andDepartmentofPediatricPhysicalTherapyandExercisePhysiology,UniversityMedicalCenterandChildren’sHospital,Utrecht(DrHeldersandMrHulzebos),theNetherlands.CorrespondingAuthor:ErikH.J.Hulzebos,PT,MSc,DepartmentofPediatricPhysicalTherapyandExercisePhysiology,UniversityMedicalCenterandChildren’sHospital,RoomKM02.056,POBox85090,3508ABUtrecht,theNetherlands(h.hulzebos@umcutrecht.nl).

ContextPostoperativepulmonarycomplications(PPCs)aftercoronaryarteryby-passgraft(CABG)surgeryareamajorsourceofmorbidityandmortality,andincreaselengthofhospitalstayandresourceutilization.TheprehospitalizationperiodbeforeCABGsurgerymaybeusedtoimproveapatient’spulmonarycondition.Theefficacyofpreoperativeinspiratorymuscletraining(IMT)inreducingtheincidenceofPPCsinhigh-riskpatientsundergoingCABGsurgeryhasnotyetbeendetermined.

ObjectiveToevaluatetheprophylacticefficacyofpreoperativeIMTontheinci-denceofPPCsinhigh-riskpatientsscheduledforelectiveCABGsurgery.

Design,Setting,andPatientsAsingle-blind,randomizedclinicaltrialconductedattheUniversityMedicalCenterUtrecht,Utrecht,theNetherlands,withenrollmentbetweenJuly2002andAugust2005.Of655patientsreferredforelectiveCABGsur-gery,299(45.6%)metcriteriaforhighriskofdevelopingPPCs,ofwhom279wereenrolledandfollowedupuntildischargefromhospital.

InterventionPatientswererandomlyassignedtoreceiveeitherpreoperativeIMT(n=140)orusualcare(n=139).Bothgroupsreceivedthesamepostoperativephysi-caltherapy.

MainOutcomeMeasuresIncidenceofPPCs,especiallypneumonia,anddura-tionofpostoperativehospitalization.

ResultsBothgroupswerecomparableatbaseline.AfterCABGsurgery,PPCswerepresentin25(18.0%)of139patientsintheIMTgroupand48(35.0%)of137pa-tientsintheusualcaregroup(oddsratio[OR],0.52;95%confidenceinterval[CI],0.30-0.92).Pneumoniaoccurredin9(6.5%)of139patientsintheIMTgroupandin22(16.1%)of137patientsintheusualcaregroup(OR,0.40;95%CI,0.19-0.84).Mediandurationofpostoperativehospitalizationwas7days(range,5-41days)intheIMTgroupvs8days(range,6-70days)intheusualcaregroupbyMann-WhitneyUstatistic(z=–2.42;P=.02).

ConclusionPreoperativeIMTreducedtheincidenceofPPCsanddurationofpost-operativehospitalizationinpatientsathighriskofdevelopingapulmonarycomplica-tionundergoingCABGsurgery.

TrialRegistrationisrctn.orgIdentifier:ISRCTN17691887JAMA.2006;296:1851-1857www.jama.com

©2006AmericanMedicalAssociation.Allrightsreserved.(Reprinted)JAMA,October18,2006—Vol296,No.151851

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