压力容器外文文件

ASME压力容器及其有限元分析压力容器，英文：pressure vessel，是指盛装气体或者液体，承载一定压力的密闭设备。

贮运容器、反应容器、换热容器和分离容器均属压力容器。

压力容器的用途十分广泛。

它是在石油化学工业、能源工业、科研和军工等国民经济的各个部门都起着重要作用的设备。

压力容器一般由筒体、封头、法兰、密封元件、开孔和接管、支座等六大部分构成容器本体。

此外，还配有安全装置、表计及完全不同生产工艺作用的内件。

压力容器由于密封、承压及介质等原因，容易发生爆炸、燃烧起火而危及人员、设备和财产的安全及污染环境的事故。

ASME压力容器设计意味着计算方法是按ASME第8卷中的规则和计算方法进行设计和计算，不一定要选用ASME材料，除非和客户签订的技术协议里特别注明需要使用ASME材料，容器的管路当然也是要按ASME的要求。

由于产品的安全性和经济性的要求，有限元分析应用需求是最广泛的。

根据标准的要求，设计者可以借助有限元来解决容器的结构强度、稳定性及寿命（疲劳）的设计问题。

压力容器的主要特点结构形式：压力容器主要的结构形式为回转壳，当然最典型的是柱壳（常称为筒体）和球壳（球罐和封头等）。

常见的结构主要特点是：开孔、支撑、加强构件等；壳体的厚度远小于壳体的曲率半径；结构不规则；异种材料连接等。

根据其结构形式的主要特点和用途还可以进一部分类为：塔式容器、卧式容器、换热器、球罐等。

载荷形式：1) 压力：这是最重要的载荷形式，包括内压和外压；2) 热载荷：主要是由于温度梯度引起来的热应力；3) 力和力矩：设备管道传给设备的外力，附加载荷等4) 地震：设备的地震也是必须考虑的问题；5) 风载荷：对于一些塔式容器和球罐，风载荷也是主要考虑的载荷；6) 雪载荷：对我国北方地区的室外容器；求解模式：静力，动力，屈曲，疲劳，线弹性，弹塑性，非线性，接触等压力容器的分类一、按设计压力分类：1、低压（L）0.1MPa≤P＜1.6 MPa2、中压（M）1.6 MPa≤P＜10 MPa3、高压（H）10 MPa≤P＜100 MPa4、超高压（U）P≥100 MPa二、按工艺过程中的作用分：1、反应压力容器（R）：主要是用于完成介质的物理、化学反应的压力容器。

ASME 常用词汇Abrasion, allowance f or 磨损,裕量 Accessibility , pressure vessels 压力容器可达性 Access openings 通道孔Allowance f or corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或 /磨损裕量 Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性Approval of new materials, 新材料的批准 Articles in Section V 第 V 卷中的各章Article 1, T-150 第 1章 T150 Article 2 第 2章 Attachments 附件 Lugs and fitting 支耳和配件lugs for platf orms, ladders, etc. 平台,梯子等的支耳 nonpressure parts 非受压件nozzles 接管pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈 stiff ening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环Backing strip 垫板 Bending stress, welded joints 弯曲应力,焊接接头 Bend test 弯曲试验 Blind flanges 盲板法兰Bolted flange connections 螺栓法兰连接 bolt lands 螺栓载荷 bolt stress 螺栓应力design of关于设计f lange moments 法兰力矩 f lange stresses 法兰应力 materials 材料 studs 双头螺栓 tightness of紧密性 types of attachment 附件类型 Bolts 螺栓 Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面 Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接 Brazed joints, efficiency of钎焊接头, 焊缝系数 maximum service temperature 最高使用温度 strength of强度 Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊,钎焊的表面清理 f abrication by 用……制造 f iller metal 填充金属 f luxes 钎焊剂 heads into shells 封头接入壳体operating temperature 操作温度 Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板,曲率f orming ends of成型端 thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of焊接端Carbon in material f or welding 焊接用材料中的碳 Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器,设计 pressure-temperature limitations 压力 -温度界限 service restrictions 使用限制 Castings 铸件 carbon steel 碳钢 def ects 缺陷 impact test 冲击试验 inspection 检查 quality factor 质量系数 specif ications 标准 Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头 Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件,小件 Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件 Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器corners and fillets 圆角和倒角 head design 封头设计 hydrostatic test 水压试验nozzles and fittings 接管和配件pressure-temperatures limitations 压力 -温度界限 Certif icate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书 Certif i cation of material 材料证明书Certif ication of Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书 Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验 Liquid Penetrant Examination 液体渗透检验 Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验 Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志 Circumf erential joints alignment tolerance环向连接,组对公差 assembling 装配 brazing 钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料,嵌条 examination 检查 Clad plate复合板Cleaning ,of brazed surfaces 钎焊表面清理 of welded surf aces 焊接表面 Clearance between surf aces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙 Combination, of diff erent materials 不同材料组合 of methods of fabrication制造方法 Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力 Conical heads 锥形封头 Conical sections 圆锥截面 Connections ,bolted flange (see Bolted fl ange connections连接, 螺栓法兰 (见螺栓法兰连接 brazed 钎焊 clamp 卡箍 expanded 胀接 f rom vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀 studded 双头螺栓 threaded 螺纹 welded 焊接 Cooling, after postweldheat treating 冷却,焊后热处理 Corrosion allowance 腐蚀裕度 Corrosion resistant linings 防腐蚀衬里 Corrugated shells 波纹形壳体 Corrugating Paper Machinery 波纹板机械Cover plates 盖板 on manholes and handholes 在人孔和手孔上的 spherically dished 球形封头 Cracking, stress corrosion 应力腐蚀裂缝 Cutting plates 板材切割Cylindrical shells, supplementary loading 柱状壳体, 附加载荷 thickness 厚度 transition in 过渡段 Data report, guide for preparation 准备数据报告的指南 Def ects in welded vessels, repair 修理焊接容器中的缺陷Def initions 定义 Design, brazed vessels 设计钎焊容器 carbon and low alloy steel vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器 cast iron vessels 铸铁容器 clad vessels 覆层容器 f erritic steel vessels with properuts enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器 f orged vessels 锻造容器high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器 loadings 载荷 multichamber vessels 多受压室容器 nonf errous vessels 非铁金属容器 welded vessels 焊接容器 design pressure 设计压力 Diameter exemption 直径的豁免 Dimensions, checking of尺寸,校核 Discharge of safety valves 安全阀泄放 Dished heads (see formed heads 碟形封头 (见成形封头Disks, rupture 防爆膜 Dissimilar weld metal 不同金属的焊接1Distortion, of welded vessels 大变形、焊接容器 supports to prevent 用支撑防止Drainage, discharge f rom saf ety and relief valves 排放, 由安全阀和泄压阀泄放 Drop weight tests 落锤试验 Eccentricity of shells 壳体的偏心度 Edges of plates, metal removal from 由加工板边去除金属 tapered 锥度 Eff iciency, around openings for welded attachments 焊缝系数,环绕焊接附件孔口 Elasticity, modulus of弹性模量Electric resistance welding 电阻焊 Ellipsoidal heads 椭圆封头 Erosion, allowance for 侵蚀裕量 Etching, of sectioned speciments 侵蚀,关于截面试样 solutions for examination f or materials 检验材料的溶液Evaporators 蒸发器 Examination, of sectioned speciments 剖面试样的检验 of welded joints 焊接接头的检验Exemptions diameter and volume 直径和容积的豁免 Expanded connections 胀接连接 External pressure, tube and pipe 外压管 External pressure vessels 外压容器allowable working pressure for 许用工作压力 charts 算图 design of heads for 封头设计joints in shells of壳体上的接头 reinf orcement f or openings 开孔补强 stiff ening rings in shells 壳体上的刚性环supports for 支承 thickness of shell 壳体厚度 reducers 变径段 Fabrication, brazed vessels 制造,钎焊容器Ferritic steels vessels with tensile proper ties enhanced by heat treatment, design 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器,设计 f abrication 制造 head design 封头设计heat treatment热处理 heat treatment verif ication tests 热处理验证试验marking 标志 materials 材料 stamping 标记 welded joints 焊接接头Field assembly of vessels 容器的现场安装Filler plugs for trepanned holes 锥孔的管塞Fillet welds 角焊Fired process tubular heaters 直接火管式加热炉Fitting attachments 附件装配Flange connections 法兰连接Flange contact facings 法兰接触面Flanges 法兰bolted design 螺柱法兰设计of formed heads f or welding 用于焊接成型封头type of attachment 附件的类型Flat heads and covers, unstayed 无支撑平封头和盖板reinf orcement of openings 开孔补强Flat spots on formed heads 成型封头上的平坦部分Flued openings 翻边开孔Forged parts, small 锻造部件,小的Forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment 热处理localized thin areas 局部薄壁区welding 焊接Forgings 锻件identif ication of识别Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Formmanuf acturer’ s data report 制造厂数据报告格式partial report 零部件数据报告Formed heads 成型封头f lued openings in 封头上翻边开孔insertion of, welded vessels 插入,焊接容器joint efficiency 接头系数knuckle radius 转角半径2length of skirt 直边长度on welded vessels 在焊接容器上reinf orcement f or openings 开孔补强Forming 成型ends of shell plates and buttstraps 壳体板和对接搭板端f orged heads 锻造封头shell sections and heads 筒节和封头Furnaces 炉子temperatures f or postweld head treatment 焊后热处理温度Furnaces f or heat treating 热处理炉temperature control of炉温控制Galvanized vessels 镀锌容器Gasket materials 垫片材料Girth joints (see circumferential joints 环缝接头 (见环向接头Handhole and manhole openings 手孔和人孔开孔Head f lange (skirt length 封头翻边 (直边长度Head joints 封头接头brazing 钎焊welded 焊接Head openings 封头开孔entirely in spherical portion 全部在球体部分Head joints 封头接头concave and convex 凹面和凸面f lat (see f lat heads 平板 (见平封头f orged 锻造的f ormed (see Formed heads 成型的 (见成形封头f orming 面型thickness, after forming 厚度,成型之后Heads, design, conical 封头,设计,锥形ellipsoidal 椭圆形hemispherical 半球形spherically dished 球状碟形toriconical 带折边的锥形torispherical 带折边的球形torispherical, knuckle radius 带折边的球形,转角半径Heads and shells 封头和壳体external pressure, out-of-roundness 外压,不圆度openings through or near welded joints 通过或靠近焊缝处的开孔roundness tolerance 不圆度公差Heat exchangers 热交换器Heat treatment 热处理by fabricator 由制造厂进行carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器f erritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器3f orged vessels 锻造容器f urnaces 炉子high-alloy vessels 高合金容器of test specimens 试样的热处理verif ication tests of热处理验证试验Hemispherical heads 半球形封头High pressure vessels 高压封头Holes 小孔f or screw stays 用于螺丝固定f or trepanning plug sections, refilling 用于穿孔螺塞部分,再填充telltale 指示孔unreinf orced, in welded joints 不补强,在焊缝上Hubs, on flanges 高颈,在法兰上Hydrostatic proof tests 水压验证试验destructive 破坏性prior pressure application 在升压之前Hydrostatic test 水压试验cast iron vessels 铸铁容器combined with pneumatic 与气压试验混合的enameled vessels 搪玻璃容器external pressure vessels 外压容器galvanized vessels 镀锌容器standard 标准welded vessels 焊接容器Identi f ication 识别of forging 锻件of plates 平板of welds 焊接Identi f ication markers, radiographs 识别标志,射线照相Impact test 冲击试验certif ication 证明properties 性能specimens 试样temperature 温度Inspection 检查bef ore assembling 组装之前carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器during fabrication 在制造期间f erritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器 f itting up 组对f orged vessels 锻造容器4heat treatment, forgings 热处理,锻件high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器magnetic particle 磁粉material 材料nonf errous vessels 非铁金属容器plate 板材postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理pressure vessels, accessibility 压力容器,可达性quality control 质量管理sectioning of welded joints 焊接接头的剖面检验spot examination 抽样检查steel castings 铸钢件surf aces exposed and component parts 暴露的表面和元件部分test specimens 试样vessels 容器vessels exempted from 免检容器welded vessels 焊接容器Inspection openings 检查孔Inspectors 检查师access to plant 在厂内应有的便利control of stamping 打印管理duties 职责f acilities 装备qualif ication 资格reports 报告Installation 安装pressure-relieving devices 泄压装置pressure vessel 压力容器Integral cast iron dished heads 整体铸铁碟形封头integrally finned tubes 整体翅片管Internal structures 内部构件Jacketed vessels 夹套容器Joints 接头brazed 钎焊circumferential (see Circumf erential joints efficiency, brazed 环缝 (见环向接头系数,钎焊welded 焊接electric resistance, butt welding 电阻,对接焊in cladding and applied linings 在覆层及衬里in vessels subjected to external pressure 在承受外压的容器lap (see Lap joints 搭接 (见搭接接头longitudinal (see Longitudinal joints纵向 (见纵向接头tube-to-tubesheet 管子对管板Jurisdictional Review 权限审查Knuckles 过渡圆角5radius 半径transition section 变径段Lap joints 搭接接头amount of overlap 搭接量brazed 钎焊longitudinal under external pressure 在外压作用下纵向的welded 焊接Laws Covering Pressure Vessels 涉及压力容器的法规Lethal gases or liquids 致命的气体或液体Ligaments, effici ency of孔带,系数Limitation on welded vessels 焊接容器的限制Limit of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度的限制Linings 衬里corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Loadings 载荷Local postweld heat treatment 局部焊后热处理Longitudinal joints 纵向接头alignment tolerance 对准公差brazing 钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Low-temperature operation 低温操作Low-temperature vessels brazed 低温容器,钎焊f or gases and liquids 用于气体和液体impact test requirements 冲击试验要求impact test, when not required 冲击试验,当不要求时marking 标志materials 材料testing of materials 材料试验Lugs for ladders, platforms, and other 梯子,平台及其它附件的支耳 Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉检查Manholes, and handholes 人孔,手孔cover plate for 盖板minimum vessel diameter requiring 所需最小容器直径Manuf acture, responsibility of制造者,职责Manuf acturer ’ s Data Report (see Data Report 制造厂数据报告 (见数据报告Manuf acturer ’ s stamps 制造厂的印记Marking castings 标志,铸件materials 材料plates 板材standard pressure parts 标志受压件valves and fittings 阀门和配件with Code symbol 带有规范符号Markings, transfer after cutting plates 标志,板材切割以后的转移6Materials, approval of new 材料,新材料的批准approval of repairs 修补的批准brazed vessels 钎焊容器carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁castings 铸铁cast iron vessels 铸铁容器certif ication 合格证clad vessels 覆层容器combination of组合材料f erritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器f orged vessels 锻造容器f or nonpressure parts 非受压元件heat treatment of热处理high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器inspection of检查nonf errous vessels 非铁金属容器pipe and tube 管子plate 板rods and bars 杆和棒specif ication for 标准standard pressure, parts 标准受压元件unidentif ied 未鉴别的use of over thickness listed in SectionⅡ采用超过列于第Ⅱ卷表中的厚度welded vessels 焊接容器Measurem ent, 测量dimensional 尺寸of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度Metal temperature determination 金属温度,确定control of控制Mill undertolerance 钢厂负公差控制Minimum thickness of plate 板材的最小厚度控制Miscellaneous pressure parts 其它受压件控制Multichamber vessels design 多承压室容器,设计Multiple duplicate vessels 多个相同的容器Multiple safety valves 多个安全阀Nameplates 铭牌New materials 新材料Noncircular vessels 非圆形容器ligament eff i ciency 孔带系数nomenclature 术语obround design 长圆形设计rectangular design 矩形设计7reinf orcement 补强examples 实例Nonpressure parts, attachment of非受压元件的连接Notch ductility test 缺口韧性试验Nozzle openings, reinforced 接管开孔,补强的unreinf orced 非补强的vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压得容器Nozzles attachment of to shell 接管,与壳体的连接minimum thickness of neck 缩颈的最小厚度(see also Connections(也可见连接件Nuts and washers 螺母和垫圈Offset of edges of plates at joints 在接头处板边的偏差Openings adjacent to welds 开孔,邻近焊缝closure of封闭f or connections to brazed vessels 用于对钎焊容器的连接f or drainage 用于排放head (see Openings head and shell 封头 (见开孔,封头和壳体 in flat heads 在平板封头上inspection 检查manhole (see Manholes 人孔 (见人孔nozzle (see Nozzle opening 接管 (见接管开孔shell (see Openings, head and shell 壳体 (见开孔,封头和壳体 through welded joints 通过焊接接头Openings, head and shell, computation of开孔,封头和壳体,计算 not requiring additional reinforcement 不需要附加补强reinf orced, size 补强,尺寸reinf orcement f or adjacent openings 邻近开孔的补强reinf orcement of补强requiring additional reinforcement 需要附加补强shapes permissible许用形式unreinf orced, size 不补强的,尺寸Outlets, discharge, pressure relieving devices 排放口,出料,泄压装置 Out-of -roundness 不圆度Overpressure limit for vessels 容器的超压极限Partial data report, manufacturer’ s 零部件数据报告,制造厂的Parts, miscellaneous 部件,各种各样的Peening 捶击Pipe connections openings for 管子的连接,用于开孔Pipe fittings vessels built of管子配件,制造的容器Pipe and tubes 各类管子Pipe used for shells 用作壳体的管子piping external to vessel 容器外的管子Plate, curvature 板,曲率measurement, dimensional check 测量,尺寸校核8Plate edges cutting 板边,切割exposed left unwelded 留下不予焊接的显露部分inspection of检查Plates 平板alignment 找准cover 盖板cutting 切割f orming 成型heat treatment 热处理identif ication 标志impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查laying out 划线less than 6 mm thickness 厚度小 6mmmarkings transfer aft er cutting 标志,在切割以后的转移minimum thickness 最小厚度repair of defects 缺陷修理specif ications 标准structural carbon steel 结构碳钢Plug welds 塞焊Pneumatic test 气压试验pressure 压力yielding 屈服Porosity welded joints 气孔,焊接接头Porosity charts 气孔图Postheat treatment 后热处理connections for nozzles and attachments 用于接管和附件的连接cooling after 随后的冷却f urnace temperature 炉温inspection 检查local 局部requirements 要求temperature range 温度范围welded vessels 焊接容器Preheating 预热Preparation of plates f or welding 焊接板材的准备pressure, design 压力,设计limits 极限(see also Working pressure, allowable (也可见工作压力,许用Pressure parts miscellaneous 受压件,其它的Pressure relieving devices 泄压装置discharge 排放installation and operation 安装和运转rupture disks 防爆模9setting 整定Pressure vessels 压力容器exempted from inspection 免检Produce f orm of Specif ication 产品技术条件Proof test hydrostatic (see Hydrostatic proof test 验证试验,水压 (见水压试验Quali f ication 评定of brazers 钎焊工of welders 焊工of welding procedure 焊接工艺Quality Control System 质量保证体系Quenching and tempering 淬火及回火Quick-actuating closures 快开盖Radiograph f actor 射线照相系数Radiographing 射线照相examination by 检查partial 部分quality factors 质量系数requirements 要求spot examination 抽样检查retests 重新试验thickness, mandatory minimum 规定最小厚度Radiographs, acceptance by inspector 射线照相,由检查员认为合格gamma rays, radium capsule γ射线,装镭的盒子interpretation by standard procedure 由标准程序的说明rounded indications 圆形显示Reaming holes for screw stays 为固定螺钉用的铰孔Reducer sections, rules for 变径段,规程Reinf orcem ent 补强def ined limits 规定的范围head and shell openings 封头及壳体开孔large openings 大开孔multiple openings 多个开孔nozzle openings 接管开孔of openings in shells, computation of壳体上开孔,计算openings subject to rapid pressure fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔Fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔strength 强度Relief devices 泄放装置(see also Pressure relieving devices, Safety and relief Valves(也可见泄压装置,安全阀和泄压阀 Relieving capacity of safety valves 安全阀排量Repairs, approval of defects in material 修理,材料中缺陷的认可def ective Brazing 有缺陷的钎焊def ects in forgings 锻件中的缺陷def ects in welds 焊缝中的缺陷10Responsibility of manufacturer 制造者的职责Retention of Records 记录的保存Radiographs 射线照相Manuf acturer ’ s Data Reports 制造厂的数据报告Retests, frogings 复试,锻件impact specimens 冲击试样joints, welded 接头,焊接Rods, bars, and shapes 杆棒喝型材Rolled parts, small 轧制件,小件Rupture disks 爆破模Safety 安全性saf ety relief, and pressures relief valves, adjustable blow down, capacity certif ication 安全泄放和泄压阀,可调节的泄放,排放量证明capacity, conversion 排量,换算connection to vessels 连接至容器construction 结构discharge pipe 排放管indirect operation 间接操作installation 安装installation on vessels in service 容器在役时的安装liquid relief液体泄放marking 标志minimum requirements 最低要求pressure setting 压力整定spring loaded 受载弹簧springs, adjustment 弹簧,调节stop valves adjacent to 邻近的截止阀test 试验protective devices 防护装置f or unfired steam boiler 对非直接火蒸气锅炉Scope 适用范围sectioning, closing holes left by 解剖,解剖孔的封闭etching plugs taken 解剖样的侵蚀examination by 检查Service restriction 使用限制Shapes, special 形状,特殊Shell plates, forming ends of壳体用材料,封头成型Shells 壳体allowable working pressure 许用工作压力computation of openings in 开孔计算f orming 成型made from pipe 由管子制造的stiff ening rings 刚性环thickness 厚度11Transition section 过渡段Sigma-phase f orma tion σ相的形成Skirts length on heads 直边、封头上的长度support of vessels 裙座,容器支撑Slag inclusion welds 焊缝中的夹渣Special constructions 特殊结构Speci f ication f or materials 材料标准Spherical sections of vessels 容器的球形部分Spot examination of welded joints 焊接接头的抽样检查Springs for safety valves 安全阀的弹簧Stamping location of打印位置multipressure vessels 多重压力容器omission of省略saf ety valves 安全阀with Code symbol 带有规范标记Stamps, certifi cate of authorization 钢印,授权low stress 低压力not to be covered 不应覆盖to be visible on plates 在板上可见Static head, in setting safety valves, effect of on limiting stresses 静压头,在整定安全阀时,影响,对极限应力 Stayed surfaces 支撑表面Staying formed heads 成型封头的支撑Stays and staybolts, adjacent to edges of staybolted surface 支撑件及拉撑螺栓,邻近用螺栓拉撑得表面周边处 allowable stress 许用应力area supported 支撑面dimensions 尺寸ends 端部location 位置pitch 节距screw , holes for 螺孔upset for threading 为车制螺纹的镦粗welded 焊接的Steam generating vessels, unfired 蒸汽锅炉,非直接火Steel, carbon content 钢,含碳量Stenciling plates for identification 在板材上打印标志Stif fening rings, attachment to shell 刚性环,和壳体的装配f or vessels under external pressure 用于外压容器Stif f ness, support of large vessels f or 刚性,大容器支座Stop valves 截止阀adjacent to safety and relief valves 邻近于安全和泄压阀Strength of brazed joints 钎焊接头的强度Stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀裂缝Stress values, attachment weld 应力值,连接焊缝basis for establishing 确定的基础12carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体刚high-alloy steel高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属Stud bolt threads 双头螺栓螺纹Studded connections 双头螺纹连接Supplementary design formulas 补充设计公式Supports, design 支座,设计pressure vessels 压力容器temperature f ree movement under 在温度下活动不受约束types of steel permissible for 容许的钢材类型vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Surface Weld Metal Buildup 金属堆焊表面Tables, effective gasket width b 表,有效垫片宽度 bgasket materials and contact facings 垫片材料和接触面maximum allowable effi ciencies f or arc and gas welded joints 电弧焊和气焊接头的最大许用系数minimum number of pipe threads f or connections 管螺纹连接的最少螺纹牙数molecular weights of gases and vapors 气体和蒸汽的分子量of stress values, carbon and low-alloy steel 应力值,碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢high-alloy steel 高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属welded carbon low-alloy pipe and tubes 焊接低合金碳钢管of values factor K 系数K值factor M 系数Mfactor 系数postweld heat treatment requirements 焊后热处理要求recommended temperature ranges for heat treatment 推荐的热处理温度范围spherical radius factor K1球半径系数 K 1Telltale holes 指示孔in opening reinforcement 开孔补强Temperature, definitions 温度,定义design 设计determination 确定f ree movement of vessel on supports 支座上的容器活动不受约束heat treatment 热处理limitations, of brazed vessels 限制,钎焊容器of cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁of postweld heat treating 焊后热处理metal, control of金属,控制operating or working, definitions 操作或工作,定义13zones of different 不同区域Termination point of a vessel 容器的界限点Test coupons 试样Test gages requirements 试验仪表,要求Test plates heat treatment 试板,热处理impact test 冲击试验production 生产Tests, hydrostatic proof试验,水压验证pneumatic (see pneumatic test 气压,见气压试验vessels whose strength cannot be calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器Thermal buffers 热缓冲器Thermocouples attachment 热电偶,安装Thickness gages, details 厚度量规,细节Thick shells, cylindrical 厚壳体,圆柱形spherical 球形Thin plates marking 薄板,标志Threaded connection 螺纹连接Threaded inspection openings 螺纹检查孔Threads, stud bolts 螺纹,双头螺栓Tolerances, f orged shells and heads 公差,锻造容器及封头Toriconical heads 带折边的锥形封头Torispherical heads 带折边的球形封头Transf ering marking on plates 板上标志的移植Transition in cylindrical shells 柱状壳体的过渡Trays and baffles, acting as partial shell stiffeners 塔盘及挡板,作为部分壳体加强圈 Tubes and pipe 管子Tube-to-tubesheet joints 管子与管板的连接Ultrasonic examination of welds 焊缝的超声检验UM vessels UM 容器Unf ired steam boiler 非直接火蒸汽锅炉Unidentif i ed materials 未识别的材料V alves, connections 阀,连接saf ety and relief (see safety and relief valves 安全和泄压装置V alves and fittings, marking 阀及其配件,标志V eri f ication tests, heat treatment 验证试验,热处理V olume exemption 容器的免检Weld deposits, cleaning 焊接熔敷金属,清理peening 捶击Welded joints, category 焊接接头,类别description of types 类型的描述eff iciency 焊缝系数impact test, across 冲击试验,横向postweld heat treating 焊后热处理14radiographic examination, complete 射线照相检查,整个的rounded indications 圆形显示sectioning, etch test 解剖,侵蚀试验spot examination 抽样检查staggered, longitudinal 错开,轴向taper, plates of unequal thicknesses 锥度,不等厚板types around openings 类型,环绕开孔ultrasonic examination of超声检验Welded reinforcement of nozzle openings 接管开孔的焊缝补强Welded vessels 焊接容器holes in joints of接头处的孔inspection 检查limitations on 限制tests of试验Welders and welding operators 焊工和自动焊工identif ying stamps 识别标记records of, by manufacturers 由制造厂所作的记录test of qualif ication 评定试验Welding 焊接cleaning of welded surfaces 焊件表面清理details, limitations 细节,限制f orged vessels 锻造容器materials 材料materials having different coeff icients of expansion 膨胀系数不同的材料of attachment around openings 开孔周围的连接plate, fitting up joints 平板,连接处的装配plate edges, matching 板边,匹配preparation of plates 钣材的制备procedure qualif ication 工艺评定processes 工艺test requirement 试验要求Weld metal, composition 焊缝金属,成分Welds acceptability, when radiographed 焊缝合格,用射线照相时when sectioned 解剖时f illet 填角identif ication of识别plug 塞焊reinf orcement, butt welds 补强,对接焊repairs of defects in 焊缝中缺陷的修补sharp angles, avoid at weld edges 尖角,避免在焊缝边上structural 结构tack 定位焊types, description 类型,描述ultrasonic examination of超声检验15Working pressure allowable, braced and stayed surfaces 许用工作压力，有拉撑和支撑表面 by proof test 验证性试验 definition of 定义 16。

压力容器出口国外必备认证——ASME规范国内的锅炉、压力容器制造企业要进入国际市场，必须掌握并且获得相应国家或地区的市场准入许可。

美国机械工程师协会颁布的ASME锅炉压力容器规范，作为一部国际公认的权威规范，在世界范围内被广泛认可，被用作锅炉及压力容器设计、制造、检查、检验所遵循的标准。

ASME锅炉压力容器规范适用于石油、化工及电力等行业的锅炉、压力容器制造及安装企业。

企业在获得ASME钢印和授权证书后，将为其产品进入北美市场以及其它国家或地区打开方便之门。

必维国际检验集团（以下简称“必维”）中国是ASME授权检验机构OneCIS Insurance Co.(必维独资子公司)在中国的分部。

自2000年1月起即开始在国内开展ASME锅炉压力容器规范的授权检验工作，是行业内的先行者。

必维在国内拥有强大的技术团队，包括30多名授权检验师(Al)，可为客户提供完全本土化的服务。

迄今已为国内200多家锅炉、压力容器厂家提供了取证、换证、和钢印产品服务，积累了非常丰富的实践经验和业绩。

必维拥有全世界绝大部分检验授权，借助必维全球的技术资源，结合各类产品检验、认证、测试、咨询、审核业务，可为客户提供一站式的全方位综合服务。

针对ASME取证和换证，必维将从用户向ASME提出申请开始至联检结束，再到钢印产品检验提供全过程的一站式服务：♦根据用户要求提供质量管理手册，程序文件等参考范本♦按ASME 规范审核设计文件♦审核并签署质量管理手册、程序文件♦执行示范产品的检验，并提出改进建议♦由授权检验师(AI)和主任授权检验师(AIS)执行联检前的预检♦作为联检组成员参加联检♦执行钢印产品检验，授权检验师(AI)将对企业生产的产品按ASME规范进行检验，通过检验的产品可打上相应的ASME规范标志钢印服务流程1. ASME取证和换证（1）客户与必维签订ASME检验合同及检验协议（2）必维协助客户向ASME提出申请交费，并购买规范（3）必维按上述解决方案提供服务（4）客户通过联检后取得ASME钢印及证书（5）（如需）必维按ASME规范要求进行后续周期性监督审核2. ASME 钢印产品检验（1）客户与必维签订ASME检验合同（2）必维按ASME规范要求进行检验（3）必维检验合格后在产品上打ASME钢印，签署数据报告。

压力容器常用词汇中英文对照ASME常用词汇Abrasion, allowance for 磨损，裕量Accessibility，pressure vessels 压力容器可达性Access openings 通道孔Allowance for corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或/磨损裕量Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性Approval of new materials, 新材料的批准Articles in Section V 第V卷中的各章Article 1, T-150 第1章T150Article 2 第2章Attachments 附件lugs and fitting 支耳和配件lugs for platforms, ladders, etc. 平台，梯子等的支耳nonpressure parts 非受压件nozzles 接管pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈stiffening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环Backing strip 垫板Bending stress, welded joints 弯曲应力，焊接接头Bend test 弯曲试验Blind flanges 盲板法兰Bolted flange connections 螺栓法兰连接bolt lands 螺栓载荷bolt stress 螺栓应力design of 关于设计flange moments 法兰力矩flange stresses 法兰应力materials 材料studs 双头螺栓tightness of 紧密性types of attachment 附件类型Bolts 螺栓Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接Brazed joints, efficiency of 钎焊接头，焊缝系数maximum service temperature 最高使用温度strength of 强度Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊，钎焊的表面清理fabrication by 用……制造filler metal 填充金属fluxes 钎焊剂heads into shells 封头接入壳体operating temperature 操作温度Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板，曲率forming ends of 成型端thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of 焊接端Carbon in material for welding 焊接用材料中的碳Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器，设计pressure-temperature limitations 压力-温度界限service restrictions 使用限制Castings 铸件carbon steel 碳钢defects 缺陷impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查quality factor 质量系数specifications 标准Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件，小件Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器corners and fillets 圆角和倒角head design 封头设计hydrostatic test 水压试验nozzles and fittings 接管和配件pressure-temperatures limitations 压力-温度界限Certificate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书Certification of material 材料证明书Certification of Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验Liquid Penetrant Examination液体渗透检验Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志Circumferential joints alignment tolerance环向连接，组对公差assembling装配brazing钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料，嵌条examination 检查Clad plate 复合板Cleaning ,of brazed surfaces 钎焊表面清理of welded surfaces 焊接表面Clearance between surfaces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合of methods of fabrication制造方法Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力Conical heads 锥形封头1。

Principle of Operation:The Zipper closure was developed for AE’s Zipperclave ® quick-opening, low pressure vessels. Closure is effected by a resilient spring member (the “Zipper”) inserted through a circumferential groove in the body and cover. Simply release the safety sleeve and pull the Zipper to remove the cover. A quick release/safety lock and cover safety device are provided to ensure that the spring is fully inserted.ZipperClave ®Pressure VesselVolume: 500 mlVessel MAWP*: 2,200 psi @ 450ºF (151 bar @ 232ºC)Material of Construction: 316 Stainless Steel or all wetted parts* Maximum Allowable Working PressureGeneral Specifications:WARNINGFAILURE, IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCTS AND/OR SYSTEMS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSE DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE .This document and other information from Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provide product and/or system options for further investigation by users having technical expertise. It is important that you analyze all aspects of your application and review the information concerning the product or system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety of operating conditions and applications for these products or systems, the user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and systems and assuring that all performance, safety and warning require -ments of the application are met. The products described herein, including without limitation, product features, specifications, designs, availability and pricing, are subject to change by Parker Hannifin Corporation andits subsidiaries at any time without notice.Offer of SaleThe items described in this document are available for sale by Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries or its authorized distributors. Any sale contract entered by Parker will begoverned by the provisions stated in Parker's standard terms and conditions of sale (copy available upon request).Instrumentation Products Division Autoclave Engineers Operation 8325 Hessinger Drive Erie, PA 16509-4679Tel: 814 860 5700 • Fax: 814 860 Caution! Do not mix or interchange component parts or tubing with those of other manufacturers. Doing so is unsafe and will void warranty.Caution! Parker Autoclave Engineers Valves, Fittings, and Tools are not designed to interface with common commercial instrument tubing and are designed to only connect with tubing manufactured to Parker Autoclave Engineers AES specifications. Failure to do so is unsafe and will void warranty.Bulletin PV-ZIP©2015 Parker Hannifin Corporation | Autoclave Engineers is a registered trademark of the Parker Hannifin Corporation06-0052SE June2015NOTES:HASTELLOY ® is a registered trademark of Haynes International Inc.Ordering Guide:Part Number Example: ZC0100SS2000(example selections indicated in yellow below)Supporting Information:Please refer to the following sections of the catalog for complimentary products and additional technical details. • “MagneDrives ®” - (Agitation Section, Bulletin AG-SG)• “Controls ” - (Instrumentation Section, Bulletin IN-SG)• “Complete Systems ” - (Stirred Reactor Section, Bulletin SR-SG)• “Valves, Fittings, Tubing ” - (VFT Catalog, )Features and Available Options:• Connection can be adapted to different sizes • Multiple Connections• Other Materials of construction • Heaters and Furnaces• Stand (Bench or Floor Style)• Cooling and Heating Jackets • Drain Valves• Consult Factory to discuss your specific requirementsNOTES:* Products are registered trademarks of Dupont Dow Elastomers.。

(完整word版)GB_T150.4-2011_压力容器第4部分：制造、检验和验收GB/T 150.4-2011 压力容器第4部分：制造、检验和验收基本信息【英文名称】Pressure vessels―Part 4:Fabrication,inspection and testing,and acceptance【标准状态】现行【全文语种】中文简体【发布日期】2011/11/21【实施日期】2012/3/1【修订日期】2011/11/21【中国标准分类号】J74【国际标准分类号】23.020.30关联标准【代替标准】部分代替GB 150-1998【被代替标准】暂无【引用标准】GB 150.1-2011,GB 150.2-2011,GB 150.3-2001,GB/T 196,GB/T 197,GB/T 228,GB/T 229,GB/T 232,GB/T 1804,GB/T 25198,GB/T 21433,JB/T 4700,JB/T 4701,JB/T 4702,JB/T 4703,JB/T 4704,JB/T 4705,JB/T 4706,JB/T 4707,NB/T 47014(JB/T 4708),NB/T 47015(JB/T 4709),JB/T 4711,JB/T 4730.1,JB/T 4730.2,JB/T 4730.3,JB/T 4730.4,JB/T 4730.5,JB/T 4730.6,JB/T 4736,NB/T 47016(JB/T 4744),NB/T 47018.1(JB/T 4747.1),NB/T 47018.2(JB/T 4747.2),NB/T 47018.3(JB/T 4747.3),NB/T 47018.4(JB/T 4747.4),NB/T 47018.5(JB/T 4747.5),TSG R0004适用范围&文摘1.1 本部分规定了GB 150适用范围内的钢制压力容器的制造、检验与验收要求；其他材料制压力容器的制造、检验与验收要求按相关标准。

压力容器规范标准目的：确保压力容器在设计寿命内安全运行内容：材料、设计、制造、检验等性质：法规，必须遵守特点：定期补充、修改，用新规范1.3.1国外主要规范标准简介：美国ASME规范、日本压力容器标准、欧盟压力容器标准1、美国ASME规范目前ASME规范共有十二卷包括锅炉、压力容器、核动力装置、焊接、材料、无损检测等内容。

ASME规范每三年出版一个新的版本，每年有两次增补。

在形式上，ASME规范分为4个层次：规范（Code）、规范案例（Code Case）、条款解释（Interpretation）、规范增补（Addenda）ASME规范中与压力容器设计有关的主要是第Ⅷ篇《压力容器》、第Ⅶ篇《移动式容器建造和连续使用规则》和第Ⅹ篇《玻璃纤维增强塑料压力容器》。

第Ⅷ篇分为3个册：第1册《压力容器》第2册《压力容器——另一规则》第3册《高压容器另一规则》简称ASMEⅧ-1、ASMEⅧ-2和ASMEⅧ-3ASMEⅧ-1ASMEⅧ-1为常规设计标准，适用压力小于等于20MPa；它以弹性失效设计准则为依据，根据经验确定材料的许用应力，并对零部件尺寸作出一些具体规定。

由于它具有较强的经验性，故许用应力较低。

ASMEⅧ-1不包括疲劳设计，但包括静载下进入高温蠕变范围的容器设计。

ASMEⅧ-2ASMEⅧ-2为分析设计标准，它要求对压力容器各区域的应力进行详细地分析，并根据应力对容器失效的危害程度进行应力分类，再按不同的安全准则分别予以限制。

跟ASMEⅧ-1相比，ASMEⅧ-2对结构的规定更细，对材料、设计、制造、检验和验收的要求更高，允许采用较高的许用应力，所设计出的容器壁厚较薄。

ASMEⅧ-2包括了疲劳设计，但设计温度限制在蠕变温度以内。

ASMEⅧ-3ASMEⅧ-3主要适用于设计压力不小于70MPa的高压容器。

它不仅要求对压力容器各区域的应力进行详细地分析和分类评定，而且要做疲劳分析或断裂力学评定，是目前为止要求最高的压力容器规范。

筒体shell垫板pad接管Nozzle夹套封头jacket head封头head夹套jacket shell椭圆封头ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD管箱CHANNEL管板TUBESHEET螺母NUT法兰FLANGE法兰盖BLIND FLANGE垫片gasket垫圈washer搅拌装置agitator device视镜sight glass排气管vent pipe进气管gas inlet pipe接管NOZZLE换热管TUBE拉杆TIE RO定距管SPACER旁路档板SEALING STRIP挡管DUMMY TBUE双头螺柱STUD BOLT螺柱STUD BOLT螺栓MACHINE BOLT六角头螺母HEX NUT顶丝JACK BOLT接地板EARTH LUG吊耳LIFTING LUG耳座SUPPORT LUG膨胀节EXPANSION JOINT隔板PASS PARTITION PLATE凸缘PAD FLANGE补强圈REINFORCEMENT PLATE 折流板BAFFLE防冲板IMPINGMENT PLATE防涡流挡板VORTEX BREAKER 塔顶吊柱TOP DAVIT排气孔VENT HOLE泪孔TEAR HOLE检漏孔TELL-TALE HOLE垫板PAD PLATE腹板WEB筋板RIB底板BASE PLATE填料箱GLAND BOX 保温螺母INSULATION NUTS保温支撑INSULATION SUPPORT铭牌NAME PLATE铭牌座NAME PLATE SUPPORT带颈视镜SIGHT GLASS法兰盖BLIND FLANGE导流板BAFFLE夹套封口环JACKET CLOSURE螺塞PLUG堵头PLUG视镜SIGHT GLASS镀锌galvanization组合件COMPONENT衬板LINING PLATE衬环LINING RING管嘴SPRAY弯头ELLBOW束节SOCKET管台SOCKET镀锌galvanization待定HOLD跨中均布STRADDLE EQUI-SPACED拉筋RIB筋板RIB撑筋RIB人孔MAN HOLEASME常用词汇Abrasion, allowance for 磨损，裕量Accessibility，pressure vessels 压力容器可达性Access openings 通道孔Allowance for corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或/磨损裕量Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性Approval of new materials, 新材料的批准Articles in Section V 第V卷中的各章Article 1, T-150 第1章T150Article 2 第2章Attachments 附件lugs and fitting 支耳和配件lugs for platforms, ladders, etc. 平台，梯子等的支耳nonpressure parts 非受压件pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈stiffening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环Backing strip 垫板Bending stress, welded joints 弯曲应力，焊接接头Bend test 弯曲试验Blind flanges 盲板法兰Bolted flange connections 螺栓法兰连接bolt lands 螺栓载荷bolt stress 螺栓应力flange moments 法兰力矩flange stresses 法兰应力studs 双头螺栓tightness of 紧密性types of attachment 附件类型Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接Brazed joints, efficiency of 钎焊接头，焊缝系数maximum service temperature 最高使用温度strength of 强度Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊，钎焊的表面清理fabrication by 用……制造filler metal 填充金属heads into shells 封头接入壳体operating temperature 操作温度Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板，曲率forming ends of 成型端thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of 焊接端Carbon in material for welding 焊接用材料中的碳Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器，设计pressure-temperature limitations 压力-温度界限service restrictions 使用限制Castings 铸件defects 缺陷impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查quality factor 质量系数specifications 标准Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件，小件Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器corners and fillets 圆角和倒角hydrostatic test 水压试验nozzles and fittings 接管和配件pressure-temperatures limitations 压力-温度界限Certificate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书Certification of material 材料证明书Certification of Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验Liquid Penetrant Examination液体渗透检验Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志Circumferential joints alignment tolerance环向连接，组对公差assembling装配vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料，嵌条examination 检查Clad plate 复合板of welded surfaces 焊接表面Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合of methods of fabrication制造方法Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力Conical heads 锥形封头Conical sections 圆锥截面Connections ,bolted flange (see Bolted flange connections)连接，螺栓法兰（见螺栓法兰连接）clamp 卡箍expanded 胀接from vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀studded 双头螺栓threaded 螺纹Cooling, after postweld heat treating 冷却，焊后热处理Corrosion allowance 腐蚀裕度Corrosion resistant linings 防腐蚀衬里Corrugated shells 波纹形壳体Corrugating Paper Machinery 波纹板机械Cover plates 盖板on manholes and handholes 在人孔和手孔上的spherically dished 球形封头Cracking, stress corrosion 应力腐蚀裂缝Cutting plates 板材切割Cylindrical shells, supplementary loading 柱状壳体，附加载荷transition in 过渡段Data report, guide for preparation 准备数据报告的指南Defects in welded vessels, repair 修理焊接容器中的缺陷Design, brazed vessels 设计钎焊容器carbon and low alloy steel vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器ferritic steel vessels with properuts enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器loadings 载荷multichamber vessels 多受压室容器nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器welded vessels 焊接容器design pressure 设计压力Diameter exemption 直径的豁免Dimensions, checking of 尺寸，校核Discharge of safety valves 安全阀泄放Dished heads (see formed heads) 碟形封头(见成形封头)Disks, rupture 防爆膜Dissimilar weld metal 不同金属的焊接Distortion, of welded vessels 大变形、焊接容器supports to prevent 用支撑防止Drainage, discharge from safety and relief valves 排放，由安全阀和泄压阀泄放Drop weight tests 落锤试验Eccentricity of shells 壳体的偏心度Edges of plates, metal removal from 由加工板边去除金属tapered 锥度Efficiency, around openings for welded attachments 焊缝系数，环绕焊接附件孔口Elasticity, modulus of 弹性模量Electric resistance welding 电阻焊Ellipsoidal heads 椭圆封头Erosion, allowance for 侵蚀裕量Etching, of sectioned speciments 侵蚀，关于截面试样solutions for examination for materials 检验材料的溶液Evaporators 蒸发器Examination, of sectioned speciments 剖面试样的检验of welded joints 焊接接头的检验Exemptions diameter and volume 直径和容积的豁免Expanded connections 胀接连接External pressure, tube and pipe 外压管External pressure vessels 外压容器allowable working pressure for 许用工作压力charts 算图design of heads for 封头设计joints in shells of 壳体上的接头reinforcement for openings 开孔补强stiffening rings in shells 壳体上的刚性环supports for 支承thickness of shell 壳体厚度reducers 变径段fabrication, brazed vessels 制造，钎焊容器Ferritic steels vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment, design经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器，设计fbrication 制造head design 封头设计heat treatment热处理heat treatment verification tests 热处理验证试验marking 标志stamping 标记welded joints 焊接接头Field assembly of vessels 容器的现场安装Filler plugs for trepanned holes 锥孔的管塞Fillet welds 角焊Fired process tubular heaters 直接火管式加热炉Fitting attachments 附件装配Flange connections 法兰连接Flange contact facings 法兰接触面Flanges 法兰bolted design 螺柱法兰设计of formed heads for welding 用于焊接成型封头type of attachment 附件的类型Flat heads and covers, unstayed 无支撑平封头和盖板reinforcement of openings 开孔补强Flat spots on formed heads 成型封头上的平坦部分Flued openings 翻边开孔Forged parts, small 锻造部件，小的Forged vessels 锻造容器localized thin areas 局部薄壁区Forgings 锻件identification of 识别Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Formmanufacturer’s data report 制造厂数据报告格式partial report 零部件数据报告Formed heads 成型封头flued openings in 封头上翻边开孔insertion of, welded vessels 插入，焊接容器joint efficiency 接头系数knuckle radius 转角半径length of skirt 直边长度on welded vessels 在焊接容器上reinforcement for openings 开孔补强ends of shell plates and buttstraps 壳体板和对接搭板端forged heads 锻造封头shell sections and heads 筒节和封头Furnaces 炉子temperatures for postweld head treatment 焊后热处理温度Furnaces for heat treating 热处理炉temperature control of 炉温控制Galvanized vessels 镀锌容器Gasket materials 垫片材料Girth joints (see circumferential joints) 环缝接头(见环向接头)Handhole and manhole openings 手孔和人孔开孔Head flange (skirt) length 封头翻边(直边)长度Head joints 封头接头Head openings 封头开孔entirely in spherical portion 全部在球体部分Head joints 封头接头concave and convex 凹面和凸面flat (see flat heads) 平板(见平封头) forged 锻造的formed (see Formed heads) 成型的(见成形封头)forming 面型thickness, after forming 厚度，成型之后Heads, design, conical 封头，设计，锥形ellipsoidal 椭圆形hemispherical 半球形spherically dished 球状碟形toriconical 带折边的锥形torispherical 带折边的球形torispherical, knuckle radius 带折边的球形，转角半径heads and shells 封头和壳体external pressure, out-of-roundness 外压，不圆度openings through or near welded joints 通过或靠近焊缝处的开孔roundness tolerance 不圆度公差Heat exchangers 热交换器Heat treatment 热处理by fabricator 由制造厂进行carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器forged vessels 锻造容器furnaces 炉子high-alloy vessels 高合金容器of test specimens 试样的热处理verification tests of 热处理验证试验Hemispherical heads 半球形封头High pressure vessels 高压封头Holes 小孔for screw stays 用于螺丝固定for trepanning plug sections, refilling 用于穿孔螺塞部分，再填充telltale 指示孔unreinforced, in welded joints 不补强，在焊缝上Hubs, on flanges 高颈，在法兰上Hydrostatic proof tests 水压验证试验destructive 破坏性prior pressure application 在升压之前Hydrostatic test 水压试验cast iron vessels 铸铁容器combined with pneumatic 与气压试验混合的enameled vessels 搪玻璃容器external pressure vessels 外压容器galvanized vessels 镀锌容器standard 标准welded vessels 焊接容器Identification 识别of forging 锻件of plates 平板Identification markers, radiographs 识别标志，射线照相Impact test 冲击试验certification 证明before assembling 组装之前carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器during fabrication 在制造期间ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器fitting up 组对forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment, forgings 热处理，锻件high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器magnetic particle 磁粉nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理pressure vessels, accessibility 压力容器，可达性quality control 质量管理sectioning of welded joints 焊接接头的剖面检验spot examination 抽样检查steel castings 铸钢件surfaces exposed and component parts 暴露的表面和元件部分test specimens 试样vessels exempted from 免检容器welded vessels 焊接容器inspection openings 检查孔Inspectors 检查师access to plant 在厂内应有的便利control of stamping 打印管理duties 职责facilities 装备qualification 资格pressure-relieving devices 泄压装置pressure vessel 压力容器Integral cast iron dished heads 整体铸铁碟形封头integrally finned tubes 整体翅片管Internal structures 内部构件Jacketed vessels 夹套容器circumferential (see Circumferential joints) efficiency, brazed 环缝(见环向接头)系数，钎焊welded 焊接electric resistance, butt welding 电阻，对接焊in cladding and applied linings 在覆层及衬里in vessels subjected to external pressure 在承受外压的容器lap (see Lap joints) 搭接(见搭接接头) longitudinal (see Longitudinal joints) 纵向(见纵向接头)tube-to-tubesheet 管子对管板Jurisdictional Review 权限审查Knuckles 过渡圆角radius 半径transition section 变径段Lap joints 搭接接头amount of overlap 搭接量longitudinal under external pressure 在外压作用下纵向的Laws Covering Pressure Vessels 涉及压力容器的法规Lethal gases or liquids 致命的气体或液体Ligaments, efficiency of 孔带，系数Limitation on welded vessels 焊接容器的限制Limit of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度的限制Linings 衬里corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Loadings 载荷Local postweld heat treatment 局部焊后热处理Longitudinal joints 纵向接头alignment tolerance 对准公差brazing 钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Low-temperature operation 低温操作Low-temperature vessels brazed 低温容器，钎焊for gases and liquids 用于气体和液体impact test requirements 冲击试验要求impact test, when not required 冲击试验，当不要求时marking 标志testing of materials 材料试验Lugs for ladders, platforms, and other 梯子，平台及其它附件的支耳Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉检查Manholes, and handholes 人孔，手孔cover plate for 盖板minimum vessel diameter requiring 所需最小容器直径Manufacture, responsibility of 制造者，职责Manufacturer’s Data Report (see Data Report) 制造厂数据报告(见数据报告) Manufacturer’s stamps 制造厂的印记Marking castings 标志，铸件standard pressure parts 标志受压件valves and fittings 阀门和配件with Code symbol 带有规范符号Markings, transfer after cutting plates 标志，板材切割以后的转移Materials, approval of new 材料，新材料的批准approval of repairs 修补的批准brazed vessels 钎焊容器carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁castings 铸铁cast iron vessels 铸铁容器certification 合格证clad vessels 覆层容器combination of 组合材料ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器for nonpressure parts 非受压元件heat treatment of 热处理high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器inspection of 检查nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器pipe and tube 管子rods and bars 杆和棒specification for 标准standard pressure, parts 标准受压元件unidentified 未鉴别的use of over thickness listed in Section Ⅱ采用超过列于第Ⅱ卷表中的厚度welded vessels 焊接容器Measurement, 测量dimensional 尺寸of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度Metal temperature determination 金属温度，确定control of 控制Mill undertolerance 钢厂负公差控制Minimum thickness of plate 板材的最小厚度控制Miscellaneous pressure parts 其它受压件控制Multichamber vessels design 多承压室容器，设计Multiple duplicate vessels 多个相同的容器Multiple safety valves 多个安全阀Nameplates 铭牌New materials 新材料Noncircular vessels 非圆形容器ligament efficiency 孔带系数nomenclature 术语obround design 长圆形设计rectangular design 矩形设计reinforcement 补强Nonpressure parts, attachment of 非受压元件的连接Notch ductility test 缺口韧性试验Nozzle openings, reinforced 接管开孔，补强的unreinforced 非补强的vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压得容器Nozzles attachment of to shell 接管，与壳体的连接minimum thickness of neck 缩颈的最小厚度(see also Connections)(也可见连接件)Nuts and washers 螺母和垫圈Offset of edges of plates at joints 在接头处板边的偏差Openings adjacent to welds 开孔，邻近焊缝closure of 封闭for connections to brazed vessels 用于对钎焊容器的连接for drainage 用于排放head (see Openings head and shell) 封头(见开孔，封头和壳体)in flat heads 在平板封头上inspection 检查manhole (see Manholes) 人孔(见人孔) nozzle (see Nozzle opening) 接管(见接管开孔) shell (see Openings, head and shell) 壳体(见开孔，封头和壳体)through welded joints 通过焊接接头Openings, head and shell, computation of 开孔，封头和壳体，计算not requiring additional reinforcement 不需要附加补强reinforced, size 补强，尺寸reinforcement for adjacent openings 邻近开孔的补强reinforcement of 补强requiring additional reinforcement 需要附加补强shapes permissible 许用形式unreinforced, size 不补强的，尺寸Outlets, discharge, pressure relieving devices 排放口，出料，泄压装置Out-of-roundness 不圆度Overpressure limit for vessels 容器的超压极限Partial data report, manufacturer’s 零部件数据报告，制造厂的Parts, miscellaneous 部件，各种各样的Peening 捶击Pipe connections openings for 管子的连接，用于开孔Pipe fittings vessels built of 管子配件，制造的容器Pipe and tubes 各类管子Pipe used for shells 用作壳体的管子piping external to vessel 容器外的管子Plate, curvature 板，曲率measurement, dimensional check 测量，尺寸校核Plate edges cutting 板边，切割exposed left unwelded 留下不予焊接的显露部分inspection of 检查Plates 平板alignment 找准cover 盖板cutting 切割forming 成型heat treatment 热处理identification 标志impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查laying out 划线less than 6 mm thickness 厚度小6mm markings transfer after cutting 标志，在切割以后的转移minimum thickness 最小厚度repair of defects 缺陷修理specifications 标准structural carbon steel 结构碳钢Plug welds 塞焊Pneumatic test 气压试验pressure 压力yielding 屈服Porosity welded joints 气孔，焊接接头Porosity charts 气孔图Postheat treatment 后热处理connections for nozzles and attachments 用于接管和附件的连接cooling after 随后的冷却furnace temperature 炉温local 局部requirements 要求temperature range 温度范围welded vessels 焊接容器Preheating 预热Preparation of plates for welding 焊接板材的准备pressure, design 压力，设计limits 极限(see also Working pressure, allowable) (也可见工作压力，许用)Pressure parts miscellaneous 受压件，其它的Pressure relieving devices 泄压装置discharge 排放installation and operation 安装和运转rupture disks 防爆模setting 整定Pressure vessels 压力容器exempted from inspection 免检Produce form of Specification 产品技术条件Proof test hydrostatic (see Hydrostatic proof test) 验证试验，水压(见水压试验)Qualification 评定of welding procedure 焊接工艺Quality Control System 质量保证体系Quenching and tempering 淬火及回火Quick-actuating closures 快开盖Radiograph factor 射线照相系数Radiographing 射线照相examination by 检查partial 部分quality factors 质量系数requirements 要求spot examination 抽样检查retests 重新试验thickness, mandatory minimum 规定最小厚度Radiographs, acceptance by inspector 射线照相，由检查员认为合格gamma rays, radium capsule γ射线，装镭的盒子interpretation by standard procedure 由标准程序的说明rounded indications 圆形显示Reaming holes for screw stays 为固定螺钉用的铰孔Reducer sections, rules for 变径段，规程Reinforcement 补强defined limits 规定的范围head and shell openings 封头及壳体开孔large openings 大开孔multiple openings 多个开孔nozzle openings 接管开孔of openings in shells, computation of 壳体上开孔，计算openings subject to rapid pressure fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔Fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔strength 强度Relief devices 泄放装置(see also Pressure relieving devices, Safety and relief Valves)(也可见泄压装置，安全阀和泄压阀)Relieving capacity of safety valves 安全阀排量Repairs, approval of defects in material 修理，材料中缺陷的认可defective Brazing 有缺陷的钎焊defects in forgings 锻件中的缺陷defects in welds 焊缝中的缺陷Responsibility of manufacturer 制造者的职责Retention of Records 记录的保存Radiographs 射线照相Manufacturer’s Data Reports 制造厂的数据报告Retests, frogings 复试，锻件impact specimens 冲击试样joints, welded 接头，焊接Rods, bars, and shapes 杆棒喝型材Rolled parts, small 轧制件，小件Rupture disks 爆破模safety relief, and pressures relief valves, adjustable blow down, capacity certification 安全泄放和泄压阀，可调节的泄放，排放量证明capacity, conversion 排量，换算connection to vessels 连接至容器construction 结构discharge pipe 排放管indirect operation 间接操作installation 安装installation on vessels in service 容器在役时的安装liquid relief 液体泄放marking 标志minimum requirements 最低要求pressure setting 压力整定spring loaded 受载弹簧springs, adjustment 弹簧，调节stop valves adjacent to 邻近的截止阀protective devices 防护装置for unfired steam boiler 对非直接火蒸气锅炉Scope 适用范围sectioning, closing holes left by 解剖，解剖孔的封闭etching plugs taken 解剖样的侵蚀examination by 检查Service restriction 使用限制Shapes, special 形状，特殊Shell plates, forming ends of 壳体用材料，封头成型allowable working pressure 许用工作压力computation of openings in 开孔计算forming 成型made from pipe 由管子制造的stiffening rings 刚性环Transition section 过渡段Sigma-phase formation σ相的形成Skirts length on heads 直边、封头上的长度support of vessels 裙座，容器支撑Slag inclusion welds 焊缝中的夹渣Special constructions 特殊结构Specification for materials 材料标准Spherical sections of vessels 容器的球形部分Spot examination of welded joints 焊接接头的抽样检查Springs for safety valves 安全阀的弹簧Stamping location of 打印位置multipressure vessels 多重压力容器omission of 省略safety valves 安全阀with Code symbol 带有规范标记Stamps, certificate of authorization 钢印，授权low stress 低压力not to be covered 不应覆盖to be visible on plates 在板上可见Static head, in setting safety valves, effect of onlimiting stresses 静压头，在整定安全阀时，影响，对极限应力Stayed surfaces 支撑表面Staying formed heads 成型封头的支撑Stays and staybolts, adjacent to edges of staybolted surface 支撑件及拉撑螺栓，邻近用螺栓拉撑得表面周边处allowable stress 许用应力area supported 支撑面dimensions 尺寸ends 端部location 位置pitch 节距screw, holes for 螺孔upset for threading 为车制螺纹的镦粗welded 焊接的Steam generating vessels, unfired 蒸汽锅炉，非直接火Steel, carbon content 钢，含碳量Stenciling plates for identification 在板材上打印标志Stiffening rings, attachment to shell 刚性环，和壳体的装配for vessels under external pressure 用于外压容器Stiffness, support of large vessels for 刚性，大容器支座Stop valves 截止阀adjacent to safety and relief valves 邻近于安全和泄压阀Strength of brazed joints 钎焊接头的强度Stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀裂缝Stress values, attachment weld 应力值，连接焊缝basis for establishing 确定的基础carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体刚high-alloy steel高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属Stud bolt threads 双头螺栓螺纹Studded connections 双头螺纹连接Supplementary design formulas 补充设计公式Supports, design 支座，设计temperature free movement under 在温度下活动不受约束types of steel permissible for 容许的钢材类型vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Surface Weld Metal Buildup 金属堆焊表面Tables, effective gasket width b 表，有效垫片宽度bgasket materials and contact facings 垫片材料和接触面maximum allowable efficiencies for arc and gas welded joints 电弧焊和气焊接头的最大许用系数minimum number of pipe threads for connections 管螺纹连接的最少螺纹牙数molecular weights of gases and vapors 气体和蒸汽的分子量of stress values, carbon and low-alloy steel 应力值，碳钢和低合金钢cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢high-alloy steel 高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属welded carbon low-alloy pipe and tubes 焊接低合金碳钢管of values factor Ｋ系数Ｋ值factor M 系数Ｍfactor 系数postweld heat treatment requirements 焊后热处理要求recommended temperature ranges for heat treatment 推荐的热处理温度范围spherical radius factor K1 球半径系数K1 Telltale holes 指示孔in opening reinforcement 开孔补强Temperature, definitions 温度，定义determination 确定free movement of vessel on supports 支座上的容器活动不受约束heat treatment 热处理limitations, of brazed vessels 限制，钎焊容器of cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁of postweld heat treating 焊后热处理metal, control of 金属，控制operating or working, definitions 操作或工作，定义zones of different 不同区域Termination point of a vessel 容器的界限点Test coupons 试样Test gages requirements 试验仪表，要求Test plates heat treatment 试板，热处理impact test 冲击试验Tests, hydrostatic proof 试验，水压验证pneumatic (see pneumatic test) 气压，见气压试验vessels whose strength cannot be calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器Thermal buffers 热缓冲器Thermocouples attachment 热电偶，安装Thickness gages, details 厚度量规，细节Thick shells, cylindrical 厚壳体，圆柱形spherical 球形Thin plates marking 薄板，标志Threaded connection 螺纹连接Threaded inspection openings 螺纹检查孔Threads, stud bolts 螺纹，双头螺栓Tolerances, forged shells and heads 公差，锻造容器及封头Toriconical heads 带折边的锥形封头Torispherical heads 带折边的球形封头Transfering marking on plates 板上标志的移植Transition in cylindrical shells 柱状壳体的过渡Trays and baffles, acting as partial shell stiffeners 塔盘及挡板，作为部分壳体加强圈Tubes and pipe 管子Tube-to-tubesheet joints 管子与管板的连接Ultrasonic examination of welds 焊缝的超声检验UM vessels UM 容器Unfired steam boiler 非直接火蒸汽锅炉Unidentified materials 未识别的材料Valves, connections 阀，连接safety and relief (see safety and relief valves) 安全和泄压装置Valves and fittings, marking 阀及其配件，标志Verification tests, heat treatment 验证试验，热处理Volume exemption 容器的免检Weld deposits, cleaning 焊接熔敷金属，清理peening 捶击Welded joints, category 焊接接头，类别description of types 类型的描述efficiency 焊缝系数impact test, across 冲击试验，横向postweld heat treating 焊后热处理radiographic examination, complete 射线照相检查，整个的rounded indications 圆形显示sectioning, etch test 解剖，侵蚀试验spot examination 抽样检查staggered, longitudinal 错开，轴向taper, plates of unequal thicknesses 锥度，不等厚板types around openings 类型，环绕开孔ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Welded reinforcement of nozzle openings 接管开孔的焊缝补强holes in joints of 接头处的孔limitations on 限制Welders and welding operators 焊工和自动焊工identifying stamps 识别标记records of, by manufacturers 由制造厂所作的记录test of qualification 评定试验cleaning of welded surfaces 焊件表面清理details, limitations 细节，限制forged vessels 锻造容器materials having different coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数不同的材料of attachment around openings 开孔周围的连接plate, fitting up joints 平板，连接处的装配plate edges, matching 板边，匹配preparation of plates 钣材的制备procedure qualification 工艺评定processes 工艺Weld metal, composition 焊缝金属，成分Welds acceptability, when radiographed 焊缝合格，用射线照相时when sectioned 解剖时fillet 填角identification of 识别reinforcement, butt welds 补强，对接焊repairs of defects in 焊缝中缺陷的修补sharp angles, avoid at weld edges 尖角，避免在焊缝边上types, description 类型，描述ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Working pressure allowable, braced and stayed surfaces 许用工作压力，有拉撑和支撑表面by proof test 验证性试验。