2013年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷(真题)

2013湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷
生物
参考答案及评分标准
第Ⅰ卷（1～40题，每小题1分，共40分）
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案 B D B A B D C A C D B B C C D 题号16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C A B B B D C B C A B A A A
B
题号31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A C C D B C A D B D
第Ⅱ卷（41～47题，共60分）
41.（8分，每空1分）
⑴细胞膜细胞壁⑵氨基酸核糖体核仁
⑶中心体⑷线粒体
42.（12分，每空2分）
⑴变蓝⑵催化(降低活化能) ⑶温度
⑷专一⑸ pH(酸碱度) ⑹ (见右图)
43.（8分，每空1分）
⑴圆粒3：1 3/8(6/16) ⑵①②③(选两项给满分)
⑶①Yr ②YyRr ③绿色圆粒⑷等位
44.（8分，每空1分）
⑴中心⑵ (DNA的)复制翻译
⑶……TGCCTA…………UGCCUA…… 2 2 ⑷蛋白质
45.（8分，每空1分）
⑴一特异性⑵抗体体液免疫靶细胞免疫
⑶ T ⑷更多
46.（8分，每空1分）
⑴生产者消费者⑵光合呼吸(分解) ⑶ CO
2CO
2
⑷能量流动物质循环(两空顺序可颠倒)
47.（8分，每空2分）
⑴ B ⑵ A ⑶ C ⑷ D 0
温度
淀
粉
酶
活
性
1。

2013年湖南高考英语试题（文字版）2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)英语PartⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A(22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For ea ch conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choi ces marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each que stion.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. Where is the man going?A. Kennedy.B. London.C. New York.2. When should the man arrive at the airport?A. By 8:15.B. By 9:00.C. By 9:25.Conversation 23. What is the woman doing?A. Taking a taxi.B. Doing shopping.C. Waiting for the man.4. Where are the two speakers going to meet?A. At home.B. In a shop.C. In a restaurant.Conversation 35. What is the woman looking for?A. A pan.B. Carrots.C. Tomatoes.6. What will the speakers probably have tonight?A. French fries.B. Noodles.C. Fried chicken. Conversation 47. What will the project focus on?A. A dog.B. A fish.C. A cat.8. What can we know about John?A. He has conducted the survey.B. He is making cards now.C. He will do the introduction.9. Who can handle the summarizing?A. Carol.B. Tom.C. Mary. Conversation 510. What can we know about the woman‟s vacation?A. She will stay on the beaches.B. She will go camping in the jungle.C. She will spend 3 weeks in South Africa.11. Which does the woman need to bring?A. A map.B. A tent.C. Some clothes.12. Who will prepare the meals?A. The man.B. The guide.C. The woman. Conversation 613. What are the two speakers doing?A. Discussing a lecture.B. Visiting a museum.C. Attending a party.14. Which job has Jane applied for?A. Salesgirl.B. Waitress.C. Volunteer.15. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Classmates.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.How to Speak English 16. ___________I. Speak oftenThe more often you speak, the 17. ___________ it becomesII. Relax & 18. ___________ the message● Don’t focus on the grammar rules only.● Talk about something 19. ___________.III. Practise what you want to saySpeak to 20. ___________ a few times.Part II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marke d A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their o wn strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which22. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ________ president,” said t he boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ___ you reach any decision.A. althoughB. beforeC. becauseD. unless24. Around two o‟clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ___ _____ us.A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed26. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done27. —Have you heard about the recent election?—Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you m ay be to victory.A. howB. thatC. whichD. where29. You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.A. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered30. Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for mi dnight so I couldrefill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay32. He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea unt il he had caught it.A. wouldn‟tB. shouldn‟tC. couldn‟tD. mustn‟t33. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year,which ________ a burden for some of them.A. are；isB. are；areC. is；areD. is；is34. —I don‟t understand why you didn‟t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.—had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing35. Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his cl ass.A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occurSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases m arked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the co ntext.When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase 36 and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I‟m leaving.”“If you want to 37 , that‟s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home with out anything and you can leave the same way.” I 38 my suitcase and sandwiches on th e floor heavily and started for the door again.“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “I want your 39 back. You didn‟t wear anything whe n you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes, socks, underwear an d all—and 40 , “Can I go now?” “Yes,” Mom answered, “but once you close that door, don‟t expect to come back.”I was so 41 that I slammed (砰地关上) the door and stepped out on the front por ch. 42 I realized that I was outside, with nothing on. Then I noticed that down the stre et, two neighbor girls were walking toward our house. I ran to 43 behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was 44 the girls had passed by. I dashed to the fro nt door and banged on it loudly.“Who‟s there?” I heard.“It‟s Billy! Let me in!”The voice behind the 45 answered, “Billy doesn‟t live here anymore. He ran away from home.” Glancing behind me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw, c‟m on, Mom! I‟m 46 your son. Let me in!”The door inched open and Mom‟s smiling face appeared. “Did you change your 47 about running away?” she asked.“What‟s for supper?” I answered.(277 words)36. A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired37. A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away38. A. pressed B. shook C. threw D. pulled39. A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase40. A. explained B. suggested C. continued D. shouted41. A. angry B. sorry C. frightened D. ashamed42. A. Certainly B. Naturally C. Suddenly D. Possibly43. A. play B. bide C. rest D. wave44. A. sure B. proud C. eager D. curious45. A. house B. tree C. door D. yard46. A. also B. still C. even D. already47. A. conclusion B. promise C. concern D. decisionSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of tr ash tied together with string. “48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 49 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a Califor nia businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball cal led the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It‟s lightweigh t, it‟s flexible, and—52 important—it holds its shape.The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 won‟t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested, 54 withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed o n by a lion.Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it‟s been given to kids in 143 countries.(15 4 words)Part III Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several q uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the pa ssage.APlanning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase th e cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost 1 69.15 at . A week later, the same room cost 118.15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid—or you‟re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as , which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAYAWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more fo r the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Don‟t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in adv ance, the cheapest room a t Travelodge‟s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 7 5.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just 62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinbur gh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an al ternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the histori c O‟Neill Flat on Edinburgh‟s Royal Mile, available for 420 for five days in late Septem ber, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKE London‟s …Boris bikes‟ have attracted the most attention, but othe r cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around 1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or 5 per day). (3 58 words)56. The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may ______.A. help travelers pass timeB. attract lots of travelers to the UKC. allow travelers to make flexible plansD. cause travelers to pay more for accommodation57. “Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably __________.A. a hotel away from the train stationB. the tube line to Covent GardenC. an ideal holiday destinationD. the name of a travel agency58. The passage shows that the O‟Neill Flat __________.A. lies on the ground floorB. is located in central LondonC. provides cooking facilities for touristsD. costs over 100 on average per day in late September59. Cardiff‟s program allows a free bike for a maximum period of __________.A. half an hourB. one hourC. one hour and a halfD. two hours60. The main purpose of the passage is __________.A. to tell visitors how to book in advanceB. to supply visitors with hotel informationC. to show visitors the importance of self-helpD. to offer visitors some money-saving tipsBIn my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where y ou are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, w hen I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroo m of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloom ed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school In Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mo untain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by t his drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking an d the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Up on arriving at Dorothy‟s classroom. I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a qu een. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me wi th a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunc h). In case you don‟t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especiall y on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required t o receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only ste ak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. A fter the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (360 words)61. “Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.A. a program directed by DorothyB. a course given by the authorC. an activity held by the studentsD. an organization sponsored by Union college62. In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.A. the long trackB. the poor housesC. the same trainD. the winding road63. Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.A. a warm welcomeB. the sight of poke greensC. Dorothy‟s latest projectsD. a big dinner made for her64. What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.C. She passed the required assessment.D. She received her Ph. D. degree.65. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.C. However poor you are, you have the right to education,D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.CIt‟s such a happy-looking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm-tree stickers an d sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, i t‟s pedestrian-friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach cou ntry Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.It‟s a library built with love.A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Litt le Free Library organization, a Wisconsin-based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy an d build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she a nnounced to her family of four, “That‟s what we‟re going to do for our spring break!”Son Austin, now a 10th-gra der, didn‟t see the point of building a library that resembl es a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51-year -old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he‟d built year s earlier for daughter Abbie‟s toy horses, and made a door of glass.After adding the library‟s final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the fr ont, instructing users to “take a book, return a book,” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.They stocked it with 20 or so books they‟d already read, a mix of science fiction, re ference titles, novels and kids‟ favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not s ee it again,” said Janey, a stay-at-home mom.Since then, the collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.The project‟s best payoff, says Peter, are the thank-you notes left behind. “We had n o idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”(317 words)66. In what way is the library “pedestrian-friendly”?A. It owns a yellow roof.B. It stands near a sidewalk.C. It protects book lovers from the sun.D. It uses palm-tree stickers as decorations.67. Janey got the idea to build a library from __________.A. a visit to Brian WilliamsB. a spring break with her familyC. a book sent by one of her neighborsD. a report on a Wisconsin-based organization68. The library was built __________.A. by a ship supply companyB. on the basis of toy horsesC. like a mailboxD. with glass69. What can we infer about the signboard?A. It was made by a user of the library.B. It marked a final touch to the library.C. It aimed at making the library last long.D. It indicated the library was a family property.70. The passage tells us that the users __________.A. donate books to the libraryB. get paid to collect books for the libraryC. receive thank-you notes for using the libraryD. visit the library over 5 times on average dailyPart IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the infor mation from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.While there is no widely accepted definition of MOOCs, their key features are open access：they are currently free to participants, no entry qualifications are required, they sup port an unlimited number of participants and as yet, very few include any form of accredi tation (认证).Currently offered by some famous universities, MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial resources to meet the growing costs of university education, or who do not have formal qualifications. They also allow participants to study at their own pace.The potential for MOOCs to deliver education is obviously vast—they could be consi dered as a huge step forwards in widening participation. They also have the potential to p rovide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses, they may attract some participants to register for formal fee-paying programmes at the same or oth er universities and are likely to promote new ways of on-line education.However, it is still very early days for MOOCs. The quality of the education provisi on is highly variable, with many courses offering only recordings of lectures, and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields that require practical classes, research projec ts or extensive library access. Besides, wider engagement with participants requires very c onsiderable resource. Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.Considering the challenges, some people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate (蒸发). B ut they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education, are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands, and are w ell worthy of serious consideration. (271 words)● free participation at present● 72. _________ for entry qualifications● sup port of countless participants● rare inclusion of accreditation● being attractive to peoplewho 73. _________ university education orwho have 74. _________● being flexible in the study pace● widening participation significantly● 76. _________ a unique window on universities● attracting students to register for formal progarmmes● promoting on-line educationKey featuresAttractions75. _________77. _________● highly variable quality of the education provision● 78. _________ of some special courses● demand for very considerable resourceThe future● uncertaintypossibly 79._________● certaintywidening higher educationraising awareness of universitiesbeing well worth 80. _________ seriouslyTitle：71. _____Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the informati on given in the passage.“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice ProjectA few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experi ment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project asmutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. Shesays that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavyissues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podellbelieves that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people withperspective.I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)81. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 w ords) (2 marks)______________________________________________________________________________ 82. What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)_____________________________________________________________________________ 83. According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)_______________________________________________________________________________ ____84. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks)____________________________________________________________________________ Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.请以下列词语为关键词写一篇英语短文。

2013年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲英语语法、词汇附录附件一语法项目表1．名词（1)可数名词及其单复数（2)不可数名词（3)专有名词（4)名词所有格2．代词（1)人称代词（2)物主代词（3)反身代词（4)指示代词（5)不定代词（6)疑问代词3．数词（1)基数词（2)序数词4．介词和介词短语5．连词6．形容词（比较级和最高级)7．副词（比较级和最高级) 8．冠词9．动词（1)动词的基本形式（2)及物动词和不及物动词（3)系动词（4)助动词（5)情态动词10．时态（1)一般现在时（2)一般过去时（3)一般将来时（4)现在进行时（5)过去进行时（6)过去将来时（7)将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9)过去完成时（10)现在完成进行时11．被动语态12．非谓语动词（1)动词不定式（2)动词的-ing形式（3)动词的-ed形式13．构词法（1)合成法（2)派生法（3)转化法（4)缩写和简写14．句子种类（1)陈述句（2)疑问句（3)祈使句（4)感叹句15．句子成分（1)主语（2)谓语（3)表语（4)宾语（5）定语（6)状语（7)补语16．简单句的基本句型17．主谓一致18．并列复合句19．主从复合句（1)宾语从句（2)状语从句（3)定语从句（4)主语从句（5)表语从句20．间接引语21．省略*22．倒装*23．强调*24．虚拟语气*注：* 表示只要求理解，不要求掌握附件二短语表Aa bit (of) 有一点a few 有些，几个a good / great amount / deal of 大量，许多a kind of 一种a little 有点儿，一点儿a lot (of) 许多，大量a number of 一些，许多a pair / piece / set of 一双/ 张（块，根，片，只)/ 套according to 根据……，按照……add up to 合计达……add to 使增强，使增加，使扩大after all 毕竟agree with 同意，与……一致ahead of time 提早，提前aim at 瞄准，针对all kinds of 各种各样的all of a sudden 突然，猛地all over 遍及all right 行了，好吧，（某人)病好了all along 与……一起and so on 等等appeal to 迎合，对……有吸引力arrive at / in 到达as ... as…像……一样的……as a matter of fact 事实上as a result（作为)结果as a whole 总体上as for 至于as if / though 好像，似乎as long as 只要as soon as 一……就as to 至于，关于as usual 和往常一样as well as 以及，还有ask for 请求，要aside from 除……之外at a speed of / at full speed 以…...的速度/ 全速at first 首先，起初at home 在家at last 最后at least 至少at (the) most 最多at noon / night / midnight / dawn 在正午/晚上 / 半夜 / 黎明at one time 一度，曾经at present 目前，当前at the age of 在…...岁的时候at the end of 在……的末端Bbase …on 把……建立于……基础之上be able to 能够……；得以……be absorbed in 全神贯注于be accused of 被控告犯有……罪be afraid of 害怕……be amazed at 惊异于be angry with 对…...生气be ashamed of 因……而感到惭愧be aware of 知道，明白，意识到be based on 以……为基础, 以……为根据be bored with 对……感到厌倦be born 出生；出世be / get burnt out 耗尽体力, 累垮be busy with / doing 忙于做……be careful with 小心，当心be concerned with / about / for 对……关心（关注或感兴趣）/ 担心be connected to 与……相连接be consistent with 与……一致be curious about 对……好奇be desperate / dying for 渴望be different from 不同于be embarrassed about 对……感到难堪be famous for 因……著名be filled with 充满be fit for 适合...…be fond of 喜爱be friendly to 对……友好be frozen with 由于……而呆住be full of 充满be good at / for / to 擅长；在……方面做得好 / 对……有益处 / 对……友好be hard on 对……苛刻，对……要求严格be in control掌管，控制be intended to 旨在be interested in 对……感兴趣be known as 以……知名be late for 因……迟到be linked to 和……有联系的，和……有关联的be mad at sb. 对某人生气be made from 由……制成，由……做成be made of 由……制作，用……做的be made up of由……组成，由……构成be meant to旨在，目的是be proud of 为……感到骄傲或自豪be related to 和……相关，和……有联系be responsible for 对……负责be satisfied with 对……感到满意be set in 以……为背景be similar to 与……相似be strict with 对……要求严格be supposed to 应该……，应当……be surprised at 对……感到惊讶be trapped in 被困在be used to 对……习以为常，习惯于，适应because of 因为before long 不久；不久以后begin with 以……开始believe in 信仰；信任belong to 属于borrow… f rom 向……借……both…and 两者都，既……又break down 损坏; 坏掉break one’s word / promise 食言，不守承诺，背信弃义break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发bring in 引来，引进，吸收bring up 教育，培养by accident / chance 偶然，意外地by air / bus / train / ship / camel 乘坐飞机/公共汽车/火车/轮船/骑骆驼by mistake 由于疏忽所致，错误地by the way 顺便问一下；附带说说Ccall on 拜访call sb. names 骂人call up 打电话给……，打电话can’t helping doing禁不住做某事，忍不住做某事can’t stand (doing) sth. 不能忍受（做)某事can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事care about 喜欢；关心，担心care for 喜欢；照顾，照料(病人)，关心carry out 实施，执行，进行catch up with 赶上，追上check in 报到，登记（住宿)check out结帐，查明，cheer up 使振奋，使高兴起来clean up 打扫干净close down / to 关闭，使停业，使倒闭close to靠近，接近come / run across 偶遇，遭遇，发现come down with 患(病）come from 来自come on 加油，快点come true（梦想）实现come up with 提出，想出compare to 把……比作compare with 与……相比complain about 抱怨concentrate on 集中在，专心于consist of 由……组成，由……构成contribute to 贡献；有助于，是…...的成因之一cut back on 削减，缩减，减少cut in 插入Dday and night 整天，昼夜deal with 处理，对付，对待declare war against 向…...宣战depend on / upon 视……而定，决定于die from 死于differ from 和……不同，不同于divide…into把……分成do good / harm to 对…...有益/ 危害do one’s part 尽自己的职责do some cleaning / shopping 打扫卫生/ 买东西do well in 在……做得好do with 处理，处臵donate …to把…...捐赠给dozens of 许多，很多dream of 梦想drop in (on / at) 顺便走访（某人 / 某地)due to 由于，因为Eeach other 互相either…or 或者……或者end up 以……告终enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，享受even if / though 即使Ffall asleep 入睡fall for 上……的当，受……的骗，对……信以为真fall ill 患病，病倒fall out（头发等）脱落far from远离feed on 以……为主食，吃feel guilty about 因为…...感到内疚feel like (doing) sth. 想要做某事figure out 想出，理解，明白；计算出，演算出fill in / out 填充fill…with 用……填充find out 弄清楚，查明first of all 首先focus (one’s attention) on 集中（注意力）于，关注follow in one’s footprints 效仿某人for example 例如for free 免费for sale 供出售，待销售from now / then on 从今以后/ 那时起from…to 从……到Gget / keep in touch with 与…...取得/ 保持联系get along / on with 与……相处get back 返回来get in 收获，进入，达到get into shape 强身健体get into trouble 陷入困境（因做某事而招致不幸或处罚等）get off / on 下/上（车）get sth. across 把某事传达get through 通过，拨通（电话）get together 聚会，联欢get up 起来give away 赠送；颁发；泄露（秘密）give in 屈服，让步give out分发；发出（光、声音、气味等）give up (on sb.) 放弃或抛弃某人，对某人失望glance at 扫视go ahead 先走；干吧，干下去go for a walk 散步go home 回家go off（闹钟）闹响go on diets / a diet 节食go on (with sth. / doing / to do) 继续某事 / 继续做某事 / 接着做另一件事go out 出去，（火）熄灭go over 复习，仔细检查go through 浏览，通过go to a movie 去看电影go to bed / school / hospital / church 去睡觉/ 上学/ 看病/ 做礼拜grow up 成长，长大Hhad better 最好hand in 上交，交纳hand out 分发，发放hang on（在逆境中）坚持hang up 挂断电话happen to sb. 某人发生（某事）have a cold / headache 患感冒/ 头疼have a fight with 与……打仗或打架have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快have a look / talk 看一看，谈一谈have a party / class 举行晚会/ 上课have a word with sb. 和某人谈谈have an effect on 对…...有影响have breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner 用早餐/ 中餐/ 晚餐/ 晚餐（正餐）have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快have something / nothing to do with sb. 与某人有/ 没有关系have to 不得不，必须hear about / of 听说hear from 收到……的来信help oneself to 随便吃点help… with 帮助……做how about …怎么样？（用以询问消息、提供建议或征询意见）how far 多远how long 多久how many 多少（后接可数名词的复数）how much 多少（后接不可数名词）how often 多久一次how old 多大年纪，几岁hurry up 赶快，快点Iin a hurry 匆忙（地）in a mess 乱成一团in a word 一句话，简言之in addition 另外in advance 提前in agreement with 赞同in case 万一in charge 负责，掌管in class / hospital 上课/ 住院in fact / reality 事实上，实际上in favour of 赞同，支持in front of 在…...前面in general 一般说来, 大体上in good condition 处于良好的状态in harmony with 与…...和谐in honour of 纪念……，向……表示敬意，欢迎……in memory of 纪念in my opinion 在我看来，依我看in no time 立刻，很快in order to 为了，以便in particular 尤其，特别in praise of 赞扬in public 当众，公开（地）in return 作为回报in secret 秘密地in sight 看得到，在视力范围之内in silence 沉默地in the dark 在黑暗中in the end 最后in the form of 以……的形式in the long run / term 从长远角度看in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早晨/ 在上午/ 在下午/ 在晚上in the world（表示强调）究竟，到底in trouble 有麻烦，处于困难中in use 使用中inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事in / with regard to 关于，至于insist on (doing) sth. 坚持（做），坚持认为instead of 代替，而不是……Jjoin in 参加just now 刚才，此刻，眼下Kkeep ... under control 控制住，使……处于控制之下keep / stop / prevent sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人做某事keep doing 继续做keep fit 保持健康keep off 勿踏，勿踩keep one’s promise / word 守信keep pace with 步调一致，与……同步keep…under control 使...…处于控制之下kind of 有点儿，稍微knock on / at 敲Llast but not least 最后但同样重要的是later on 以后，随后laugh at 笑话，取笑（某人）lead the way 领头lead to 通往；导致（结果）learn from 向……学习leave a message 留口信lend…to把……借给less than 少于let off 排放lift up 拿起，举起like crazy 发疯似地，拼命地listen to 听live one’s dream 实现梦想look after 照顾，照看look at 看look back (on) 回忆，回顾look for 寻找look forward to 期望，盼望look into 调查，检查look like 看起来像look out 留神，当心look through 浏览look up 查找；抬起头look up to sb.尊敬某人lose / put on weight 体重减轻，减肥/ 长胖或体重增加lose face 丢脸lose sight of 看不见lots of 许多, 大量Mmake a face做鬼脸make a living 谋生make contributions to 对……做出贡献make friends with 与……交友make mistakes 犯错，出错make one’s way to 前往，到……去make progress 取得进步make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通make sure 确保make the most of 充分利用make up one’s mind 下决心make up 构成；占（多大比率）；编造，杜撰；化妆make use of 利用make way for 给……让路，让位与……meet / satisfy one’s requirements 满足某人的要求meet one’s needs满足某人的需求mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和more than 多于，不仅仅Nname after 以……命名neither…nor既不……也不next door 隔壁（的）next to 在……旁边no doubt 无疑, 确实no longer 不再no more ＝not… any more 不再not at all 一点也不not only…but also 不仅……而且……not until 直到……才now that 既然，由于Oof course 当然on account of 由于on average 平均on board 在船上（飞机上或火车上），上船（飞机或火车）on business 出差on displace / show 展览，展出，展出，上演，放映on duty 值日on fire 着火on foot 步行on one’s part 对某人而言on one’s way 在路上on the one hand, …on the other (hand) 一方面……, 另一方面……on time 准时，按时on vacation 度假，休假once again / more 再一次once upon a time 从前，曾经，很久以前one after another 一个接一个one another 互相，相互one by one 一个接一个open the floor 自由发言opening hours 开放时间ought to 应该，应当out of 由……里面向外, 在……之外；出于out of breath / order / work 上气不接下气/ 运转不正常或出毛病/ 失业over and over again 反复地，一遍又一遍地Ppass on 传递pay attention to 注意pay back 报答，偿还（借款）pay for 付款pay off 还清（债务）；（某事）成功，带来好结果pay phone（投币式）公用电话pick out 找出，挑选pick up 捡起, 开车去接……play a part / role in 在……中发挥作用，在……中扮演角色play tricks on 欺骗，捉弄play with 玩（弄）plenty of 很多的, 足够的point out 指出point to / at 指向prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事protect sb. from 保护某人不受...…的伤害provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物push ahead with 义无反顾地进行, 努力推进put ... in place 准备就绪，布臵妥当put away 整理，收起来put forward 提出（观点、议案等）put off 耽搁，推迟put on 穿上；播放put out 熄灭（火）put sth. together 组织，汇集；组装put up 张贴，公布Qqueue up 排队等候Rrather than 而不是，宁愿reach out（手）伸出，伸出（手）recognize… as认为/ 承认/ 认出…...是regard…as 认为……是，把……当作regardless of 不管，不顾rely on 依靠，依赖replace…with…用…...代替……result in 导致（结果）right away / now 立刻, 马上ring out（铃声、枪声等）突然响起rise up against 起义，反抗roll up 卷起来rule out 排除run after 追，追赶run away 逃跑，失控run into 碰到，偶然遇到run out (of) 用完，耗尽Ssee… off 为……送行see…with one’s own eyes 亲眼看见send for 派人去叫 / 请 / 取send up 发射，射出set an example to 为…...树立榜样set foot on / in 踏上，踏入set off / out 出发set sail for 启航去set up 建立，创立，开办share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物shout at 对……喊, 叫show / take an interest in 对……感兴趣show respect for 对…...表示尊重show up 出现，露面side by side 一起，共同；并肩地，并排so far 到目前为止so that 以致so…that 如此……以致sort out 安排; 拣选，分类spy on 暗中监视，窥探stand for 代表stand in one’s path 阻碍（某人），挡道stare up at 抬头凝视stay up 不去睡，熬夜step up 加紧，加强，促进such as 例如Ttake a break / rest / ride / walk 休息/ 休息 / 兜风/ 散步take a holiday/ message / shower 休假；度假/ 捎口信/ 淋浴take action采取行动take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像take away 拿走take care 保重；小心，当心take care of 照看，照顾take charge of 负责，接管take control of 控制，取得对……的控制take into consideration 认真考虑take it easy 别着急，别紧张take notes 做笔记，做记录take off 起飞，脱掉take out 取出take over 接管，接任；控制take park in 参加take photos 照相take place 发生take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间去做某事take steps / measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事take the risk of 冒…...危险talk about /of 谈论，谈起talk to 与…...谈话talk with 与…...交谈tell…from区分tens / hundreds / thousands / millions of 几十/几百，许许多多/成千上万/数以百万计的thanks for 为……而感谢thanks to 多亏，幸亏the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the other day 几天前；那天the same as 与......相同think about 考虑，思考think of 想起，想到；考虑to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是too…to 太……以致于不能……toy with 戏弄，摆弄，把……当作儿戏trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事try on 试穿try one’s best 尽力turn down 调节（收音机等）使声音变小turn into（使）变成turn off 关掉，关闭turn on 打开（电器）turn out 结果是，结果证明turn to 转向；变成；求助于turn up 调节（收音机等）使声音变大；出现turn upside down 颠倒过来Uunder way 在进行中up and down 上上下下up close 靠近地up to（数量、程度等）达到use up 用完，耗尽used to 过去常常，以前常常Vvoice one’s opinions 表达某人的看法= voice oneselfWwait for 等待，等候wake up 醒，醒来warm up（使）暖和起来；（使）热身watch out for 留意，留心，密切注意what about…? ……怎么样？what if …? 倘若…...将会怎样？win over sb. 战胜某人win sb. over 将某人争取过来wipe out 扫除，消灭wish for 盼望，企盼with pleasure 高兴地，乐意with the help of 由于……的帮助with the intention of 为了，以……为目的word by word 逐字逐句地work on 从事，忙于work out 结局，至最后，结果为；制定，解决；锻炼worry about 担心，担忧would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事Yyell at sb. 对着某人大叫附件三词汇表A aa (an) art. 一（个、件……）ability n. 能力，才能able a.能够，有能力的about ad.大约; 到处，四处prep.关于；在各处，四处above prep.在……上面 a. 上面的ad. 在之上abroad ad.到（在）国外absence n.缺席，没参加，不在场absent a.缺席，不在absorb vt. 吸收，吸引absurd a.荒唐的，荒诞的，怪诞的academic a.学业的；学术的accent n.口音，音调accept v.接受，接纳access vt.接近；使用n. 接近的机会,享用权accident n.事故，意外的事accurate a. 准确的，精确的accuse vt.控告ache vi. & n.痛，疼痛achieve vt.完成, 达到，赢得，取得; 实现achievement n.成就acquaintance n. 泛泛之交，熟人acre n.英亩across prep.横过，穿过，在……各处，遍及act n.法令，条例;（戏剧的）一幕v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）action n.行动，行为，动作active ad .积极的，主动的activity n. 活动actor n. 男演员，行动者，参与者actress n.女演员actual a. 实际的，现实的AD abbr.公元ad= advertisement n. 广告add v.补充，添加，增加；补充说address n.地址administration n. 管理，管理部门，施行admire v.钦佩，羡慕admit v.承认adolescent a.青春期的n.青少年adopt vt.采用；收养，领养adult n. 成年人advance n.进步，前进advantage n.优点, 好处adventure n.冒险，冒险经历advertise v.(为……）做广告，登广告advertising n. 广告活动，广告业advice n.忠告，劝告，建议advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议aeroplane = airplane =plane=aircraft n. 飞机affect vt.影响afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供afraid a.害怕的，担心Africa n. 非洲African a. 非洲的n.非洲人after ad.在后，后来prep. 在……之后，在……后面conj.在……以后afternoon n.下午，午后afterwards ad.然后，后来again ad.再一次，再，又against prep.对着，反对age n.年龄；时代agency n.服务机构；代理ago ad. 以前agree v.同意, 应允agreement n.同意，一致，协定agricultural a.农业的agriculture n.农业ahead ad. 在前，向前，提前aid n. 帮助，援助，帮助者，有帮助的事物vt.资助，援助，帮助AIDS abbr.爱滋病aim v．瞄准，打算n.目的；打算air n.空气，大气airfield n. （军用）机场airline n.航空公司, 航空系统airport n.航空站，飞机场algebra n.代数alphabet n. 字母表，全部字母alike a.相同的，相似的ad. 以同样的方式alive a.活着的，存在的all ad.全部地 a.全（部），所有的，总，整pron.全部，全体人员allow v.允许，准许almost ad. 几乎，差不多alone a.单独的，孤独的along ad.向前；和……一起，一同prep.沿着，顺着aloud ad.出声地，高声地already ad.已经also ad.也although conj.虽然，尽管altogether ad.总共always ad.总是，一直，永远am/ a.m. / AM / A.M. n.上午, 午前amaze vt. 使惊奇amazed a. 感到大为惊奇的amazing a.令人惊异的America n.美国；美洲American a.美国的；美国人的n.美国人among prep.在……中间，在（三个以上）之间amount n.量，数量amusement n. 娱乐，消遣amusement park n. 游乐场ancestor n.祖先，祖宗analyse v. 分析analysis n. 分析anchor v. 扎根于，使基于n. 锚ancient a.古代的，古老的and conj.和，又，而angry a.生气的，愤怒的animal n.动物announce vt.宣布，宣告，宣称，通知annoy vt.使苦恼，骚扰annoyed a. 愤怒的，生气的another a.再一，另一，别的，不同的pron.另一个answer n.回答，答复；回信；答案v.回答，答复；回信；（作出）答案ant n. 蚂蚁anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious a.焦急的，焦虑的；渴望的any pron.（用于疑问句、否定句）一些，什么；（无论）哪一个，哪些，任何的anybody pron.任何人，无论谁anyhow ad.不管怎样anyone pron.任何人，无论谁anything pron.什么事（物），任何事（物）anyway ad. 不管怎样anywhere ad.任何地方apartment n.房间，公寓apologize vi.道歉apology n. 道歉appeal vi.迎合，有吸引力appear v.出现，露面，（公开）演出appearance n.出现，露面，外貌，外观apple n.苹果apply v. 申请，使用，应用appreciate vt. 赞赏，欣赏，赏识approach n.方法，途径v. 接近，靠近appropriate a. 适当的approve v.批准, 通过; 赞成April n.四月area n.面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域argue v.争辩argument n.争论，辩论；论点，论据arithmetic n. 算术arm n.臂, 支架army n.军队；陆军around ad.在周围，在附近prep. 在……周围；大约arrange v.安排，布臵arrest vt. & n. 逮捕，拘捕arrival n.到达者，到达物；到达，到来arrive vi.到达，达到art n. 艺术，美术；技艺article n. 文章；东西，物品；冠词artist n.艺术家as ad. & conj.像……一样，如同；当……的时候；随着；因为prep.作为，当作ash n.火山灰；灰，灰烬ashamed a. 惭愧的，羞耻的Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的；亚洲人的n. 亚洲人aside ad. 除……之外ask v.问，询问；请求，要求；邀请asleep a.睡着的，熟睡的aspect n. 方面，层面assess vt.评估，评价assistant n.助手，助教 a.辅助的，助理的association n.协会assume v. 假定，认为astronaut n.宇航员astronomer n. 天文学家at prep.在（几点钟）；在（某处）athlete n. 运动员athletic a.适合做运动员的；健壮的，强健的，充满活力的Atlantic n.大西洋 a.大西洋的atmosphere n.大气，空气；气氛，氛围attach v. 使连在一起，把……扣在一起attack n. 进攻，攻击；（用语言）抨击，批评；疾病发作，侵袭vt.攻击，抨击attempt n. & vt.尝试，努力attend vt.出席，参加attention n. 注意，关心，关注，注意力；（口令）立正！attitude n.态度，看法attract v. 吸引，有吸引力，引起注意attraction n.吸引人的地方或事情attractive a.有吸引力的，有魅力的audience n.受众，观众，听众，读者August n.八月aunt n.伯母，舅母，婶，姑，姨Australia n.澳洲，澳大利亚Australian a.澳洲的，澳大利亚人的n.澳大利亚人author n.作家，创造者autumn n.秋天，秋季available a.可利用的，可买到的，可获得的avenue n.林荫道，大街，方法，途径，路average a.一般的，普通的；平均的avoid v.避开，避免，消除awake (awoke, awoken) v.唤醒，醒着 a. 醒着的award n. 奖金，奖品v. 奖励，授予aware a.知道的，明白的，意识到的away ad.离开，远离awful a.可怕的awkward a.别扭的，不自然的，笨拙的B bbaby n.婴儿back ad.回（原处），向后 a.后面的n.背后，后部；背background n.背景backwards ad. 向后bacon n.熏猪肉，咸猪肉bad (worse, worst) a.坏的；有害的，不利的；严重的bad breath n. 口臭badminton n.羽毛球bag n.书包，提包，袋子balance n.平衡ball n. 球balloon n. 气球ban vt.禁止，取缔banana n. 香蕉band n.队，乐队；带子，镶边；波段bank n.（河、海、湖的）岸，堤；银行bar n.条，棒bargain n.成交商品，便宜货；契约，合同v.议价bark n.吠声；树皮 v. 吠，咆哮；剥树皮base n.基地，大本营；底部；基础vt. 以……作基础baseball n.棒球basic a. 基本的basis n. 基础，基准；原因basket n.篮子basketball n.篮球bat n.球棒，蝙蝠v.用球棒击球bath n.沐浴，浴室bathroom n. 浴室battery n.电池battle n.战役，战斗BC abbr. 公元前be v.是（原形，其人称和时态形式有am, is, are, was, were, being, been）beach n.海滨，海滩bean n.豆，豆形果实bear n. 熊beard n.胡须beast n.兽类，畜生beat (beat, beaten）vi.（心脏）跳动v.敲打；跳动；打赢n.（音乐）节拍beautiful a.美的，美丽的，美观的beauty n.美；美景；美人because conj.因为become (became, become) v.变得，成为bed n.床bedroom n.寝室，卧室bee n.蜜蜂beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒before prep. 在……以前，在……前面ad.以前conj. 在……之前beg v.请求，乞求begin (began, begun)v.开始，着手behave vi.举止，行为表现behaviour n.行为，举止behind prep.（表示位臵）在……后面ad.在后面，向后belief n. 信念，看法believe v.相信，认为bell n. 钟，铃；钟（铃）声；钟形物belong vi.属于below prep.在……下面belt n.带子，地带bench n.长椅子bend v.弯腰，屈身；（使）弯曲beneath prep. 在……之下benefit vt.有利于，使……受益n. 利益，福利，好处beside prep. 在……旁边；靠近besides prep. 除……以外（还有）ad.还有，此外betray vt.出卖，背叛between prep. 在（两者）之间，在……中间beyond prep.在（到）……较远的一边，超过，那一边ad.在远处n. 远处bid n. 申请，争取big a.大的bike = bicycle n.自行车bill n.帐单；钞票；票据，清单biology n.生物（学）bird n.鸟birth n.出生，诞生birthday n.生日birthplace n.诞生地biscuit n.饼干bit n.一点，一些，少量bite v.咬bitter a.苦的，痛苦的，怀恨的black n.黑色 a.黑色的blackboard n.黑板blame vt.责备，谴责blank n. 空白处，空格 a. 空白的，无表情的blanket n.毯子blind a.瞎的block n.木块，石块，块；街区；阻滞；(一）批vt.妨碍，阻塞blood n.血，血液blouse n.宽松的上衣，似衬衫的上衣blow (blew, blown)v.吹，刮风，吹气blue n. 蓝色 a. 蓝色的board n甲板；木板，布告牌boat n. 小船，小舟body n.尸体；身体boil n. 沸点，沸腾；疖子v.煮沸；激动bomb vt.轰炸n.炸弹bone n.骨，骨头bonus n. 意外收获，奖金，额外津贴book n. 书；本子v.预定，定（房间、车票等）boot n.长统靴，靴子bored a.感到厌倦的boring a. 乏味的，无聊的born ( bear的过去分词之一) a.出生borrow v.（向别人）借用，借boss n. 领班，老板，上司both a.两，双pron.两者，双方bother n.麻烦，烦扰v.打扰bottle n.瓶子bottom n. 底，底部；尽头，末端 a. 底部的boundary n. 边界，界限bowl n.碗bowling n. 保龄球运动box n.盒子，箱子boxer n. 拳击手，拳击运动员boxing n. 拳击运动boy n.男孩brain n.脑(子）branch n.分支，分部；树枝brave a. 勇敢的Brazil n.巴西bread n.面包break (broke, broken) v.打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开n. 间隙，短暂休息breakfast n.早餐breakthrough n.突破breath n.气息，呼吸breathe v.呼吸bridge n.桥brief a.简要的，扼要的bright a.明亮的；聪明的，伶俐的brilliant a.优秀的，杰出的，聪明的；灿烂的bring (brought, brought) vt.拿来，带来，取来Britain = UK =U.K.=the United Kingdom n.英国British a.大不列颠的，英国的，英国人的broadcast vt. & n.广播，播放broom n.扫帚vt. 扫除brother n.兄，弟brown n.褐色，棕色 a.褐色的，棕色的brush n. 刷子，毛刷；画笔v. 刷，掸，拂budget n. 预算v. 编制预算build (built, built) v.建筑，造，开发，建构built-in a. 内臵的，嵌入式的building n.建筑物，房屋，大楼burn (-ed, -ed 或burnt, burnt) v.燃，烧，使烧焦，使晒黑bury vt.埋，埋葬，安葬bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木，矮树business n.（本分）工作，职业；职责；生意，交易；事业businessman / businesswoman ( pl. businessmen / businesswomen) n.商人busy a.忙（碌）的but conj.但是，可是prep.除了，除……外butter n. 黄油，牛油butterfly n. 蝴蝶button n.钮扣 [计]按钮v.扣住，扣紧buy (bought, bought) vt.买by prep.靠近，在……旁；在……时间，不迟于；用；被，由；乘（车）C ccabbage n. 卷心菜cafe n.咖啡馆，小餐馆cage n.笼, 槛, （矿井）贯笼cake n.蛋糕，糕点；饼call n. 喊，叫；电话，通话v.称呼；呼唤；喊，叫calm a.镇静的；沉着的v. 镇静；沉着camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机；摄像机camp n.（夏令）营v.野营；宿营campaign n.（社会、政治或商业等的）活动，运动can (could, can’t = can not) modal v. 可能；能够；可以n. 罐；罐头；垃圾桶；开罐器Canada n. 加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的n.加拿大人cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌, 毒瘤candidate n.候选人；申请人candle n. 蜡烛candy n.糖果cap n. 帽子；盖；笔套capital n.首都，省会；大写captain n.（海军）上校；船长，舰长；队长；球队（的）主将car n.汽车，小卧车carbon n. 碳carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳card n. 卡片；名片；纸牌care n.照料，保护；小心v.介意……，在乎；关心careful a.小心的，仔细的，谨慎的careless a.粗心的, 漫不经心的carrier n. 航空母舰, 运输公司carrot n.胡萝卜carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等cartoon n.政治性漫画, 讽刺画, 卡通画, 漫画; 卡通片, 动画片v.画漫画case n.案子，案件cash n.现金cat n.猫catch (caught, caught) v.接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病）cattle n. (pl.)牛cause n. 原因，起因vt. 使发生，促使，导致cautious a.谨慎的，小心的cave n. 洞穴CD n. 光盘（compact disk的缩写）ceiling n. 天花板，顶棚celebrate v.庆祝cell n.细胞cent n.美分（100 cents = 1 dollar）centigrade a.分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的centimetre n.厘米central a.中央的，中心的centre (Am.center) n. 中心，中央century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.仪式，典礼certain a.（未指明真实名称的）某……；确定的，无疑的；一定会……chain n. 一系列，一连串chair n.椅子chairman / chairwoman (pl. chairmen / chairwomen) n.主席chalk n. 粉笔challenge n.挑战vt.向……挑战challenging a.具有挑战性的champion n. 冠军，优胜者championship n. 锦标赛，冠军地位chance n. 机会，可能性change v. 改变，变化；更换；兑换n. 变化；零钱，找头channel n.海峡，水道，沟，路线；频道vt.引导，开导，形成河道character n.（书写或印刷）符号；人物charge n.负责，掌管vt. 使承担责任，收费chart n.海图, 图表vt.制图chat vi. & n.聊天，闲谈cheap a.便宜的，低价的cheat v.骗取，哄骗；作弊check vt.校对，核对n.检查；批改；支票（Br. cheque）cheek n. 脸颊cheer n. 愉快，欢呼vi. 快活，欢呼cheerful a.愉快的，高兴的cheese n.奶酪chemical n.化学物质；化学药品 a.化学的chemistry n.化学chess n.棋chest n.箱子，盒子；胸部chew vt.咀嚼(食物等）vi. 咀嚼；认真考虑chicken n.鸡；鸡肉chief a. 首要的，主要的n. 首领child (pl. children) n.孩子，儿童childhood n.童年，孩童时期China n.中国Chinese a.中国的；中国人的；中国话的，汉语的n.中国人；中国话，汉语，中文chocolate n.巧克力choice n.选择，快择choose (chose, chosen) vt.选择chopsticks n. 筷子Christmas n. 圣诞节（12月25日）church n.教堂；教会cigarette n.香烟，纸烟cinema n.电影院；电影circle n. 圆圈v.将……圈起来circus n.马戏表演；马戏团citizen n.市民city n.市，城市，都市civilization n.文明clap vi. & n.拍手，鼓掌class n.（学校里的）班；课；阶级，阶层classic n.杰作，名著 a.古典的；一流的classmate n.同班同学classroom n. 教室clay n.黏土，陶土clean vt.弄干净，擦干净 a.清洁的，干净的clear a.清晰的，明亮的，清楚的clerk n.职员，办事员，店员clever a.聪明的，伶俐的climate n. 气候climb v.爬，攀登clinic n. 诊所clock n. 钟clone v. & n 克隆close a. 亲密的；近，靠近ad. 近，靠近vt.关，关闭clothes n. 衣服，各种衣物clothing n.衣服，服装cloud n.云；云状物；阴影cloudy a. 云的，阴天的club n.俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花coach n. 教练；马车；长途车coal n.煤；煤块coast n.海岸；海滨coat n.外套；涂层coffee n. 咖啡coin n. 硬币coincidence n.巧合，碰巧coke n.可口可乐cold a.冷的，寒的n.寒冷；感冒，伤风collect vt.收集，搜集college n.学院，专科学校colour (Am.color) n.颜色v.给……着色，涂色combine v.组合，（使）联合，（使）结合come (came, come) v.来，来到comfort n. 安慰，舒适comfortable a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的command v.指挥comment n.评论，意见，评价commercial a.商业的，贸易的n.（电视台或电台播放的）商业广告commit vt.犯（错误），干（坏事）committed a. 尽心尽力的, 坚信的, 坚定的committee n.委员会common a.普通的，一般的；共有的；相同的communicate v.交际；传达(感情、信息等）communication n.交际，交往；通讯companion n.同伴，同事company n.公司；伙伴compare vt.比较，对照compass n. 罗盘，指南针compete vi.比赛，竞争competition n.比赛，竞赛complete a. 全部的，完全的；完成的vt.完成composition n.作品；成分comprehension n. 理解力，理解练习，领悟能力computer n.电子计算机concentrate v.集中（注意力、思想等）；全神贯注concept n.概念，观念concern n.关心，关注concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude v.总结，下结论；结束conclusion n.结论condition n.条件，情形；状态，状况conduct vt.组织，实施，进行conductor n.售票员，乘务员；导体conference n.(正式的）会议；讨论会confident a.自信的，信心十足的confirm v.确定，批准conflict v. & n. 冲突，证明confuse v.迷惑，令人不解confused a. 困惑的，不解的congratulation n.祝贺，祝词，贺辞connect vt. 联系；连接；关联connection n. 联系consequence n.结果，后果conservation n.保护；保存consider vt.考虑；细想consideration n. 仔细考虑，体谅consist vi.组成，构成consistent a.一致的。

2013年湖南省高考英语试卷〔word版〕Part I Listening Comprehension(30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Example:When will the magazine probably arrive?A. Wednesday.B. Thursday.C. Friday.The answer is B.Conversation 11. Whereis the man going?A. KennedyB. LondonC. New York2. When should the man arrive at the airport?A. By 8:15B. By 9:00C. By 9:25Conversation 23. What is the woman doing?A. Taking a taxiB. Doing shoppingC. Waiting for the man4. Where are the two speakers going to meet?A. At homeB. In a shopC. In a restaurantConversation35. What is the woman looking for?A. A panB. CarrotsC. Tomatoes6. What will the speakers probably have tonight?A. French friesB. NoodlesC. Fried chickenConversation 47. What will the project focus on?A. A dogB. A fishC. A cat8. What can we know about John?A. He has conducted the surveyB. He is making card nowC. He will do the introduction9. Who can handle the summarizing?A. CarolB. TomC. MaryConversation510.What can we know about the woman’s vocation?A. She will stay on the beachB. She will go camping in the jungleC. She will spend 3 weeks in South Africa11. Which does the woman need to bring?A.A mapB. A tentC. Some clothes12. Who will prepare the meals?A. The manB. The guideC. The womanConversation 613. What are the two speakers doing?A. Discussing a lectureB. Visiting a museumC. Attending a party14. Which job has Jane applied for?A. SalesgirlB. WaitressC. Volunteer15. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and studentB. Father and daughterC. ClassmatesSection B. (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Part II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A 〔15 marks〕Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wheneverThe answer is B.21. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which22. “What do you want to be?〞asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I president,〞said the boy, witha smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision.A. althoughB. beforeC. becauseD. unless24. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat us.A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered25. The sun began to rise in the sky, the mountain in golden light.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. having bathed26. If nothing ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done.27. ----Have you heard about the recent election?----Sure, it the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be28. Do not let5 any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you may be to victory.. how B. d that C. which D. where29. You cannot accept an opinion to you unless it is based on facts.A. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered30. Every day a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads31. warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay32. He sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A. wouldn’t’[tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t33. The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8,450 a year, which a burden for some of them.A. are; isB. are; areC. is; areD. is; is34. ----I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.----I’m so sorry. But I my homework.A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing35. Not once to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.,A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occurSection B. (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase 36 and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I am leaving.〞“If you want to 37 , that’s all right,〞she said. “But you came into this home withoutanything and you can leave the same way.〞I38 my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavilyand started for the door again.“Wait a minute,〞Mom said. “I want your 39 back. You didn’t wear anything when you arrived.〞This really angered me, I tore my clothes off----shoes, socks, underwear and all----and40 , “Can I go now?〞“Yes,〞Mom answered, “but once you close that door, don’t expect tocome back.〞I was so 41 that I slammed(砰地关上)the door and stepped out on the front porch. 42I realized that I was outside, with nothing on. Then I noticed that down the street, two neighbor girls were walking toward our house. I ran to 43behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was 44 the girls had passed by. I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly.“Who’s there?〞I heard.“It’s Billy! Let me in!〞The voice behind the 45 answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ranaway from home.〞Glancing behind me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw,c’mon, Mom! I’m 46 your son. Let me in!〞The door inched open and Mom’s smiling face appeared.“Did you change your 47about running away?〞she asked.“What’s for supper?〞I answered.36 A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired37 A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away38 A. pressed B. shook C. threw D. pulled39 A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase40 A. explained B. suggested C. continued D. shouted41 A. angry B. sorry C. frightened D. ashamed42 A. Certainly B. Natually C. Suddenly D. Possibly43 A. play B. hide C. rest D. wave44 A. sure B. proud C. eager D. curious45 A. house B. tree C. door D. yard46 A. also B. still C. even D. aleady47 A. conclusion B. promise C. concern D. decisionSection C(12 marks)Directions:Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that bestfits the context.When kids in klkparts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with striing. “48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, nillions of real balls go flat49 24 hours,〞says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem,50 created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It’s lightweight, it’s flexible, and----52 important----it holds its shape.The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 won’t wear out, evern on rough surfaces. When tested,54 withstood(经受住) being crushed by a car, and evern being chewed on by a lion.Although it costs more to procuce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Fubol can last 30 yrtears. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 ncountries.Part ⅢReading comprehension(30marks)Directions:Reading the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.A.Plannig a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, coincerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton ComedyFestival (19 Oct.) cost ￡169.15 at Booking. com. A week later, the same room cost ￡118.15.If you can be flesible and want ot know datesd to avoid- or you’re looking for a big event to pas yokur time – checdk out sites such as Whatsonwhen , which allow you to serarch for events itn the UK by city, date and category.STAY AWAY FROM THE SATTION Iftraveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good gbase close to the statioin, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodeg’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was ￡95.95. A room just a bube jo9u8ney away at its Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre building. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKE Londobn’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programme that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public trasprot or car parking costs.Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Neweastle(casual members pay around￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff(free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day)56. The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned maily to show big events myA. help traveleers pass timeB. attr4act lots of travelers to the UKC. allow travelers to make flexible plansD. cause travers to pay more for accommmodation.57. “Farringdon〞in Paragraph 5 is most probablyA. a hotel away from the train stationB. the tube line to Convent GardenC. an ideal holiday destinationD. the name of a travel agency58. The passage shows that the O’neil FlatA. lies on the ground floorB. is located in central LondonC. providees cooking facilities for touristsD. cost over ￡100 on average per day in late September59. Cardiff’s program allows a free bike for a maximum period ofA. half an l hourB. one hourC. one hour and a halfD. two hours60. The main purpose of the passage isA. to tell visitors how to book in advanceB. to suplly visitours with hotel informationC. to show vistitors the importance of sel-helpD. to offer visitors some money-saving tips.Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read he following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.。

2013年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷思想政治时量90分钟，满分100分。

第I卷选择题一、选择题（2*30=60）1.第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议于2013年3月5日至17日在北京召开，会议选举-----------为中华人民共和国主席, 为中华人民共和国国务院总理。

A．习近平李克强 B．胡锦涛温家宝C．胡锦涛李克强 D．习近平温家宝2、2012年10月11日，2012年诺贝尔文学奖评选揭，成为首位中国籍获奖者。

A．余秋雨 B．沈从文 C．莫言 D．鲁迅3、我国第一艘航母“”号按计划完成建造与实验后于2012年9月25日正式交付海军。

A．山东 B．辽宁 C．湖南 D．广东4、2012年8月，第30届夏季奥运会在英国伦敦举行，中国队位居金牌榜和奖牌榜位。

A．第四 B．第三 C．第二 D．第一5、2012年美国总统大选，再次当选，成为美国历史上第一位连任的黑人总统。

A．希拉里 B．克林顿 C．罗姆尼 D．奥巴马6、学生小王近日在淘宝网上花100元人民币购买了一件衣服。

这里的100元是A．执行价值尺度的职能 B．执行流通手段的职能C．观念上的货币D．一件衣服的使用价值7、在我国经济“百花园”中，各种经济成分争奇斗艳。

它们都在为繁荣和发展社会主义市场经济作出自己的贡献。

下列选项中属于我国现阶段的非公有制经济成分的有①国有经济②个体经济③私营经济④外资经济A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④8、风险性是居民投资理财所考虑的一个重要因素。

下列投资方式中高风险、高收益同在的是A．公司债券 B．金融债券 C．国债 D．股票9、社会主义公有制经济中个人消费品分配的基本原则是A．按需分配 B．平均分配 C．按劳分配 D．按生产要素分配10、2012年我国财政收入大幅度增加，这一现象产生的根本原因是A．经济发展水平提高 B．国家分配政策完善C．居民收入增长 D．物价水平稳定11、为了抑制房价过快增长，2013年3月2日国务院出台了“新国五条”。

湖南省2023年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The Louvre(罗浮宫) is the world's most-visited museum now, drawing nearly 10 million people each year. It is a museum about education whose main aim is to protect and pass on our heritage to future generations.As a palace in the past, the Louvre shows the history of France for about eight centuries. Divided among eight departments, the collections feature works admired throughout the globe, including the Mona Lisa, the Winged Victory of Samothrace, and the Venus de Milo.Special featureIn keeping with France's 2005 disability law, the Louvre aims to make sure all visitors can access the museum safely and comfortably. Special attention is given to the disabled throughout the museum. More importantly, Louvre's Touch Gallery has a space specially designed for members of the public with disabilities, inviting them to gain artistic knowledge by touch with the help of technique.Practical information* Buying tickets online is a good way to get into the museum in less than 30 minutes.* Tours of the Louvre are conducted by guides from the French national museum network. * Download or rent an audio guide and choose your visit! Explore the Louvre on your own, guided by the museum's experts.Tel.: +33(0)1 40 20 53 17The Louvre is open every day (except Tuesday) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.Closed on the following holidays: January 1, May 1, May 8, December 25.Night opening time: until 9:45 p.m. on Wednesdays and Fridays.1、How many people visit the Louvre every year?A. Less than 10,000.B.Nearly 1 million.C. Less than 1 million.D.About 10,000,000.2、What will tourists fail to see in the Louvre?A. Thousands Miles of Mountains and Rivers.B. The Mona Lisa.C.The Winged Victory of Samothrace.D. The Venus de Milo.3、What's the special feature of the Louvre?A.People can buy tickets online.B.Special attention is given to the disabled.C.Tours of the Louvre are conducted by guides.D. Everyone is allowed to touch the artworks.4、When is it suitable to visit the Louvre?A. At 2 p.m. on Tuesday.B.On May 1.C. At 7:45 p.m. on Wednesday.D. At 8:00 p.m. on Sunday.What a day! I started at my new school this morning and had the best time. I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. I was nervous the night before, but I had no reason to be. Everyone was so friendly and polite. They made me feel at ease. It was like I'd been at the school for a hundred years!The day started very early at 7:00 a.m. I had my breakfast downstairs with my mum. She could tell that I was very nervous. Mum kept asking me what was wrong. She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me. If they didn't love me, Mum said to send them her way for a good talking to. I couldn't stop laughing.My mum dropped me off at the school gate about five minutes before the bell. A little blonde(金发的) girl got dropped off at the same time and started waving(招手)at me. She ran over and told me her name was Abigail. She was very nice and we became close straightaway. We spent all morning together and began to talk to another girl called Stacey. The three of us sat together in class all day and we even made our way home together! It went so quickly. Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school. I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.5、What did the author think of her mother's advice?A.Humorous.B. Helpful.eless.D. Horrible.6、What of the following is TRUE about the author's first day of school?A. She had a hurried lunch.B. She met some nice classmates.C.She lost her way.D. She was late for school.7、What can we know about Abigail?A.She hated Stacey.B.She was shy and clever.C. She was afraid of the author.D. She was kind to the author.8、What is the best title for the passage?A.My Friends and My ParentsB.I Have a Good MumC.A Little Blonde Girl and Her MumD. The First Day at My New SchoolAccording to a recent survey carried out by The Economist(经济学家) magazine, Ireland is by far and away the best country in the world to live in.Once Ireland joined the EU in 1973, the base for economic growth started to be put into place. The 1990s saw the economic growth finally arrive-a total change in Ireland's economic fortunes was born. The country experienced year-on-year growth of almost ten per cent and now has the fourth-highest GDP per head in the world—a massive 36.5 thousand dollars per person. Coupled with this has been a huge drop in unemployment(失业率) from 20 percent15 years ago to around four per cent today, all of which has meant Dublin's newspapers now come with larger job sections and the country is looking to import up to 300 thousand new workers in the next few years.In many ways, Ireland is the perfect advertisement(广告)for the policies of the IMF and the World Bank as it is one of the few economies that has opened itself up to free trade, foreign investment(投资) and unregulated business activity, cut welfare(福利) spending and checked wage(工资) increases and yet still managed to grow rapidly.9、When did Ireland join the EU?A.In 1990.B. In 1973.C.In 1991.D.In 1974.10、What can we learn from the text?A.Business activity is regulated in Ireland.B.Dublin's newspapers now come with smaller job sections.C.Ireland is the bad advertisement for the policies of the IMF.D.Ireland will import up to 300 thousand new workers in the future.11、What does the underlined word "it" refer to?A.Free trade.B.The advertisement.C.The World Bank.D. Ireland.12、What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?A.Technology.B. Education.C.Economy.D. Nature.二、填空题13、How to Make Learning FunLifelong learning is important. And even better, it can be fun. Take steps to continue your education even after you've left school. There are many ways to make learning fun.●Find your learning style.You might be looking for ways to make learning more enjoyable. At times it can feel like your entire life centres on classes and studying. If you are able to find your best learning style, you can make this experience more enjoyable.●①_____Maybe you don't enjoy learning because it feels like an individual activity. One way to make it more enjoyable is to turn it into a group activity. Ask your friends to form a study group. You'll still be studying, but at least you will have company.●②_____If you are studying information that interests you, you will naturally enjoy learning more. When you are in high school and college, you will have some flexibility in choosing which classes to take. Take advantage of this opportunity to spend time doing what you enjoy.●③_____Learning does not have to occur only in the classroom. Activities out of the classroom area great way to meet new people and learn new things.A. Take part in activities.B.Choose topics you enjoy.C.Read a book.D. Study with your friends.三、完形填空When I was a teenager, I considered postcards as simply a way to share travels until I 1 my grandmother's postcard album(专册).It was a dark gray album, where most of the postcards had pictures that did not reflect a holiday or a travel destination. Instead, the notes were 2 invitations to a dinner party or a walk the next day."Why do these postcards 3 you to come to tea?" I asked my grandmother. "Because this is how we communicated before we had a 4 ," she said. "I would post a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would 5 it that afternoon. 6 she would post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning."I was surprised. Life without a phone sounded like something out of the world. Connecting by postcards seemed as 7 as using a carrier pigeon(信鸽). I had forgotten about my grandmother's postcards until lockdowns(封锁) prevented our trips to seeing our three granddaughters. Remembering my grandmother's album, I bought several sets of 8 andevery few weeks, I'd write notes and mail them. The girls sometimes responded with brief thank-you texts.Then one day I opened my mailbox and spotted three hand-addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each 9 me for the postcards. The notes expressed their dissatisfaction with the pandemic(流行病) and described how my 10 had comforted them.14、A. resulted in B. came from C. came across D. made up15、A. slowly B. sadly C. hardly D. mostly16、A. ask B. force C. remind D. accept17、A. bird B. telephone C. book D. room18、A. refuse B. tear C. write D. receive19、A. Then B. But C. Since D. Because20、A. free B. friendly C. unexpected D. young21、A. cards B. letters C. notes D. toys22、A. copying B. thanking C. laughing D. helping23、A. boxes B. smiles C. paintings D. messages四、短文填空24、 It's really nice to see a lot of Tibetan antelopes(藏羚羊)on the green grass. However,①_____(they) population dropped by more than 50 percent during the 1980s and 1990s. To make profits, some people were shooting antelopes. The habitats(栖息地) ②_____ the beautiful animals lived were becoming smaller as new roads and railways ③_____(build).In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under ④_____(nation) protection. Many volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move ⑤_____(easy)and keep them safe from ⑥_____(car) and trains.Gradually(逐渐地), the antelope population has recovered and ⑦_____ June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from ⑧_____ endangered species(物种) list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelopes have not yet disappeared.In a word, if we want ⑨_____(save) the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in peace with nature can we stop ⑩_____(be) a threat to wildlife and to our planet.五、翻译题25、请根据上下文内容,将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。

湖南省高中英语学业水平考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Test Sample QuestionsSection A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.It is a well-known fact that physical activity is good for our health. Regular exercise can help prevent chronic diseases, improve mental health, and increase overall well-being. For teenagers, participating in sports is not only important for physical health but also for personal development. Sports can teach important life skills such as teamwork, leadership, and perseverance. Additionally, being part of a sports team can help teenagers build friendships and social connections that last a lifetime. Therefore, it is crucial for young adults to stay active and engage in physical activities regularly.1. According to the passage, what are some benefits of regular exercise?2. Why is participating in sports important for teenagers?3. What life skills can sports teach teenagers?4. How can being part of a sports team benefit teenagers socially?5. Why is it crucial for young adults to stay active?Section B: VocabularyChoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.6. The doctor advised him to __________ smoking to improve his health.A. quitB. quiteC. quietD. quick7. She always __________ her homework on time.A. finishesB. finishesC. finishedD. finishing8. The __________ of the school were excited to announce the upcoming talent show.A. principleB. principleC. prinsipleD. principal9. The artist used a variety of colors to create a bright and __________ painting.A. colorfulB. colourC. colorD. colourful10. I __________ to the beach last summer and had a great time.A. wentB. goC. goesD. goneSection C: GrammarChoose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence.11. She __________ (study) for her exams when her friends arrived.A. studiedB. studiesC. is studyingD. was studying12. They __________ (play) soccer every Sunday morning at the park.A. playB. playsC. playedD. playing13. He __________ (not watch) TV last night because he had to finish his homework.A. don't watchB. doesn't watchC. didn't watchD. isn't watching14. The bus __________ (arrive) at the station in ten minutes.A. arrivedB. arrivesC. will arriveD. is arriving15. By the time we get to the cinema, the movie __________ (start).A. will startB. startedC. startsD. will have startedSection D: WritingWrite a short paragraph (approximately 100 words) on the following topic:"Describe a memorable experience you had while playing a sport."In this paragraph, you should include details about the sport you were playing, where and when it took place, and why it was a memorable experience for you.Remember to use correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling in your writing.Good luck on your exam!篇2Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Examination Sample QuestionsPart 1: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:Tom has a ________ dog who loves to play fetch.A. bigB. biggerC. biggestD. biggerest2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition:I'm going __________ vacation to the beach next week.A. onB. atC. inD. for3. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses: She ________ (study) for her exams all day yesterday.A. studiesB. studiedC. will studyD. is studying4. Choose the correct tense of the verb: Yesterday, I ________(eat) sushi for the first time.A. eatB. eatsC. ateD. eating5. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:Sarah is ________ girl in my class.A. a prettierB. the prettiestC. prettyD. prettiestPart 2: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Benefits of ReadingReading has many benefits for people of all ages. It improves vocabulary and language skills, expands knowledge, and enhances critical thinking. In addition, reading can reduce stress and improve sleep quality. People who read regularly are more likely to succeed in school and have better concentration and memory.1. What are some benefits of reading?A. Improves vocabulary and language skillsB. Reduces stress and improves sleep qualityC. Expands knowledge and enhances critical thinkingD. All of the above2. How can reading help people succeed in school?A. By improving concentration and memoryB. By expanding knowledge and language skillsC. By reducing stress and improving sleep qualityD. By enhancing critical thinking3. True or False: Reading can only benefit young children.A. TrueB. FalsePart 3: WritingWrite an essay of at least 250 words on the following topic: "The Importance of Learning a Second Language"Learning a second language has become increasingly important in today's globalized world. Discuss the benefits oflearning a second language and how it can improve communication and cultural understanding.---This is just a sample of the types of questions you may encounter in the Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Examination. Good luck with your preparation!篇3Title: The Importance of the Hunan Province High School English Proficiency ExamIntroductionIn Hunan Province, China, high school students are required to take the English proficiency exam as part of their academic assessment. The exam is designed to evaluate students' language proficiency, comprehension, and communication skills, and plays a crucial role in determining their academic achievements and future prospects. In this article, we will explore the significance of the Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Exam and its impact on students' academic journeys.Importance of the ExamThe Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Exam is a comprehensive assessment that tests students' listening, reading, writing, and speaking abilities in English. By evaluating various aspects of language skills, the exam provides a holistic understanding of students' proficiency levels and helps identify areas for improvement. The exam is not only a measure of students' academic performance but also serves as a tool for self-assessment and growth.Furthermore, the exam plays a significant role in shaping students' academic trajectories and future opportunities. A high score on the exam can open doors to prestigious universities and scholarship opportunities, while a low score may limit students' choices and options for higher education. Therefore, the exam serves as a motivating factor for students to strive for excellence and achieve their academic goals.Preparation for the ExamTo succeed in the Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Exam, students must engage in systematic and rigorous preparation. This includes practicing listening exercises, reading comprehension tasks, writing essays, and engaging in oral communication activities. Students are encouraged toexpand their vocabulary, improve their grammar, and enhance their critical thinking skills to excel in the exam.Furthermore, teachers play a crucial role in preparing students for the exam by providing guidance, resources, and support. Through targeted lessons, practice tests, and feedback, teachers help students develop the necessary skills and confidence to perform well in the exam. Additionally, parents can also support their children by creating a conducive learning environment, setting study schedules, and encouraging perseverance and determination.Impact on Students' Academic JourneysThe Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Exam has a lasting impact on students' academic journeys and future prospects. A high score on the exam can pave the way for admission to top universities, scholarships, and study abroad opportunities. It also enhances students' employability and competitiveness in the job market, as proficiency in English is a valuable skill in today's globalized world.Conversely, a low score on the exam may require students to reassess their academic goals, seek additional support, and work harder to improve their English proficiency. While a setback on the exam may be disheartening, it can also serve as a learningopportunity and motivation for students to strive for improvement and growth.ConclusionIn conclusion, the Hunan Province High School English Proficiency Exam is a crucial assessment that plays a significant role in students' academic journeys and future prospects. By evaluating students' language skills and proficiency levels, the exam provides valuable insights for self-improvement and growth. With proper preparation, guidance, and determination, students can excel in the exam and unlock countless opportunities for academic and professional success. May all students in Hunan Province approach the exam with confidence, diligence, and a thirst for knowledge!。

高中英语真题:2013-2014学年度高中一年级学业水平考试本试卷共10页，四大题，满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卷上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卷的整洁。

I. 语言知识及运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。

然后从1～15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。

March 21st is World Sleep Day. This year’s slogan is “BreatheEasily, Sleep Well”. It1 to celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep. Sleep is like food for the2 . Enough sleep helps the body and brain grow and3 . According to the National Sleep Foundation in the ,4 need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. For students age d 10 to 17, a5 amount is about eight to nine hours per night .But many students don’t get 6 sleep because of early schoo l start times and heavy 7 . About 80 percent of middle school students don’t get enough sleep, the China Youth and reporte d. For some students, they want to sleep 8 , but they keep w orrying about their schoolwork and can’t fall asleep 9 . For oth ers, they may even have insomnia (失眠症), which might keep them 10 all night.These sleeping problems greatly 11 people’s life. Experts h ave shown that lack of sleep for teenagers leads to poor 12 . Students without enough sleep cannot13 in class or do well in sports. Also, the lack of sleep may make them depressed.Research shows that with 14 sleep habits it is easier to fall a sleep. Some of these good habits include 15 drinks that make people excited late in the day, going to sleep at the same tim e each night, and sleeping in a comfortable place that is dark, q uiet, and neither too hot nor too cold.1. A. takes B. comes C. aims D. helps2. A. soul B. brain C. heart D. stomach3. A. develop B. digest C. harvest D. fight4. A. children B. teachers C. experts D. adults5. A. healthy B. valuable C. effective D. possible6. A. good B. enough C. sound D. long7. A. housework B. research C. homeworkD. exams8. A. well B. late C. early D. soon9. A. immediatelyB. latelyC. recentlyD. greatly10. A. awake B. alone C. asleep D. active11. A. change B. improve C. damage D. affect12. A. figures B. moods C. tests D. grades13. A. attend B. develop C. concentr D. absentate14. A. general B. good C. strict D. ordinary15. A. arranging B. preparingC. involvingD. avoiding第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷上标号为16～25的相应位置。

湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试(压轴卷)英语（答案在最后）本试卷由试题卷和答题卡两部分组成。

试卷分三个部分，共6页。

时量90分钟，满分100分。

所有试题均须在答题卡上作答。

第一部分阅读技能(共两节，满分４５分)第一节阅读理解(共12小题；每小题3分，满分36分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWe are surrounded by the news about COVID-19and other viruses(病毒),buthow much do you really know about them?Viruses that infect(传染)humans nearly always cause illness.Fortunately,just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us,so do we know how to prevent them.These facts are a good place to start.·Being infected without signs is possibleSome viruses,including those that cause herpes,COVID-19,and AIDS,can be spread through asymptomatic(无症状的)people and presymptomatic(症状发生前的) people,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).Some of them may even be“super-spreaders”,infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even、realizing it.Take action to prevent spreading viruses even when youdon't feel sick.·Hand washing is protectiveWash your hands.This is a piece of advice given by World Health Organization(WHO).Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least20secondsand dry your hands on a clean towel.Don't use air dryers in public restrooms.·Regular exercise is helpfulDo regular exercise.Regular exercise,which can include taking quick walks,has been shown to improve your immune system,thus reducing your possibilities of developing a cold or the flu.But don't overdo it,for example,training for a long marathon without professional guidance.·Herd immunity(群体免疫)is hard to achieveYou may have read that you needn't get vaccinated(疫苗)if you live in a place where most people have had the disease or the vaccine,allowing you to make use of herd immunity.But effective herd immunity requires that more than90percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease.1.Which of the following is TRUE about“super-spreaders”according to the text?A.They have many signs of the illness.B.They may infect a lot of people.C.They prevent spreading the viruses.D.They realize they are spreading viruses.2、The following ways are helpful to prevent viruses except.A.washing hands for enough timeB.doing exercise regularlyC.avoiding using air dryers in public restroomsD.training for a long marathon without professional guidance3.A man can have herd immunity against a disease when.A.lots of people in his place have the vaccineB.over9/10of the people in his place are vaccinatedC.people in his place are fighting against the diseaseD.most people in his place are infected by the disease4.What is the text mainly about?A.Some virus facts that we should know.B.Some news about COVID-19and other viruses.C.Some facts about how to fight against COVID-19.D.Some facts that cause COVID-19and other viruses.BSuddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There’s a cyclone coming,Emily,”he called to hiswife.“I'll go to look after the stock.”Then he ran towards the sheds where the cows andhorses were kept.Aunt Emily dropped her work and came to the door.One glance told her about thedanger close at hand.“Quick,Dorothy!”she screamed.“Run for the cellar(地窖)!”Totojumped out of Dorothy's arms and hid under the bed,and the girl started to get him.AuntEmily,badly frightened,threw open the door in the floor and climbed down the ladder intothe small,dark hole.Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt.Then a strange thing happened.The house circled around two or three times and roseslowly through the air.Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.It was very dark,and the wind blew horribly around her,but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily.After the first few twists and turns,and one other time when the house tipped(倾斜)badly,she felt as if she were being rocked gently,like a baby in a cradle(摇篮).At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed,and lay down upon it;and Totofollowed and lay down beside her.In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying ofthe wind,Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.5.What does the underlined word“cyclone”in Paragraph 1probably mean?6.Why did Aunt Emily go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?7.Which of the following is TRUE about Dorothy?8、Which word can best describe Dorothy in the emergency?CSuper Space SeedsHow to grow food in space if humans will one day live there.A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.A.飓风B.洪水C.怪兽D.地震A.To find the puppy Toto.B.To find shelter from the cyclone.C.To protect their fortune.D.To get tools to help Henry.A.She managed to control the house.B.She found herself flying in a balloon.C.She became a baby crying loudly.D.She remained undisturbed with Toto.A.Frightened.B.Curious.C.Calm.D.Excited.Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗)during the Shenzhou XIVmission.Since the rice experiment began on July29,the seedlings of the tall shoot ricevariety(高秆水稻品种)have reached a height of30centimeters.The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety(矮秆水稻品种)have grown to5centimeters,China Daily reported on Aug.30.While there have been other rice experiments in space,this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a matureplant producing new seeds.Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts.They can also solve food problems on Earth.By sending seeds to space,we can create mutated(突变的)seeds,thanks to micro-gravity,lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线).The seeds can thenproduce higher yields(产量)on Earth.For more than30years,China has developed over260new types of seeds in space.They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares.According to an engineer from Hainan Aerospace(航天)Engineering Breeding Research Center,30percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are“space strawberries”,which are as big as eggs.The center has also produced“space tomatoes”with yields increased by 30percent,and“space bananas”with a growth cycle shortened from13months to9months.9.How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month?A.5cm.B.25cm.C.30cm.D.35cm.10.What does the underlined part“this one”in Paragraph3refer to?A.The dwarf rice variety.B.The tall shoot rice variety.C.The last rice experiment in space.D.The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV.11.How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments?A.Its seedlings have successfully come up.B.It goes through a complete life cycle.C.Its seedlings are growing very well.D.It uses completely new rice varieties.12.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?第二节小标题填空(共3小题；每小题3分，满分9分)下面文章中有3处(第13~15题)需要添加小标题。