BFA301 Examination 2010 Marking Scheme

2010年6月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：Q：Excuse me，may I see your boss now?1．A．Just a moment, please.B．Fine, thank you.C．See you.D．Well done.正确答案：A解析：本题考查对别人提出请求约见某人的回答。

回答分为肯定和否定两种，肯定回答一般为Yes，you can或者Just a minute等；否定回答一般先说Sorry，然后补充拒绝的原因，如he is not in或he is busy now等。

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSInternational General Certificate of Secondary EducationMARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paperfor the guidance of teachers0455 ECONOMICS0455/32Paper 32 (Analysis and Critical Evaluation), maximum raw mark 40This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination.• CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.CIE is publ ishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.w w w .X t r e m e Pa p e r s .c o m1 (a) (i) Best alternative (also accept next best/second alternative) (1) forgone/given up (1). [2](ii) 1 mark for any of the following: Rice as an opportunity cost of growing biofuels. Exporting rice as an opportunity cost of selling it on the home market. Production of other products as an opportunity cost of specialising in rice.Note: no mark for example not in extract. [1](b) M ore rice was kept in the Egyptian market (1) whereas less rice was available for thePhilippines to import (1).1 mark for rice grown in Egypt but imported into the Philippines. [2] (c)(i)Price of riceQuantity of rice1 mark for labels.1 mark for shift of the supply curve to the left.1 mark for equilibriums.[3](ii)Price of riceQuantity of rice1 mark for labels.1 mark for shift of the demand curve to the right. 1 mark for equilibriums.[3](d)1 mark for definition of PED or explanation of PED.1 mark for inelastic demand.1 mark for price and revenue/expenditure have both risen.1 mark for demand must have fallen by a smaller percentage than the rise in price.Note: maximum mark of 3. [3](e) 1 mark for supply of rice may increase in the Philippines.1 mark for higher supply may reduce the price of rice in the Philippines.1 mark for lower price of food particularly benefits the poor as the poor spend a higherproportion of their income on food/greater ability to buy other products/higher spending power. [3](f)U p to 2 marks for discussing, in theory, whether more specialisation is beneficial or not(totally irrespective of actual situation in Thailand).Up to 4 marks for an explanation of the information needed. For example, does Thailand have a cost advantage in producing rice; what world demand will be; how volatile the market is; whether other countries are planning to increase their output; what costs of production will be in the future; risk of import restrictions being imposed; risk of climate change; risk of becoming over-dependent on one major source of income.Up to 7 marks for judgement of the information. For example, it will be beneficial if Thailand can produce rice more efficiently than other products, as world demand is expected to rise.Note: maximum of 3 marks if a list is produced. [7]2 (a) (i)Higher school enrolment ratios should lead to a more educated labour force (1). A moreeducated labour force should mean lower unemployment and so higher incomes (1) or:Higher incomes increase demand (1) including demand for education (1). [2](ii)Generally yes (1).Supporting evidence (2). For example, two States, Kerala and/or Punjab, with thehighest enrolment ratios have the lowest percentage of population living in poverty (1),Assam has the lowest enrolment ratio and the second highest percentage of populationliving in poverty (1).Recognition that Madhya Pradesh does not support the general relationship (1). [4](b) (i)Generally yes (1).(2).SupportingevidenceException is the percentage of households having safe drinking water (1). [4](ii)Up to 4 marks for explanation of a range of other factors. For example, GDP per head;distribution of income; environmental conditions; doctors per head; adult literacy rate.Up to 6 marks for judgement of the factors. For example, quality of life is likely to behigher if GDP per head is higher in Kerala; more people may be able to enjoy higherliving standards if income is more evenly distributed.Note: a maximum of 3 marks for a list.No marks for discussion on information in the extract. [6]。

READINGQUESTIONS 1-45PART ONEQuestions 1-5●Look at question 1-5.●In each question, which sentence is correct?●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet. 1A Speakers are given at least 50 minutes for each presentation.B A period of up to 50 minutes is allowed for questions.C No presentation should take longer than 50 minutes.Why did Tony phone?A to ask Gill to calculate some production figures againB to report that there is no longer a mistake in the figuresC to inform Gill that the prices of some components have risenA Applicants for this post will receive training from the company.B Applicants for this post should live within reach of Manchester.C Applicants for this post must have a qualification in computing.A Minto Deliveries takes under a day to deliver anywhere in the country.B Minto Deliveries provides free insurance for its delivery service.C Minto Deliveries guarantees to charge lower prices than other companies.5A All staff need a permit to work late.B Security can tell staff whether they need permits to work late.C Staff working late should get permits from their line managers.PART TWOQuestions 6-10●Look at the list below. It shows the contents of a magazine for small businesses.●For questions 6-10, decide which part of the magazine (A-H) each person on the oppositepage should read.●For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.6 Sophie van Sommeren owns a small recruitment agency and needs to know how to cut her running costs.7 Jimmy Loh runs a small export firm and needs to understand how proposed changes in tax rates will affect his business.8 Joachim Koch designs games software, and wants advice on expanding his business by selling products abroad.9 Market researcher Angela Ponti wants to find out what people think of the contents of the magazine.10 Tax consultant Yvonne Kiwitz wants to learn how to motivate her team more effectively.PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the graphs below. They show domestic sales and exports of cooking oil for twocompanies, Farenzo and Veria, over a ten-year period.●Which year does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.11In this year Farenzo’s domestic oil sales rose, but its exports, like those of Veria, were reduced.12Although the volume of oil sold by Farenzo to the home market equalled that of Veria, Veria exported a larger quantity.13In this year both domestic and foreign sales in creased for the two companies, although their exports fell in the twelve months following.14Veria sold more oil abroad than at home in this year, while Farenzo’s domestic sales recovered after a dip, equalling a previous peak.15In this year the volume of Farenzo’s exports rose as domestic sales fell, while there was an opposite trend at Veria.PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the article below about managing change at a bank.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence 16-22, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.How a bank manage changeAs a major bank, we often make big internal changes, such as reorganising our branch network. My responsibility, as Vice-Chairman, is to manage those changes –even if I don’t altogether agree with them. This sometimes happens, as decisions of this nature are made by the whole senior management team. These decisions of this nature are made by the whole senior management team. These decisions always involve assessing financial risks, and also anypotential damage to the company’s reputation. We take this very seriously, as we have a high public profile.A project team is then set up to plan the change in detail. This team is always headed by one of our project managers, who, in consultation with me, selects members of the team. Many of our staff have valuable experience of project work. With several projects running at the same time, my role is to co-ordinate them and keep an eye on progress. I must ensure each project keeps on schedule, and I may have to make difficult decisions in order to prevent waste and poor performance.When an individual project is nearly complete, my involvement is over and it is passed to the appropriate department head, who must then make sure that the agreed changes are introduced. We depend on that person to take full responsibility for its success.16Change that are needed in the company are decided by the writer alone.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17Public opinion of the bank may be affected by the way it manages change.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say18The writer’s responsibilities sometimes include leading project teams.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19Members of project teams are chosen on the basis of their experience.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20The writer is responsible for knowing what each team is doing.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21It is sometimes necessary to end a project if a team does not make enough progress.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22Project managers have the responsibility for introducing the changes in the final stage.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sayPRAT FIVEQuestions 23-28●Read the article below about a bicycle manufacturing company●For each question 23-28 on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.●Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.The SupabykeJohn Stone likes to watch people’s faces as they pass by his office and see his bicycle outside. It is not that it’s a racing machine: in fact, it’s not easy to lift and it’s far from small. Nor is itanywhere near the upper endof bike prices – it sells foronly about￡600. But itattracts attention because it iselectric and that makes itfaster than an ordinary bike.His company, JS Supabykes,started in 1999. ' I saw anelectric bike advertised, gotone and rode it around thecity,' says Stone. 'People wanted to know how much it cost and where they could get one.' He realised this was a business opportunity and told everyone, without doing any research, that 'the bikes were ￡500 and would be available soon.’The Supabyke was instantly popular. A recent survey of electric bicycle owners showed that the average Supabyke covered 2,300 km per annum, replaced 3 car journeys per week, and in the morning rush hour traffic it provided a journey time faster than a bus. Another independent survey showed that everyday expenses were lower than those of rival products. Best of all, with a JS Supabyke, you don’t need a driving licence and there are no parking problems!The company now wants toexpand overseas. Stone hasthe capacity to meet thedemand and he believes hewould only need one or twomore staff. At present he hasten staff looking after sales,marketing and logistics.Production facilities in Asiawould be able to increaseoutput quickly. ‘We don’tneed a lot of R and D and ouroverheads are extremelymanageable.’ He says, ‘as JSSupabykes shares an officewith a recruitment agencyrun by my wife.’Stone has managed to payback funding he receivedfrom a venture capitalcompany and is now incharge. The board consists ofhim and three other people,but he says this will have tochange in the future. ‘Wewill have to look outside forinvestment and I am going tohave to look at our board. Weneed people who have adeeper understanding of thebusiness, especially of exportmarkets.’He is now thinking ofupgrading the company’swebsite so that customerscan easily access informationabout the Supabyke.Currently the website isreceiving over 10,000 hits amonth and they are expectingto have twice as many whenthe upgrade is complete.Things are looking good forthe company.23What is said in the first paragraph about John Stone’s bike?A It is reasonably priced.B It is quite light.C It is compact.24John Stone set up JS Supabykes becauseA a market research firm advised him toB he realised the bikes would be easy to make.C he could see there was a demand.25The Supabyke is popular becauseA it is easier to park than other electric bikes.B it is cheaper to run than other electric bikes.C its top speed is higher than the normal speed of a bus.26What does John Stone say in the fourth paragraph about the company?A it can only afford to employ a small staff.B its offices are too small.C its overheads are not too high.27Why will John Stone make changes to JS Supabykes’ board?A He needs to take on someone experienced in selling abroad.B He is unhappy with the present board’s performance.C He has to include someone from the venture capital company.28What does John Stone intend to do with the company’s website?A redesign it so customers can purchase a Supabyke onlineB make it more user-friendlyC double its links to other sitesPART SIXQuestions 29-40●Read the report below about a marketing exhibition.●Choose the correct word to fill each gap, from A, B or C on the opposite page.●For each question 29-40, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Beautech Marketing ExhibitionFrance is, after Germany, the largest European cosmetics market. This is a fact which (29)…………it an ideal location for Beautech, the major international exhibition of new materials for the cosmetic industry, (30) ………… at the Paris Conference Centre last April. Beautech has enjoyed enormous success (31) ………… it was established ten years ago.The (32) ………… visitors at the stand of SCC, one of the leading representatives of the industry, all wanted to learn about the company’s latest products, (33) ………… particular attention to the new Elfal CB 390. This product is a cleaning agent in shampoo; it can (34) ………… be applied directly to improve the condition of the hair. Several firms expressed interest (35) ………… the technical developments behind the product.In response to previous requests, (36) ………… was a conference accompanying the exhibition.(37) …………examined recent developments in chemical technology and their effects(38) ………… modern cosmetics.The next Beautech Exhibition is due to take (39) ………… at the Madrid Conference Centre next year. Anyone wishing to exhibit (40) …………contact the Beautech Committee as soon as possible.29 A did B m ade C put30 A holding B h old C held31 A when B s ince C while32 A many B m uch C plenty33 A having B p aying C setting34 A even B w ell C too35 A to B of C in36 A that B there C it37 A This B These C Those38 A on B with C by39 A part B place C time40 A need B might C shouldPART SEVENQuestions 41-45●Read the notice and the email below.●Complete the form on the opposite page.●Write a word or phrase (in CAPITAL LETTERS) or a number on lines 41-45 on your AnswerApplication for Team Development CourseFull name of application: (41) ................................................ Applicant’s department: (42) ................................................Course date: (43) ................................................Full titles of preferred workshopsam: (44) ................................................pm: (45) ................................................WRITINGQUESTIONS 46-47PART EIGHTQuestion 46●You work in a large international company. You are expecting an important delivery to arrivetomorrow, but will not be in the office to receive it.●Write an email to your assistant, Markus:●Saying what the delivery is●explaining why you will not be in the office●Telling Markus what to do with the delivery.●Write 30-40 words.PART NINEQuestion 47●thanking her for the invitation●saying which month would be convenient for you●describing your role in the company you work for●explaining why your company has been successful.●Write 60-80 words.PART ONEQuestions 1-8●For questions 1-8, you will hear eight short recordings.●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.●You will hear the eight recordings twice.1Which method of advertising was most effective in reaching customers?2 Who does the woman think will get the job?A TomB MariaC Louise3 Which chart is correct?4What should the woman do with the file?A print itB save itC forward it5 Which graph shows Finley’s performance last year?6 What is the main advantage of this photocopier?A It’s smaller.B It’s cheaper.C It’s faster.7 Which picture shows the new packaging?8Which country has the best potential for growth for the company?A BrazilB USAC RussiaPART TWOQuestions 9-15●Look at the form below.●Some information is missing.●You will hear a man arranging office rental.●For each question 9-15, fill in the missing information in the numbered space using a word,numbers or letters.●You will hear the conversation twice.Office RentalCompany name: IT OptionsCaller’s name: (9) Mr. ............................................Type of office required: (10) Ref. No. ...................................Number of rooms currentlyrequired: (11) ..................................................Total area required: (12) minimum ...........square metresRental charge:(per month with discount) (13) $ ...............................................E-mail address: (14) .......................@ Phone No: (15) 01534........................................PART THREEQuestions 16-22●Look at the notes below about a new product.●Some information is missing.●You will hear part of a presentation given by a company’s marketing manager.●For each question 16-22, fill in the missing information in the numbered space using one ortwo words.●You will hear the presentation twice.LIVEN FRUIT JUICEJuice will be promoted as having benefits for (16) ............................................................... Tar get market ● men and women● 20-30 years old● (17) ...........................................................earning groupPacking ● was designed by (18) ..........................................................● the 4 bottles will be different in (19) .............................................................● the label will be written in easy (20) .............................................................. Launch ● Octo ber● (21) a .............................................................campaign in the first year Distribution ● by (22) ...................................................................PART FOURQuestions 23-30●You will hear a radio interview with a financial expert called James Bridie, who is givingadvice to small companies.●For each question 23-30, mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.●You will hear the interview twice.23 What is James Bridie's job?A businessmanB journalistC banker24 James is giving advice to companies thatA require money urgently for a short period.B banks have refused to lend money toC need a lot of money for long-term growth.25 James says experienced businesses may have cash flow problems becauseA they are not used to things going wrong.B their predictions are not always accurate.C things happen which they cannot control.26 Which way of raising money does James recommend businesses try first？A borrowing money from the bankB offering incentives for early paymentC asking friends and relations for a loan27 What does James suggest selling?A unused equipmentB company carsC buildings owned by the company28 Why should companies wait before replacing what is sold?A They can research what the best buy would be.B They may realise they don't need a replacement.C They may find that renting is a cheaper option.29 What does James suggest companies can get a loan against?A their raw materialsB their buildingsC their unsold products30 Who does James recommend companies approach for a special loan?A a specialist finance providerB an insurance companyC a bank。

2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原统考“英语”。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。

（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。

2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类（B级）1第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分。

共15分)第二部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Waste Not，Want Not1 Bob and Clara Darlington，who own and run a farm in the North of England，have alwayslooked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow．Their SUCCESS began when theyestablished a shop on their farm，so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly fromthem．2 The business was an immediate SUCCESS，and soon scored top marks in a competition set upby the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country．The Association's inspectorsfound the Darlingtons'shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit andvegetable．3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and，in addition to a range of home-grown foods andother local produce，she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself inthe farmhouse kitchen．A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added，with everything thatvisitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop．4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive，and she has worked very hard，butmaintains that if the product is good，the public recognize this and buy it．"I aim to offer the highestquality to our customers，whether they come in for a loaf of bread，or take a whole dinner-partymenu．I take it as a compliment(恭维)if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves．"5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop．Clara，not wishing to see themget thrown away，decided to turn them into soup．6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now producesten different varieties．She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail，doing presentations of the soups．As a result，they are now served in first-class railway restaurant carsbelonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores．23．Paragraph 2_______________．24．Paragraph 3________________．25．Paragraph 4______________．26．Paragraph 5____________．A．Time well spent is rewardedB．Professional recognition is obtainedC．A necessary alternative to farmingD．Professional skills are exploitedE．Continuing investment in high standardsF．Ensuring that nothing gets wasted27．Bob an Clara Darlington established a shop to____________．28．Apart from quality fruit and vegetables，the couple____________．29．Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away，the couple__________．30．Clara spent much of the summer going to London to____________．A．sell fresh vegetablesB．sell as much as possibleC．offer a variety of prepared mealsD．turn them into soupE．fill a gap in the marketF．promote her soups第四部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

2010年12月A级考试全真试题Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. It consistsof 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. A coat. B. A bag. C. A computer. D. A hat.2. A. Price of the goods. B. Quantity of the goods.C. Delivery of the goods.D. Quality of the goods.3. A. Monday. B. Thursday. C. Friday. D. Saturday.4. A. Traffic accidents. B. Economic crisis. C. Air pollution. D. Housing shortage.5. A. They cook well. B. They dance well.C. They look strong.D. They appear friendly.Section BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you heara question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then youshould mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.Conversation 16. A. In a store. B. In a company.C. In a travel agency.D. In a bank.7. A. Opening an account. B. Buying a ticket.C. Asking the way.D. Booking a hotel.Conversation 28. A. TV sets. B. Music players.C. Desk top computers.D. Digital cameras.9. A. 270 dollars. B. 280 dollars. C. 290 dollars. D. 300 dollars.10. A. 2 percent. B. 3 percent. C. 4 percent. D. 5 percent.Section CDirections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read two times. When you hear a question, you should complete the answer toit with a word or a short phrase (in no more than 3 words). The questions and incomplete answers are printed in your test paper. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to the passage.11. What is John Wilson?He is the ______ of a big company.12. What will John Wilson do next week?He will be away for ______ .13. Who are going to report to him on his trip?______ .14. Who will be in charge of the office while he is away?His ______ .15. Why does Mary want to do a good job?She hopes to be ______ .Part Ⅱ StructureDirections: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the mostappropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. We investigated other companies in the market to discover ______ they handled complaints from their customers.A. thatB. howC. whatD. where17. The Human Resources Department, as well as the other departments, will have its budget ______ to $2 million this year.A. to reduceB. reduceC. reducedD. reducing18. The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it ______ the project.A. completesB. completedC. will completeD. will have completed19. The new employees had to go over the safety regulations several times ______ they understood them.A. sinceB. beforeC. unlessD. when20. By the end of next year, I ______ for the company for 10 years.A. workB. am workingC. had workedD. will have worked21. ______ arriving at the meeting room, Tina discovered that she had left the sample products in her office.A. ByB. ThroughC. OnD. In22. Not until yesterday ______ anything about the new advertising campaign.A. I learnedB. have I learnedC. did I learnD. that I learned23. Miss Smith's assistant enjoys ______ for her although she treats him very strictly.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked24. Tom might not have made such a serious mistake if he ______ your advice.A. followedB. followsC. had followedD. has followed25. Jack said the construction of the subway would be completed in October, ______ is a great surprise to us.A. thisB. whatC. thatD. whichSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. I have received an (invite) ______ to speak at an international conference.27. More than half of the staff say they won't feel(comfort)______when talking to their boss.28. The student asked the librarian for help because he couldn't find the book he (need)______.29. Most of the new models displayed in the car exhibition (design) ______ in Germany a few years ago.30. Thomas was (cheer) ______ and good-natured, and we soon became good friends.31. It is (certain) ______ true that there will be more courses to be offered next semester.32. Among all the Internet Service providers in the world, Kingston Communications is considered to be one of the (good).33. Companies are legally required (keep) ______ records of all their financial transactions.34. Before (apply) ______ for a working holiday visa, you should read the information on the United Kingdom Working Holiday page.35. At the meeting I made some proposals, but no one seemed to be (interest) ______ in them.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.When it comes to human resources, hiring highly-skilled staff is not usually enough for a company to function successfully. Besides the knowledge in their particular fields, employees must always have additional skills --those of co-operation. In the case that work tasks can only be carried out by communicating with people, accepting common decisions, solving problems, sharing information and helping one another, teamwork skills are vital.While some jobs may require talent, the ability to work as a team is learned. There are no complicated formulas; you don't need to have any special qualities or exceptional mental abilities. Individuals can be effective as a team if they have developed certain behaviors or habits of communication. Many companies, clubs and organizations use team building activities. Team building activities may include a number of teamwork elements. They are aimed at encouraging active participation in task accomplishment while all members have their roles as individuals and are able to co-operate towards a common goal as a team.Many team building activities focus on problem solving and discussing team issues; thus argument as a way to common consensus (共识) is encouraged. Team building activities often involve recognition and identification of team member skills, talents, knowledge, and experiences which allow the team members to learn more about each other and fully utilize those skills where appropriate. Many team activities are focused on developing keys to trust during challenging times.36. In the author's opinion, which of the following is vital for a company to be successful?A. Specialized knowledge.B. Highly-skilled staff.C. Exceptional talent.D. Teamwork skills.37. According to the second paragraph, co-operation skills ______.A. require special qualities and abilitiesB. are learned while working in a teamC. need exceptional mental abilitiesD. are quite complicated to learn38. Team building activities are good for ______.A. hiring employees with special talentB. encouraging employees to co-operateC. helping employees work independentlyD. training employees intheir special fields39. Why are team members encouraged to argue in team building activities?A. To come to an agreement.B. To identify their own skills.C. To learn more about the company.D. To build up their own confidence.40. What is the best title of the passage?A. Team BuildingB. Problem SolvingC. Communication SkillsD. Company ManagementTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45. Fairway Kenwood is a quality Private Hire Car Service company. The company has a long and established service history with over a quarter of a century of experience in private car hire, catering (满足需要) for clients' transport requirements.All our drivers and vehicles are licensed by the Public Carriage Office. All our vehicles are fitted with most up-to-date computer systems. We provide transportation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We accept all credit card bookings. We undertake long distance journeys and will be happy to give you a quote (报价) on request.When you call, our sales representatives are ready and waiting to assist with your transport requirements. They can provide full information on the company's operation and how our service fits into your requirements and can help you during your visit to London.Our professional sales team can offer suggestions on how perhaps you can save money on travel while you are in London. Sightseeing and shopping trips can be arranged with very competitive prices.We offer a number of special services for buses and private use: Wedding Service, for those special occasions; Guided tour, executive tours of London famous locations; VIP Service, for that additional extra service.This service is available 24 hours/day, 7 days/week and 365 days of the year.41. Fairway Kenwood is a company thatA. has a history of nearly a centuryB. sells various vehicles to clientsC. provides private car hire serviceD. enjoys a good name in the car industry42. The company's vehicles are equipped with ______.A. up-to-date video playersB. the latest computer systemsC. a new model of card readerD. an automatic quoting machine43. From the passage, we know that you can contact the sales representatives by ______.A. faxB. emailC. telephoneD. personal visit44. The professional sales team of the company can help clients to______.A. save money while eating in LondonB. do sightseeing at a lower priceC. get free special private servicesD. enjoy free shopping trips45. Which of the following special services is provided by the company?A. Wedding Service.B. Booking hotels in London.C. Travelling around the world.D. Discounts for frequent travelers. Task 3Directions: The following is a letter of reply to a request for interviewee's resume. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Dear Mr. Smith,Thank you for responding so quickly to my employment inquiry. I have a great interest in the position of human resource management available and feel that I can provide the ideal match for its requirements. In response to your request, I am enclosing my resume for your review. It in-eludes details regarding my educational background and work experience for the last five years.I appreciate your interest in me and the qualifications I possess. I am confident that I will provide a meaningful addition to your staff. After you have had a chance to read my resume, please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or require any additional information.I look forward to meeting you in person to discuss this position and my credentials (资历) in further detail. I am available for an interview most mornings and early afternoons. You will find my contact information at the top of my enclosed resume. Thank you again for taking the time to respond to my application.Your early reply will be very much appreciated.Sincerely yours,John BrownA Letter of ApplicationJob applicant: (46)Position interested in： (47)Personal information provided in the resume:1) (48)2) (49) for the last five years3) contact informationTime available for an interview: most mornings and (50)Task 4Directions: The following is a list of traveling insurance terms. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.A--Child Help J--Personal MoneyB--Damaged Baggage K--Rental Vehicle ExcessC--Delayed Baggage L--Strike RiskD--Emergency Medical Operation M--Third Party InsuranceE--Hospital Allowance N--Travel DelayF--Logs of Deposit O--Travel DocumentsG--Medical Expenses P--Travel MisconnectionH--Personal Accident Q--War RiskI--Personal Liability51. ( )个人钱财 ( ) 医疗费用52. ( ) 人身意外事故 ( ) 住院补贴53. ( ) 行李延误 ( ) 押金损失54. ( ) 第3方责任险 ( ) 战争险55. ( ) 旅行文件 ( ) 儿童救助Task 5Directions: The following is an advertisement. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in no more than 3 words) should be writtenafter the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.CashPlus gives you extra cash when you need it.We all have times in our lives when we need extra money. Whether it's a wedding, or a dream holiday, or financing a business venture, CashPlus can give you the means.CashPlus is a personal line of credit that gives you cash at a low interest rate. And with no need for collateral (抵押品), application is easy.Generous Credit Limit. Up to $100,000 cash or twice your monthly income, whichever is lower, to use as you wish.Low Interest Rate. Enjoy a low interest rate of only 1.48 % per month or 17.8 % per annual as compared to other banks' credit cards. What's more, you only pay interest when you use it.Flexible Monthly Repayments. Enjoy flexible repayments from aslittle as 3% of your out-standing (未付的) balance or $30, whichever is higher. And with no fixed monthly payment, you have more control over your finance.Convenience of Online Banking. Pay bills, make account balance enquiries, view statements, arrange funds transfers and even take control of cheques issued, whenever and wherever through online banking.56. What service does Cashplus offer?It offers a ______ of credit.57. What is the upper credit limit for Cashplus?Up to ______.58. What is the benefit if you get cash from Cashplus?You can enjoy a ______.59. What is the advantage of Cashplus' monthly repayment?It's ______.60. How can Cashplus be used?Through ______.Part Ⅳ Translation——English into ChineseDirections: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test yourability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space onthe Translation/Composition Sheet.61. All of the information that you need to apply for your visa is available, free of charge, from WorldBridge's website, our commercial partner.A. 你申请签证所需要的一切证明材料全部都由我们的贸易网站WorldBridge向你提。

2010年职称英语考试已结束，为了更好的帮助大家学习和备考2011年职称英语考试，大家论坛特整理了2010年职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试真题及答案解析。

希望对大家考试学习和备考有用，祝大家顺利通过2011年职称英语考试！2010年职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad．A．tolerateB．generateC．reduceD．mensure2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone．A．equalB．immediateC．moderateD．great3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school．A．brightB．unclearC．generalD．bad4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education．A．specialB．privateC．generalD．good5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people．A．pictureB．dangerC．evidenceD．case6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil．A．doubtB．reliefC．failureD．confusion7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．A．loveB．surpriseC．angerD．doubt8．Y our dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day．A．energeticB．freeC．physicalD．regular9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues．A．boringB．originalC．humorousD．long10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth．A．attractB．spendC．encourageD．require11．He demolished my argument in minutes．A．supportedB．disprovedC．disputedD．accepted12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．A．closeB．sellC．breakD．combine13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．A．politeB．usualC．badD．similar14．The project required ten years of diligent research．A．hardworkingB．socialC．basicD．scientific15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison．A．necessaryB．terribleC．criticalD．normal第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2010年11月高级剑桥BEC全真预测试卷(1)总分：120分及格：72分考试时间：140分试题分6部分，共有52道题。

题型搭配题（一般为填空或者是选择），一般是短文或者段落搭配。

考生需要理解问题并通过快速阅读文章来判断他们的对应关系。

For each statement(1-8),mark one letter(A,B,CorD)on your Answer Sheet.(1)&#8226;Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about there relationship between strategic alliances and organizational learnin9．&#8226;Which article(A，B，C，D or E)does each statement {TSE}.refer to?&#8226;For each statement {TSE}，mark one letter(A，B，C，D or E)on your Answer Sheet．&#8226;You will need to use some of these letters more than Once．&#8226;There is an example at the beginnin9，(0)．(2)Negotiation of alliance between partners is a long and complex process．(3)Many firms stop at the first stage of successful alliance planning．(4)The extent to which an activity or business is considered core or non．core will play a significant role in how senior management will seek to use alliances in fosteringlearning．(5)A good beginning of a negotiation doesn’t mean a good ending．(6)Strategic alliance may bring negative effects to firms if not properly managed．(7)Learning from allied firms is limited to some extent in order to maintain a balanced relationship．(8)All key parameters of an alliance relationship have to be planned comprehensively．For each gap(9-14),mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet.(1)&#8226;Read this text taken from an article about how an event planner organizes the events and manages diverse individual personalities and takes control with style and grace．&#8226;Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps．&#8226;For each gap 9—14，mark one letter(A—H)on your Answer Sheet．&#8226;Do not use any letter more than once．&#8226;There is an example at the beginning，(0)．<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>根据以上选项，回答{TSE} 题：(2)请回答10 题。

关于2010年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试报名工作的通知各(院)系：根据高等学校英语应用能力考试委员会办公室通知精神，2010年6月全国将组织高等学校英语应用能力考试（以下简称A/B级）。

为了使我院落A/B级考试有序、高效地进行，请各系部广泛宣传，严格按照要求，认真做好报名组织工作，保证报名工作地顺利进行。

一、考试时间：2010年6月20日（星期日）A级：上午9：00（听力：9：00开始）B级：下午3：00（听力：3：00开始）二、考试级别高等学校英语应用能力考试分为A、B两级考试。

A级考试为高职高专学生应达到的标准要求，B级考试略低于A级考试，为过渡性要求。

同一班级的学生原则上参加一种级别的考试。

三、考试对象报考对象：全院学生注：整班报考的学生级别由各系根据学生情况自行确定，确保考试通过率；补考学生报考级别由学生自行确定,确保考试通过率。

四、考试报名1、报名程序（1）由班主任组织学生报名，按指定的报名数据模板填写相关信息，报名完后将报名信息的电子表打印让学生校对签名，如有出错请更正后将报名信息表发给学习委员处汇总，由学习委员将本班的报名信息表汇总后统一发至李响老师邮箱（lixiang@）。

（2）学习委员在报名的同时还需收集报考学生以身份证号命名的一寸彩色照片电子版，由学习委员将所有照片信息拷贝给李响老师，照片标准为：A、背景要求：背景布选取浅蓝色，要求垂感和吸光好；B、成像要求：图像清晰，头部和肩部比例合理，图像大小最小为192×144（高×宽）像素；C、文件格式要求：要求存储为JPG格式，图像文件名为：*.JPG，其中*为考生的身份证号；D、照片大小不超过20KB。

2、报名费用严格按照《省物价局、省财政厅关于核定高校英语应用能力考试等收费标准的复函》（苏价费[2003]269号）规定的标准收取费用，每生10元。

由班主任收缴后交教学秘书处，再由教学秘书以系部为单位收齐后交至学院结算中心。

2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________B.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2.less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.1.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlement2.other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________ ----- pointing at nose: secretC.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racialmakeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to controlinflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Wes terners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(黄包车并不是在那招呼游客的No.11答案) (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Re sidents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached bymotorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.(在加尔各答, 他们谁在街上、睡在他们的黄包车内或在”dera”内, 那是由某个酋长管理的由车库、修理店和宿舍的结合. 由此推出拉黄包车的人生活水平很低, 即No.12答案) For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.(对于那些没有土地又没接受教育的人来说, 在Kolkata的生活总好过在Bihar那赚钱, 推出在Kolkata的收入更高, 即No.13答案)There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.(因为他们抵触人拉人这样的做法, 又或者是因为这不是他们这种有地位的人该做的事情, 又有可能是因为他们认为拉黄包车的人是殖民主义的遗留物. 但讽刺的是, 他们中的一些人并不热心去反对黄包车, 由此推出这些人的态度是很复杂的, 即NO.14答案) The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Ric kshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as toask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.(又或者是, 就像我在2天的下雨天里, 能找到卖各种各样东西的人, 却找不到一个卖伞的, 表现作者幽默感.即NO.15答案) “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?”(哪个意见被采纳了?) I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That ha sn’t been decided,”(还没决定) he said.“When will it be decided?”(什么时候能决定下来?)“That hasn’t been decided,”(那也还没决定) he said.(由对话推出很难找到解决方法, 即NO.16答案)11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for thefollowing EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers fromBihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make aliving in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything butumbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passageseems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.(在最民主的机构, 只有以受骗的人才会去排队, 这些人仍有信念, 并在队伍中慢慢等待. 多数的可怜的人啊. 根据上下文推出只有普通人才需要排队. 即NO.17答案)Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding(NO.18 C), and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line (NO.18 B). This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores (NO.18 D).Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.(必然地, 一些半平民主义者的政治家发现了他们和平民百姓一齐排队的好处NO.19) This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New Y ork mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act,which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: V ery Important Persons, who don't wait, and V ery Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic ofinstitutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors andCongressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel,(在薄薄的大理石板背后是水泥和钢筋. NO.21) just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.(NO.25 A) The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.(NO.25 D) Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls,(NO.25 B) scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one,sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance. (在华丽外表的背后是现实的商业主义)B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit(剥削) gullible(以受骗的) people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.(没提有没人)C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraphEXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine w ilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.(NO.27) But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of wan t, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.(NO. 28) For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope,children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed(29 D) in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands(29 B), and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away(29 C). With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to。