Drugs

mule ：挟带毒品者，贩运私货的人A person used to transport drugs or contraband from one place to another.被用来从一地到另一地运送毒品或违禁品的人。

bootlegging ：贩卖违禁品The illegal distribution of items such as alcohol, drugs, firearms, etc.非法销售物品如酒类、毒品、枪支等。

accomplice ：同案Any person who takes part in a crime.参与犯罪的每个人。

adult business district ：红灯区A neighborhood zoned for pornographic bookstores and movie theaters, striptease bars, etc.划定的街区，作为开设色情书店、影院、脱衣舞场等的场所。

agricrime ：农业犯罪Sort for agricultural crime. The theft of crops and /or farm equipment. "agricultural crime"的缩写词，偷盗庄稼和/或农场设备的犯罪。

armed robbery ：武装抢劫The act of using a deadly weapon when raking or attempting to take property form another person or party.夺取或试图夺取他人或他方财物时使用致命武器的犯罪行为。

arrest warrant ：逮捕证A document that orders the arrest of an individual who has been accused with a crime. 对被指控犯罪的某人实施搜捕的文件。

孕妇禁服的药物（Drugs for pregnant women）There are many taboos in pregnant women medication. Because some drugs are more harmful to the fetus, and even lead to fetal malformations. There are many kinds of teratogenic agents, usually with the following drugs:1. Antibiotics. Such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin and so on. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline may cause fetal short limb malformations, congenital cataract, fontanelle bulge, late pregnancy taking can cause childhood enamel hypoplasia; streptomycin, gentamicin drugs can damage the fetus eighth of the brain, resulting in congenital deafness, also can damage the kidney function; neomycin can make fetal bone dysplasia, parallel to kidney, pulmonary artery stenosis, congenital cataract, intellectual disability.2. Antimalarial drugs. Such as quinine, chloroquine, pyrimidine, can cause multiple malformations of the fetus. Such as deafness, limb defect, hydrocephalus and so on.3, the treatment of diabetes drugs. Such as chlorine sulfur C, McCann, urine sugar, equal, can cause limb malformation, cleft lip, stillbirth etc..4. Barbiturates and other sedative hypnotic drugs. Such as phenytoin, primidone, stability, limb, facial deformity and can cause brain development.5. Anticancer drugs. Such as actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, 5 - fluorine Wo pyrimidine, thiotepa, can cause anencephaly,hydrocephalus, cleft palate, cleft lip, kidney and ureter defect, deformity of limbs and eyes.6. Hormone drugs. Such as diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, androgen, cortisone. Oral contraceptives cause malformations of fetal genital organs. Such as female fetal masculine, Yang pedicle hypertrophy, labia fusion, male fetal urethral following abnormalities.7. Anticoagulant drugs. Such as heparin, coumarin, aspirin, salicylic acid, etc. can also teratogenic, and can induce hemorrhagic diseases. In short, pregnancy should pay attention to avoid drug abuse, but in case of emergency situations endanger the safety of pregnant women, to medication, should be to save the life of the pregnant woman, when emergency situations in the past, should prompt a reduction or withdrawal. The idea that the fetus was refused medication was wrong. If the pregnant woman had a dangerous life, the fetus would talk about He Anquan. Therefore, in pregnant women medication problems, should distinguish between the primary and secondary contradictions, comprehensive consideration.1. penicillin: safer, including broad-spectrum penicillins, such as piperacillin. Oral, intramuscular, intravenous drip can be used for pregnant women. Warning: according to the recommended dosage, can not be excessive.2.: the same medicine and bacteria to erythromycin and roxithromycin, yarn, high molecular weight, is not easy to reach the fetus through the placenta, penicillin allergy can use the drug of choice for chlamydia and Mycoplasma infection.3. cephalosporin: there is no teratogenic effect at present.Tips: dangerous antibiotics ReportSome antibiotics can not be used by pregnant women because of their different side effects:Tetracycline: can cause yellow brown pigmentation of teeth, or storage in the fetal skeleton, but also can cause acute fatty liver and renal insufficiency in pregnant women.Gentamicin: kanamycin, and so on can cause damage to the fetal auditory nerve and kidney.Chloramphenicol: cause grey baby syndrome.Conclusion compound sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole tablets can cause neonatal jaundice, and can also antagonize folic acid.Furan gall bites: women suffering from urinary tract infection often choose, because it can cause hemolysis, should be used with caution.There is no report on the vancomycin: Although fetal risk, but renal toxicity to pregnant women, ototoxicity.The ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, irreversible arthritis occurred in the dog experiment.The anti tuberculosis drug use: when considering the pros and cons according to their size please ask the doctor.9 antifungal drugs: clotrimazole, nystatin, griseofulvin, pregnant women are not the best.The antiviral: do not advocate for pregnant women.4. metronidazole: insecticide, the treatment of Trichomonas infection, advocated early pregnancy does not use.5.: the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection, no adverse effects on the fetus.6. anthelmintic: animals have teratogenic effect, should be used with caution.7. digoxin: cardiac drug,It is easy to pass through the placenta and has no obvious adverse effect on the fetus, and the pregnant women with heart failure can be used.8. beta blockers: a report of fetal retardation.9. antihypertensive drugs: definite teratogenic effects of pregnant women is angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, such as Kato Pury, angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as losartan, other types of drugs such as calcium antagonists (on behalf of the heart medicine education, cause uterine blood flow can be reduced, diuretic administration can reduce thenear term should be used with caution, the cause of neonatal platelet work experiment acetazolamide limb deformity, pregnant women do not use.10. drugs for the treatment of asthma: such as tea, epinephrine, sodium citrate, prednisone, no teratogenic effect.11. anticonvulsant drugs: the incidence of fetal congenital malformations was 2-3 times higher than that of women who took anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy. Commonly used phenytoin sodium, C Masi Bing, trimethyl ketone, valproic acid and so on.12. antipsychotic drugs have teratogenic effects.13.: sedative drugs such as diazepam, estazolam, individual teratogenic effect.14. analgesic: acetaminophen can produce hepatotoxicity. Aspirin may be accompanied by oligohydramnios and premature closure of fetal ductus arteriosus. Bloven, Nai Pusheng, indomethacin can cause fetal arterial contraction leads to pulmonary hypertension and oligohydramnios, after 34 weeks of pregnancy should not use indomethacin, can cause fetal intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and adverse effects of necrotizing enterocolitis.15. antiemetic drugs: no deformity and increasing the service road.16. antitumor drugs: a clear teratogenic effect.17.: immunosuppressant azathioprine, cyclosporine has obvious toxicity on mother and infant.18. vitamin A: a large number of use can cause birth defects, the smallest human teratogenic quantity is 25000-50000iuld.19. vitamin A isomer: the treatment of skin diseases, retinoic acid in the embryonic phase of medication can produce a variety of malformations.20. acitretin (aromatic retinoic acid): for the treatment of psoriasis, half-life is very long, withdrawal of drugs in >2 years, there are still drug testing, so at least 2 years of drug withdrawal can be conceived.The 21. hormone class: albendazole, diethylstilbestrol, should not be used for pregnant women, oral contraceptive sand dune degree has a positive teratogenic effect.The standard of risk for pregnancy was issued by the American drug and Food Administration (FDA) during pregnancy:Type A: control studies showed no harm. It has been proved that this kind of medicine has no adverse effects on human fetus, and is the safest.Class B: no evidence of harm to human beings. Animal experiments are harmful to fetal animals, but have not been proven to be harmful to the fetus or animal experiments are harmless to the fetus, but there is no adequate study in humans.Class C: non exception hazards. Animal experiments may be harmful or lack of research on fetal animals, but lack of relevant studies in humans, but the benefits for pregnant women are greater than the harm to the fetus.Class D: harm to the fetus. Market research or research confirms that it is harmful to the fetus, but the benefits for pregnant women outweigh the risks to the fetus.Class X: forbidden during pregnancy. In human or animal studies, or market research shows that the harm to the fetus more than the benefit of pregnant women, pregnancy prohibited drugs.Grade standard of commonly used drugs:Antihistamines:Chlorpheniramine (B), Simiti Martin (B), diphenhydramine (B) and promethazine (C)Two. Anti infective drugs:1. anthelmintic: gentian violet (C)2. antimalarial drug: chloroquine (D)3. Trichomonas agents: metronidazole (B)4. antibiotics: amikacin (C), gentamicin (C), kanamycin (D), neomycin (D),Cephalosporins (B), streptomycin (D), penicillins (B), tetracycline (D) and oxytetracycline (D),Chlortetracycline (D) and Bacillus peptide (C), chloramphenicol (C), erythromycin (B), Lincomycin (B) and stickyActinomycin B (B) and vancomycin (C)5. other antibiotics: SMZ-TMP (B/C) and trimethoprim (C), furazolidone, nitrofurantoin (C)Cause (B)6. anti tuberculosis drugs: ethambutol (B), isoniazid (C), Li Fuping (C), and salicylic acid (C)7. antifungal agents: clotrimazole (C), miconazole (C), nystatin (B)8. antiviral agents: amantadine (C), adenosine arabinoside (C), ribavirin (X), C, and noneCyclic guanosine (C)Three. Antineoplastic agents:Bleomycin (D), cyclophosphamide (D), D, cisplatin (D), cytarabine (D), and moreLincomycin (D), thiotepa (D) and daunorubicin (D), adriamycin(D) and 5-fluorouracil (D), nitrogenMustard (D), Ma Falan (D), methotrexate (D), vincristine (D)Four. Autonomic nervous system drugs:1. cholinergic drugs: acetylcholine (C) and neostigmine (C)2. anticholinergic drugs: atropine, belladonna (C) (C), Proulx Bernd Sin (C)3. adrenergic drugs: epinephrine (C), norepinephrine (D), ephedrine (C), and isoproterenolC, D, Dobaamine (C), dobutamine (C), B, and hydroxyEphedrine (B)Five. Central nervous system drugs:1. central stimulant: caffeine (B)2. antipyretic analgesics: acetylsalicylic acid (C/D), Fi Bernard Shiden (B), sodium salicylate (C/D)3. non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: indomethacin (B/D)4.: analgesic codeine, morphine (B/D) (B/D), opioid (B/D) and pethidine (B/D), narloKetone (C)5. sedative, hypnotic: amobarbital (C), Babito (C), Bernd Bobby Toy (B), chloral hydrate (C), ethanol (D/X), diazepam (D) and nitro (C)6. diazepam: droperidol (C) and chlorpromazine (C)7. antidepressants: doxepin (C)Six. Cardiovascular drugs:1.: digitalis cardiac glycosides (B) (B), digoxin, digitoxin(B), quinidine (C)2. antihypertensive drugs: clonidine (C), Ca Guido Ba (C), B,D and prazosin(C)3. vasodilator drugs: C, Pan Shengding (C), two isosorbide dinitrate (C),Result (C)Seven. DiureticsHydrochlorothiazide (D) and ethacrynic acid (D) and furosemide (C), Gan Luchun (C), triamterene (D)Eight. Digestive system drugs:Compound Camphor Tincture (B/D)Nine. Hormones:1. adrenal cortex hormone: cortisone (D), Batamison (C), dexamethasone (C), hydrocortisone (prednisone)B)2. estrogen: diethylstilbestrol (X), estradiol (D), oral contraceptive pill (D)3. progesterone: progesterone (D)4. hypoglycemic drugs: insulin (B), sulfonylurea (D), methyl sulfonyl Ding Niao (D)5.: antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (D) and methimazole (D)This paper is reproduced from QQ spacePenicillin: can destroy fetal red blood cell, cause serious jaundice, cause fetal death. Yangzhou First People's Hospital gynecology YulinStreptomycin: congenital deafness, skeletal deformity.Tetracycline induced amelogenesis imperfecta, skeletal and heart malformations, congenital cataract, short limb or defect (e.g. four fingers), neonatal jaundice, the most serious personcan appear kernicterus and even death.Oxytetracycline and doxycycline: make fetal short limb deformity.Chloramphenicol induced blood circulation disorders, respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis, neonatal abdominal distension (i.e. "gray baby syndrome"). If used in the end of pregnancy, it can cause neonatal thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia or fetal death.Cara: deafness.Erythromycin: congenital cataract, limb deformities and so on.Gentamicin: fetal ear damage, and even lead to congenital gastric vascular malformation and polycystic kidney.Sulfa drugs (mainly based on long-acting sulfonamides and antibacterial synergist): hyperbilirubinemia, brain nuclear jaundice, deformity.Heroin: respiratory depression and death in the fetus.Pethidine: caused by neonatal asphyxia.Morphine: the inhibition of neonatal respiration and the withdrawal of the newborn like withdrawal, such as taking a week before delivery, can cause neonatal spasms, excitement and shrill cry.Aspirin: cause fetal small, malformation, cause neonatal prothrombin reduction group and bleeding and liver detoxification dysfunction.Finasteride and paracetamol: neonatal hypercholesterolemia.Indomethacin: cause jaundice and aplastic anemia.Barbiturate induced fetal heart: congenital malformation, facial and hand retardation, cleft lip and cleft palate.Primidone: fetal finger and toe deformities, late pregnancy can cause fetal asphyxia, taking hemorrhage and brain injury.Sleeping pills: malformations.Valium, tranquility, insomnia, and sleep induction can cause fetal abnormalities and become pregnant women.Activin induced cleft palate.Insulin: causes miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and other congenital malformations.Progesterone: masculine female fetus.Cortisone and prednisone: fetal cleft lip and cleft palate. Cortisone can also cause fetal absence, premature delivery, premature death.Progesterone and testosterone: abnormalities of fetal externalgenital organs.Vitamin D: large doses, can cause fetal hypercalcemia and mental retardation.Vitamin K: a large number of taking, can cause hyperbilirubinemia, nuclear jaundice.Vitamin B6: a large number of taking, can cause neonatal vitamin B6 dependence, convulsions. Vitamin B6 derivatives naofuxin, caused by cleft lip in animal experiments, should be used with caution.Vitamins: if taken during pregnancy in the first three months of the risk of neurological deficiency in infants go through thick and thin together up to 60%.Promethazine hydrochloride: fetal limb deformities.Antimalarial drugs quinine, chloride, and pyrimidine: can cause hydrocephalus, bulging, cleft palate, renal arrest, development or malformation, retinal damage.Chlorpheniramine, Meclozine, An Qimin, and other anti allergy medicine diphenhydramine Dramamine: in addition to potentially induced cleft palate, cleft lip, short limb function, can also cause liver poisoning and brain injury, neonatal respiratory inhibition.Fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, can cause fetal limb, nose, palate, urinary tract deformity and death.Methotrexate: no fetal brain, hydrocephalus, encephalocele, cleft lip, cleft palate, or limb deformities.Hydroxyurea and busulfan induced multiple malformations.Bai Ning: caused by the injury of central nervous system and brain.6- purine, testosterone propionate and L- L-asparaginase: fetal malformations.It can cause kidney and ureter defect.Fetal death caused by pethidine, 5-, fluorouracil, mitomycin C and colchicine. It is safer to use these antineoplastic agents after sixteenth weeks of pregnancy.Coumarin drugs: can cause fetal skin bleeding spots, brain disorders, placental abruption, bone and facial deformity, mental retardation or fetal death.Warfarin: nasal dysplasia, malformations.D860, a kind of sulfonylurea, can induce abortion and premature delivery, and has the effect of promoting distortion.MTU, propylthiouracil, methimazole, jiakangping, potassium iodide: induced hypothyroidism, cretinism, delayed ossification and hypospadias.Hydrochlorothiazide or cyclopenthiazide: can cause neonatal thrombocytopenia.Reserpine: cause neonatal poisoning, nasal congestion, respiratory obstruction, and even death due to lack of oxygen.Caffeine causes cleft lip and palate.Ether: a large number of continuous use, can cause fetal death.All arsenic containing drugs: all cause fetal death.Polymyxin E, B and vancomycin: taking too much time, so that pregnant women suffered from acute renal failure, the children are susceptible to neuromuscular blockade, ataxia, vertigo, seizures and mouth week after birth 3 years paresthesia. Vancomycin can also cause temporary or permanent hearing loss in infants.Rifampicin: fetal malformation.Anti fungal drugs griseofulvin, amphotericin B, nystatin, clotrimazole: serious adverse reactions of pregnant women's nervous system, hematopoietic system, liver and kidney function. Griseofulvin also led to abortion and teratism.Triamterene (three methotrexate): liver damage, change of maternal blood.Hydrochlorothiazide: adverse effects on the fetus.Furosemide: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, drug rash, itching, blurred vision, postural hypotension and even water and electrolyte disorders in pregnant women and parturient.Diuretics: can cause transient hearing loss and sometimes develop permanent hearing loss.Other: alcoholism pregnant women newborns showed withdrawal like inhibitory state; multiple abnormalities can cause fetal alcohol. The contraceptive pill should be pregnant after six months of complete withdrawal of the drug, so as to avoid the birth of malformation or dementia caused by improper medication。

药学Pharmacology前沿·热点Research Hot/Frontiers计算机辅助药物设计Computer-Aided Drug Design 新药研发Drug Discovery药物输送Drug Delivery药物转运体Drug Transporter药物不良反应Adverse Drug Reaction药物代谢酶Drug Metabolizing Enzymes潜在药物靶点Potential drug targets药物相互作用Drug-Drug Interaction基因多态性Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms多药耐药Multidrug resistance交叉耐药Cross-resistance剂量-反应曲线Dose-response curve给药途径Route of Administration药物代谢Drug Metabolism药物载体Drug carrier药物评价Drug Evaluation药物筛选Drug Screening配药学Pharmacy药剂师Pharmacists制药历史History of pharmacy中药Chinese Pharmacy日本汉方药学Japanese pharmacy社区药房Community pharmacy医院药房Hospital pharmacy临床药学Clinical pharmacy组合药学Compounding pharmacy高级顾问药师Consultant pharmacy互联网药房Internet pharmacy兽药Veterinary pharmacy核药学Nuclear pharmacy军事药学Military pharmacy药学情报Pharmacy informatics药剂学Pharmaceutics新化学个体new chemical entity (NCE)剂型设计dosage form design纯药pure drug substance药片Tablet胶囊Capsule硬胶囊Hard Capsule软胶囊Soft Capsule微型胶囊Microencapsule栓剂Suppository注射Injection阴道栓剂Pessary乳霜剂Cream软膏剂Ointment滴眼药Eye drop滴耳药Ear drop吸入剂Inhalation鼻喷剂Nasal spray穿透皮肤药贴Transdermal patch乳胶剂Emulsion悬浮剂Suspension散布剂Dispersion溶解Solution体内植入物Implant洗剂Lotion嵌入Inserts粉末Powder凝胶Gels药贴Paste新药物缓释系统Novel drug delivery systems药物化学Medicinal chemistry配药化学pharmaceutical chemistry结构-活性数量关系quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)金属基药物metal-based drugs合成化学combinatorial chemistry药效团pharmacophore先导化合物lead compounds最优化Optimization临床试验clinical trials药学实习Pharmacy practice药理学Pharmacology药效drug action医药品pharmaceuticals药物成分drug composition毒物学toxicology代谢途径metabolic pathways药代动力学Pharmacokinetics治疗指数therapeutic index治疗窗Therapeutic Window治疗药物临测therapeutic drug monitoring 心理药理学Psychopharmacology潜在药物potential drugs有效成分Constituents迷幻药psychedelic兴奋剂recreational drugs精神障碍mental disorders精神活性药物Psychoactive drugs致幻药hallucinogenic drugs镇定剂tranquillizers抗抑郁药antidepressants精神分裂症schizophrenia血脑屏障blood-brain barrier副作用side effects药物遗传学Pharmacogenetics遗传变异genetic variation药物基因组学pharmacogenomics药物不良反应Adverse drug reactions生物异源物质xenobiotics自身免疫病autoimmune disease药物代谢drug metabolismThiopurinesTPMT药物流行病学Pharmacoepidemiology毒理学Toxicology毒性toxicity剂量dose剂量反应关系dose-response relationship半數致死量LD50 Toxicogenomics毒液venom毒素toxins剂量学posology生药学Pharmacognosy人种药理学Ethnopharmacology 植物治疗法phytotherapyDrug Synergism天然药crude drugs植物化学phytochemistry替代疗法alternative medicine。

医药行业英语专业术语1. Pharmaceutical industry: the industry that researches, develops, produces, and markets drugs for medical use.2. Drug development: the process of researching and developing new drugs or therapies, including preclinical and clinical trials.3. Clinical trial: a research study that tests the safety and effectiveness of a new drug or medical treatment on human subjects.4. Generic drug: a drug that is produced and marketed without patent protection, usually after the patent on the original brand-name drug has expired.5. Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API): the chemical substance responsible for the pharmacological effects of a drug.6. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: drugs that can be purchased without a prescription, typically used for the treatment of common ailments.7. Prescription drug: a drug that can only be legally obtained with a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional.8. Drug interaction: a situation in which two or more drugs interact with each other and produce unintended effects or alter the effectiveness of one or more of the drugs.9. Pharmacokinetics: the study of how a drug is absorbed,distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.10. Pharmacodynamics: the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.11. Adverse drug reaction (ADR): an unwanted or harmful reaction to a medication, ranging from mild side effects to severe allergic reactions.12. Pharmaceutical formulation: the process of creating a drug product by combining the active pharmaceutical ingredient with other ingredients to produce a dosage form, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.13. Pharmacovigilance: the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem.14. Bioavailability: the rate and extent to which an active drug ingredient is absorbed and reaches the systemic circulation to produce its intended effects.15. Pharmacoeconomics: the study of the cost-effectiveness, value, and outcomes of pharmaceutical interventions, including the evaluation of drug pricing and reimbursement models.16. Drug delivery system: a system or device that delivers a drug to the targeted site in the body, such as transdermal patches, inhalers, or implantable devices.17. Pharmaceutical marketing: the activities and strategies aimed at promoting and advertising pharmaceutical products to healthcare professionals and consumers.18. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality, safety, and consistency of pharmaceutical products during their manufacturing process.19. Pharmacogenomics: the study of how a person's genes influence their response to drugs, allowing for personalized medicine and optimized drug therapy.20. Biopharmaceuticals: drugs that are produced using biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA technology, typically derived from living organisms.。

医学常用药品英文翻译Medical Translation of Commonly Used DrugsIntroduction:In the field of medicine, accurate translation of commonly used drugs is crucial for effective communication and understanding between healthcare professionals around the world. This article aims to provide English translations for a selection of frequently prescribed medications, ensuring clarity and consistency in the medical community.1. Analgesics (止痛药)1.1 Paracetamol (扑热息痛) - Also known as Acetaminophen1.2 Ibuprofen (布洛芬) - Remains the same in English translation2. Antibiotics (抗生素)2.1 Amoxicillin (阿莫西林) - Maintains the same name in English2.2 Ciprofloxacin (环丙沙星) - Stays identical in English translation3. Antidepressants (抗抑郁药)3.1 Fluoxetine (氟西汀) - The English translation remains Fluoxetine3.2 Sertraline (舍曲林) - Retains the name Sertraline in English4. Antihistamines (抗组胺药)4.1 Loratadine (氯雷他定) - Maintains the same name in English4.2 Cetirizine (西替利嗪) - Stays identical in English translation5. Antipyretics (退热药)5.1 Aspirin (阿司匹林) - The English translation remains Aspirin5.2 Paracetamol (扑热息痛) - Known as Acetaminophen in English6. Antivirals (抗病毒药)6.1 Oseltamivir (奥司他韦) - Maintains the same name in English6.2 Acyclovir (阿昔洛韦) - Stays identical in English translation7. Bronchodilators (支气管扩张剂)7.1 Salbutamol (沙丁胺醇) - Known as Albuterol in English7.2 Ipratropium bromide (异丙托溴铵) - Maintains the same name in English8. Diuretics (利尿药)8.1 Furosemide (呋塞米) - The English translation remains Furosemide8.2 Hydrochlorothiazide (氢氯噻嗪) - Stays identical in English translation9. Hypoglycemics (降糖药)9.1 Metformin (二甲双胍) - Maintains the same name in English9.2 Glimepiride (格列美脲) - Retains the name Glimepiride in English10. Sedatives (镇静剂)10.1 Diazepam (地西泮) - Known as Valium in English10.2 Lorazepam (劳拉西泮) - Maintains the same name in EnglishConclusion:Accurate translation of commonly used drugs in the medical field is essential for effective communication and understanding. By providing English translations for a selection of frequently prescribed medications, this article aims to contribute to the clarity and consistency of medical terminology worldwide. It is important to note that the translated names provided in this article are widely accepted, but some variations may exist in different regions or countries.。

基本药物basic drugsThe State Council has ramped up measures to ensure a steady supply of basic and first-aid drugs. Medical institutions will face tighter drug use supervision so that basic medicines have priority in both procurement and utilization. The proportion of basic medicines to total drug stock will be raised at State-run grassroots hospitals, the statement said.声明说，国务院已强化措施以确保基本药物和急救药品的稳定供应。

医疗机构将面临更严格的药品使用监管，使基本药物在采购和使用上都有优先权。

基本药物占药品库存总量的比例将在国营基层医院提高。

We will put an end to the practices of hospitals funding their operations with profits from overpriced drugs, and improve the system for medicine supply.杜绝医院以高价药牟利养医的行为，完善药品供应体系。

We should put more effort in building health and medicine systems and work for breakthroughs in modern hospital management, medical insurance, medicine supply, comprehensive supervision, and a diagnosis and treatment mechanism based on the severity of illnesses.着力推进卫生医疗体系建设，在现代医院管理、医疗保险、药品供应、综合监管、分级诊疗机制等方面取得突破性进展。

drug词根《drug词根》1. 单词概述单词：drug含义：这个单词大家肯定都不陌生啦。

“drug”主要的意思是“药物”，像我们生病的时候，医生开给我们用来治病的那些药丸、药水之类的都可以叫做“drug”。

不过呢，这个词还有“毒品”的意思，在那种禁毒的宣传中，经常能看到这个词表示那些危害人们健康、让人上瘾的坏东西，这可真是个很复杂的单词呢，就像一把双刃剑，能救人也能害人。

2. 词根词缀解析词根：“drag -”：来源于古英语，表示“拉，拽”。

这个词根的来源可有些年头了，它从古老的英语里就存在啦，表示一种力量，就像把什么东西拉着走的那种感觉。

词缀：没有特定的词缀与“drug”这个单词有直接的组合形成特殊含义（在这个单词里主要是词根起关键表意作用）。

合成逻辑：虽然没有典型的词缀组合逻辑，但从词根“drag -”表示“拉，拽”的意思来推测，也许早期人们觉得药物（不管是治病的药还是毒品这种坏东西）对人的身体或者精神有着一种“拉拽”的影响力。

就好像药物进入身体后，会把身体的机能朝着好或者坏的方向拉拽，要么拉向健康，要么拉向堕落。

3. 应用短文与场景应用短文1：I was walking down the street the other day when I saw this old guy sitting on a bench. He looked really sick and pale. I went up to him and asked if he was okay. He said he had a headache that just wouldn't go away. I told him he should go to the doctor and get some drugs to make him feel better. He shook his head and said he was afraid of taking drugs. I was a bit surprised and said, "But not all drugs are bad. The ones the doctor gives you are to help you get well, like a magic key to unlock the door of health." He still seemed hesitant. I then said, "Think of drugs as little soldiers that the doctor sends into your body to fight off the illness. They're not like the bad drugs that people use to get high." Finally, he seemed to understand a bit better and said he'd think about it.中文翻译：前几天我正在街上走，看到一个老家伙坐在长椅上。