(总结)动词被动语态

学习必备欢迎下载动词的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。

主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。

例如：We swept the floor.我们打扫了地板。

（主动语态）The floor was swept.地板被打扫过。

（被动语态）1.1、被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。

be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。

a被动语态的肯定句Apple trees are planted in the south.苹果树不种在南方。

b被动语态的否定句The building hasn't been completed.这座建筑物没有竣工。

c被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）Are they made in China? Yes, they are.它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。

Was the museum built in 1993? No, it was built in 1986.这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？不，它是在1986年建成的。

d 被动语态的特殊疑问句被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt）。

What is the machine used for? It is used for making paper.这台机器用来作什么？它是用来造纸的。

Where were the car made? They were made in China.这些小汽车是哪里制造的？它们是中国制造的。

2）被动语态的几种时态形式（以动词ask为例）：1．一般现在时结构：主语＋am / is / are + 过去分词主动句：She cleans her room every day.被动句：Her room is cleaned (by her) every day. (肯定句）否定句：Her room isn’t cleaned (by her) every day.一般疑问句：Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2.一般过去时结构：主语＋was / were +过去分词主动句：The workers made the VCD last week.被动句：The VCD was made by the workers last week.(肯定句)否定句: The VCD wasn’t made by the workers last w eek.一般疑问句：Was the VCD made by the workers last week?3. 一般将来时结构：主语＋will be + 过去分词主动句：My father will send me to America soon.肯定句：I will be sent to America by my father soon.否定句：I won’t be sent to America by my father soon.一般疑问句：Will you be sent to America by your father soon?4. 过去将来时结构：主语＋would be + 过去分词主动句：He said he would punish the naughty boy tonight.肯定句：He said the naughty boy would be punished by him tonight.否定句：He said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished by him tonight.5. 现在进行时结构：主语＋am / is / are + being + 过去分词主动句：He is telling a story now.肯定句：A story is being told by him now.否定句：A story isn’t being told by him now.一般疑问句：Is a story being told by him now?6. 过去进行时结构：主语＋was / were + being + 过去分词主动句：He was telling a story when I came in.肯定句：A story was being told by him when I came in.否定句：A story wasn’t being told by him when I came in.一般疑问句：Was a story being told by him when I came in?7. 现在完成时结构：主语＋have / has +been + 过去分词主动句: The boy has finished the work.肯定句: The work has been finished by the boy.否定句: The work hasn’t been finished by the boy.一般疑问句: Has the work been finished by the boy?8. 过去完成时结构：主语+ had + been + 过去分词主动句: They had built ten buildings by 2003.肯定句: Ten buildings had been built by them by 2003.否定句: Ten buildings hadn’t been built by them by 2003.一般疑问句: Had ten buildings been built by them by 2003?1.2、什么时候使用被动语态1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。

The meeting was held last week.会议上周召开了。

English is taught in all middle schools.所有中学都开设英语课。

2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。

Teapots are used for drinking.茶壶是饮水用的。

Where's cotton produced?棉花产于何地？1.3、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。

把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。

2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。

3）将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。

例如：People use radios for listening to the news.（主动）→Radios are use for listening to the news by people.（被动）I posted a letter last week.（主动）→A letter was posted by me last week.（被动）注意：在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。

例如：We heard her sing an English song.（主动）→She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动）1.4、主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。

例如：The workers are building a ship.（主动语态）→The ship is being built by the workers.（被动语态）I have finished the exercises.（主动语态）→The exercises have been finished by me.（被动语态）2）谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。

例如：I sent him a present. （主动语态）→He was sent a present by me.（被动语态）A present was sent to him by me.（被动语态）注意：a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask, answer, teach等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语。

例如：He asked us a lot of questions.（主动语态）→We were asked a lot of questions by him.b)在主动句中有些动词，如build, buy, choose等变成被动句时，将直接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语。

例如：My father bought me a new bike.（主动语态）→The new bike was bou ght for me by my father.（被动语态）3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。

例如：He left the door open.（主动语态）他让门开着。

→The door was left open by him.（被动语态）门由他打开着。

4）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。

但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

例如：We must take good care of our books.（主动语态）→Our books must be taken good care of.（被动语态）我们应该保管好我们的书本。

我们的书本应保管好。

（被动）5）谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.）例如：We must finish it at once. （主动语态）我们必须马上做完这件事。

→It must be finished at once（被动语态）这件事必须马上做完。

6）带有be going to结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。

结构为：sth be going to be done。

例如：I am going to close the door.（主动语态）我将去关门。

→The door is going to be closed.（被动语态）门将要关上。