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无被动语态的动词及短语Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】无被动语态的动词及短语1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等It sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.。
短语动词与动词短语区别区别：英语中短语动词与动词短语是不相同的两个概念。
短语动词是英语习语的一个重要类别，而动词短语是一种自由词组。
从词汇学的角度看，它们分属于两个不同的范畴：词类和短语。
从结构看短语动词是由动词加上小品词生成的，而动词短语则是由转换生成语法学派提出的动词加上其他词类构成的短语结构。
短语动词(Phrasal verb)又称“动词词组”，它们是由一个动词和其它词类在一起构成的固定搭配，即由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组，其作用和动词差不多。
有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
因此我们可以把它们看作一个整体，像一般实义动词一样使用。
不同于介词短语，介词和其他代词或名词搭配形成介词短语。
英语中一些常用动词常可以与某些介词、副词或其他词构成意义不同的习语（idioms）。
这些组合一般只作为一个整体使用，因此被称为短语动词。
本章分四小节：1）Verb + Preposition；2）Verb + Adverb；3）Verb + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition ；4）Verb + Adverb + Preposition动词+介词1 动词+介词（Verb + preposition）这类短语动词的宾语不论是名词还是人称代词，都要放在短语动词的后面。
"不及物动词+介词"具有原来的字面含义a），或一种或者多种引申的意义b）。
a）系列中动词作其伴生词面意义，与介词有固定关系，属于介词动词，而b）系列中，动词和介词在一起构成一个习惯性的，常常是比喻性的语义单位，属于短语动词，b）系列中的动词一般都允许有相应的被动态。
例如：动词+副词2 动词+副词（Verb + adverb）这类短语动词，有的相当于一个及物动词。
--Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only. 必须注意，本组短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态。
主动句和被动句大多数“主－动－宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。
规则如下：（1）将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。
例如：This factory produces machine tools.→Machine tools are produced in this factory.The found a wallet in the car.→A wallet was found in the car.They are repairing the bridge.→The bridge is being repaired.They have repaired the bridge.→The bridge has been repaired.They often make fun of her.→She is often made fun of.He took great care of his books.→His books were taken great care of.→Great care was taken of his books.（2）如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。
例如：They should do this right now.→This should be done right now.They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.→The applicants may be being interviewed at the moment.They must have finished their work.→Their work must have been finishedHe is likely to let you down.→You are likely to be let down.（3）当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by-词组中表达出来。
不能用于被动语态的情况1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have,fit，suit，hold（容纳）, cost, suffer, last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。
如：They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much／What does it cost？这值多少钱？Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。
若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。
试比较：They arrived at a decision．A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。
（不说：The station was arrived at．）He looked into the question．The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。
如：The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well，easily等）时。
主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。
备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之英语语态“知识条目”高效练结构2 无被动语态的情况【要点回顾】1、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当“主动宾”结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句：Linda resembles her mother.琳达象她母亲。
This red coat becomes her.这件红上衣合她的身。
The auditorium holds 2000 people.大礼堂能容纳两千人。
My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合脚。
Jack always lacks confidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。
但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，专家也会犯这种错误。
有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by－词组，可以有被动句。
如：All my things are held in this box.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。
2、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。
例如：She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京。
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人。
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚。
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。
3、当“主动宾”结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。
例如：The doctor dedicated herself to finding a cure.这位医生为寻求一种治疗方法奉献了她的一生。
“动词+ 名词+ 介词”构成的短语动词的被动态英语中的短语动词种类繁多，数量巨大，使用频繁。
其中有一种是由“动词+名词+介词（+宾语）”构成的。
由这类短语动词充当谓语的主动句在转换为被动句时呈现复杂的情况：1）既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语；2）只可以把动词宾语转化为被动句的主语；3）只可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语；4）不能用于被动态。
所以英语学习者对此感到难以把握，很有探讨一下的必要。
请先看高考英语“单项填空”部分中的一些试题及其相应的主动句：（1）Good care must ______ babies particularly while they are ill. (1992 年高考上海卷)A. takeB. take ofC. be takenD. be taken of→We must take good care of babies particularly while they are ill.（2）More attention should be paid ______ our education if possible. (1995 年高考上海卷) A. to developing B. to development C. to develop D. for developing→We should pay more attention to developing our education if possible.（3）I promise that the matter will _______. (1987 年高考全国卷)A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of→I promise that I will take care of the matter.一、既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句主语的情况这类短语动词主要是由make, pay, put, take等少数几个动词组成的。
高考高中英语核心语法详解动词不定式一、基础知识1.构成方式：动词原形前加to 构成，即 to + v；同时继承原形动词本身的所有用法；传统语法上也叫非谓语动词。
常见形式：以do为例一般时：主动态 to do（原形） ;被动态 to be + done （过去分词）；进行时：主动态 to be + doing(现在分词)；无被动态；完成时：主动态 to have +done (过去分词)；被动态 to have been+ done过去分词）；完成进行时：主动态 to have been +doing (现在分词)；无被动态；否定形式： not/never to + v；2.内在含义：未做之事，具有不确定的语气；要去做某事，或是未来的一种状态。
3. 动词不定式to的省略（1）使役动词，指的是像 let, make, have, get…之类的动词，共同点是都带有强迫意味，没有不确定的语气。
Now let the boy go.现在让男孩走。
(2) 感官动词，指的是像 see, hear, feel, smell…之类的动词，表示看到、听到、感觉到后面那件事情应该确实发生了，才能够看到或听到。
不适合采用具有不确定意味的不定词.Did you feel the desk shake? 你感到课桌摇晃了吗？4. 表示不定式to与介词to的区别不定式to，介词也拼成to，有时会造成混淆。
不定式的to带有不确定语气，后面要接原形动词；介词 to 类似 toward，表示「对、向」，后面要接名词（包括动名词）。
（1）I used to walk 3 km to school when I was a kid. （我小时候经常走三公里上学。
）（表示过去的习惯,即要去做什么）（2）I am looking forward to spending the weekend in the mountains.（我盼望到山上去过周末。
动词语态1、动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态2、被动语态的动词形式：be（助动词）+done（过去分词）一般现在时被动式am/is/are +done 否定am/is/are not done一般过去式被动式was/were+done 否定was/were not done一般将来时被动式will be +done 否定will not be doneAm/is/are gong to be+done 否定am/is/are not going to be done现在完成时被动式have/has been+done have/has not been done含情态动词情态动词+be+done 否定情态动词not be done3、主动语态变为被动语态的方法（1）主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语（如果是代词，应将宾格形式改为主格形式，）（2）主动句中的谓语动词由主动态变为被动态（be+过去分词）（3）主动句中的主语变为被动语中by的宾语，放在谓语动词后面。
当不强调动作的执行者时，by短语可以省略（注意by是加上去的）例句：many people speak englishEnglish is spoken by many people4、主动语态变成被动语态时注意以下几点（1）含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，可以将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个不变。
一般把间接宾语变为主语。
如果把直接宾语改为主语，要在间接宾语前加适当的介词（to或for）【例句】my uncle gave me a pen yesterdayI was given a pen by uncle yesterdayA pen was given to me by my uncle yesterday【例句】mother bought me a new bikeI was bought a new bike by motherA new bike was bought for me by mother（2）如果主动句中的谓语是短语动词，变为被动句时，短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉【例句】the nurse will take care of the childrenThe children will be taken care of by the nurse（3）在let ，make ，hear ，notice ，watch ，feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但改成被动句时应加上to【例句】the doctor made me stay in bed for three daysI was made to stay in bed for three days（4）含有复合的主动句变成被动句时：将其中的宾语变成主语，宾补不变【例句】we must keep our classroom cleanOur class must be kept clean5、记住下列情况不用被动态①系动词不用作被动语态②不及物动词不用被动语态。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校考点14 动词的被动语态高考频度：★★★★★动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。
高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。
预计高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
【复习建议】1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
知识网络考向一被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：被动语态的特殊结构形式（1）带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.（2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.（3）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.（4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
被动语态八注意初中英语语法系列1．我们知道，主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式，例如：Everyone likes the interesting film. (主动语态) →The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态 They used knives to cut things. (主动语态) →Knives are used to cut things. (被动语态)但是，并非所有由“be +过去分词”构成的形式就是被动语态。
有时过去分词已经变为形容词，表示一种状态。
试比较：My brother is very interested in English. 我哥哥对英语非常感兴趣。
（状态）My brother was interested by what I told him. 我告诉他的话让我哥哥非常感兴趣。
（动态）2．在被动语态中谓语动词一定是及物动词，也就是说必须跟宾语的动词。
如：We can make metals into different shapes. (主动语态) →Metals can be made into different shapes. (被动语态) 在主动语态中make是及物动词，其动作的承受者即宾语是metals。
但是，并非所有的及物动词都有被动语态。
比如，表示静态的动词（have、belong to）、宾语是反身代词或相互代词等。
例如：He has a nice house. 他有一所漂亮的房子。
We must help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
3．主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态时通常变为由介词by 的引出的宾语。
如：They have already cut down the trees. →The trees have already been cut down by them. 那些树木已经被他们砍光。
动词的时态和语态总结I、动词的时态：1、动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask进行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成进行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have beenaskingshould/would have been asking II、动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9将来完成时will/would have been asked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。
固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。
如：Trees should not be planted in summer、 / The boy was made fun of by his classmates、Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl、汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。
（一）动词概述动词是表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。
根据其词义和其在谓语中的作用可分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
根据其在句子中的功用可分为及物动词，不及物动词和连系动词。
1）实义动词：意义完全，能独立用作谓语。
如：enable，watch，run，open等。
2）连系动词：是一个表示谓语关系的动词。
它必须在后面接表语（通常为名词或形容词）。
如：seem，look，smell，taste，sound，get，become，turn，be等。
3）助动词：本身没有词汇意义。
不能单独用作谓语。
在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。
如：do，does，did等。
4）情态动词：词义不完全。
在句中不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起构成谓语。
如：can，may，must，need，ought to等。
（二）动词的时态1.动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask进行am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked完成进行have/has beenaskinghad been askingshall/will have beenaskingshould/would have beenasking1）一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
模块七第一单元语法及物动词和不及物动词Learning aims: students are expected to learn some transitive and intransitive wordsTeaching important and difficult language points: enlarge their words and let them know more ransitive and intransitive phrases只要是动词都有这么分的，标注vt的是及物动词，标注vi 的是不及物动词。
不及物动词没有被动态。
动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（transitive verb）、不及物动词（intransitive verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
英语动词是句子的核心。
它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。
首先，要分清及物不及物动词。
动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a．主要用作及物动词。
及物动词后面必须跟宾语。
可用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。
如：he reached paris the day before yesterday.they asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise,raise, find, forget,receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select,suppose, show, make, take, tell....1、及物动词是必须带宾语的动词，可分为如下两类。
1) 及物动词＋宾语例：I love my home. 我爱我家。
英语语法：非谓语动词用法概述在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）。
非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
其特点是：1．不定式、动名词和分词能够做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、实行态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词能够做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。
但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这个点能够通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。
它也不受主语人称和数的限制。
不定式1．结构不定式的主动态是to do，其否定式是not to do，被动态是to be done，实行态是to be doing，完成态是to have done.例：1996年6月四级第24题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation.A） has left B） is to leave C） leaves D）is to be left结合选项来看，全句的意思："78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的很多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家"，所以需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D） is to be left.2．不定式做主语例：1995年1月四级第55题It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.A） to be paid more than a month later B） to be paid later than more a monthC） to pay later than a month more D） to pay later more than a monthit 在句中作形式主语。
动词的语态主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
常用被动语态的情况1.没必要指出动作的执行者时：The palace was built in 1900.He was elected president of the country.2.表客观说明的句型常用被动语态如it is said that…或可用，sb. +be + -ed+ to be(believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）3.有些词习惯上常用被动语态：born, dress, situate, sit不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place, fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等无被动语态。
After the fire, very little remained of my house.This key just fits the lock.2）系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
常见不用被动态形式的短语动词
1. agree with 相符, 适合
Our action must agree with our words. 我们必须言行一致.
Rich food doesn’t agree with me. 他不易吃油腻的食物.
2. belong to 属于
The future belongs to the younger generation. 未来属于年轻人.
As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century.
3. break out 爆发,突然开始
The Iraqi War broke out in March 2003. 伊拉克战争爆发于2003年2月.
A quarrel broke out between them.
4. come about 发生, 产生, 实现
It came about in this way. 他是这样发生的.
How much has come about from the consultation?
5. come across 偶然遇到, 留下印象
I came across him first in Beijing. 我是在北京第一次遇见他的.
6. come into being 形成, 产生
About 200 companies come into being every year. 每年大约有200家公司成立. New ways of thinking have come into being. 新的思想方法形成了.
7. come out 出版, 出来
The book will come out in September. 该书将于9月份出版.
My tooth has just come out. 我的牙齿刚长出来.
8. come true 实现
His dream has come true. 他的愿望实现了.
9. come up 被提出, 发芽
The question came up at the meeting. 会议上提到了那个问题.
The seeds haven’t come up yet. 种子还没有发芽.
10. consist of 由…组成
Man consists of soul and body. 人由灵魂和肉体组成.
11. date from 始于
The idea of floating continents dates from 1910. 大陆漂游学说始于1910年. This custom dates from the 16th century. 该风俗始于16世纪.
12. do with 忍受
We can’t do with such carelessness.我们不能忍受这种粗枝大叶的作风.
13. give out 用完, 耗尽
He plans to stay there until his money gives out. 他计划在那里呆到钱花完为止.
14. go against 不利, 相反
The situation is going against them. 情势越来越对他们不利.
Events went against them.情况发展与他们的意愿相反.
15. go down 被接受, 被记录在案
The idea went down badly. 这个想法不受欢迎.
That remark will go down in history. 那番评论将载入史册.
16. go down 发生, 消失
That sort of thing goes on all the time. 那类事一直都在发生.
I got more depressed, as time goes on. 我的郁闷情绪与日俱增.
17. go out 熄灭, 被淘汰
The lights flickered, then went out. 灯光闪烁不定, 然后就熄灭了.
That team went out in the third round. 那个队在第三轮比赛中被淘汰了.
18. go up 被烧毁, 拔地而起
The tall building went up in fames. 大楼在熊熊烈火中烧毁了.
How many houses have gone up this year? 今年新建了多少住房?
19. happen to 发生在…
What has happened to your left eye? 你的左眼怎么了?
20. keep after 跟踪追击, 责备
Why do you keep after me the whole time? 你为何老责备我?
We decided to keep after the thief. 我们决定跟踪追击盗贼.
21. live on 继续存在
These traditions will live on for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传.
22. occur to 发生, 想到, 想起
I hope no accident has occurred to him. 我希望他没出什么事.
23. point to/ at 暗示
Everything points to a bright future for us all. 种种迹象表明我们有光明的前途.
24. run out 用完, 耗尽
His money soon ran out. 他的钱快花光了.
25. stick to 坚持做, 忠于; 贴在…上
Her translation sticks closely to the original. 她的翻译非常忠实于原文.
26. take place 发生,举行
When did this conversation take place? 这次会谈是何时举行的?
27. throw out 产生(人才), 提出(主意)
Our country has thrown up a number of great writers. 我们国家出了许多大作家.
28. turn out 结果是, 证明是
Everything turned out satisfactory. 结果一切令人满意.
29. turn up 到达, 出现
He didn’t turn up until half an hour later. 半小时后他才出现.
30. work out 产生结果, (情况)发展
Everything has worked out according to plan. 一切都按计划发展.。
