语言学教程课件1 Invitations to linguistics

2013-7-25
LINGUISTICS
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Productivity----Language is productive in
the sense that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signs by its users. This is why language users can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. As a result, construction and interpretation of new signals by its users is possible (novel utterances are continually being created.) . non-human signals ,on the other hand, appears to have little flexibility.
LINGUISTICS 19

2013-7-25

Birds, bees, crabs, spiders, and most other creatures communicate in some way, but the information imparted is severely limited and confined to a small set of messages.
“house” uchi (Japanese) mansion (French) 房子(Chinese)

of learning English language, such as trainings and various exams? • 3. Why do you learn English language? • 4. Does language only have verbal forms? • 5. What is language? • 6. What is linguistics?
--Robert A. Hall (1911-1997): Introductory Linguistics (1964)
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(7) “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.”
--Ronald Wardhaugh: Introduction to Linguistics (1977)
• 2. Discourse analysis (DA) is a newly branch of ls in the 1950s with the ls turn. (CDA, MDA and PDA)
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1.3 Design features of language: features that define our human lgs
--From our course book (2009)
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1.2.2 Multimodal discourses
• Reflections on the videos:
• 1. MD: >=5 modes of meaning-making: linguistic, visual, gestural, spatial and audio to create texts (words, images, gestures, sounds…)

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Linguistics
Made by LI Jinmei
1. Arbitrariness
任意性
Question 1:
Is onomatopoeia (sound-imitating word) arbitrary? Or do the words such as “cuckoo”, “bang”, “crash” etc. bear a nonarbitrary connection between their form and their meanings?
----language humanHuman ----language is human-specific.
13Biblioteka 1.3 Design features of language
(语言的结构特征) 语言的结构特征) Definition:
— Design features refers to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. The following 4 are the frequently discussed ones:
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Linguistics
Made by LI Jinmei
Definition: — Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. What is communication? — A process in which information is transmitted from a source (sender or speaker) to a goal (receiver or listener).

The
End
Descriptive（描写式）vs. Prescriptive（规定式） ♦ Descriptive:a lingustics study that aims to describe and analyze the language ople actually use.
♦ Prescriptive:a linguistics study that aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard" behavior in using language.i.e.,to tell people what they should say or what they should not say.
Example
▪ Jack said I love you to Rose in the street.
The relationship between langue and parole ● The parole must depend on langue, and without parole, there would not be any existing significance for langue. Langue and parole are interdependent. They together constitute language.
C ha pte r 1 Invita tions to Linguistics
1.9 Im porta nt D istinctions in Linguistics
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contents
• Descriptive vs. Prescriptive • Synchronic vs. Diachronic • Langue vs. Parole • Competence vs. Performance