名词性从句的翻译
名词性从句⼀、主语从句（⼀）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，⼀般可以按照英语原⽂顺序来翻译。What he told me was only half-truth.
他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西⽽已。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
（⼆）⽤it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句⼦最前⾯去翻译。为了强调起见，it⼀般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他参加不参加会议没有多⼤关系。（It没有翻译）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（It翻译为“这”）有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it⼀般不需要译出来。在汉语译⽂的开始，⼀般可以⽤“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪，她竟然没有看出⾃⼰的缺点。（It不⽤翻译，还可以⽤“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译）⼆、宾语从句（⼀）⽤that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，⼀般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.
wh-疑问词引导的名词性从句
引导名词性从句的wh-疑问词有：what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where和why。
1. what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
What caused the accident is unknown.是什么导致这个交通事故还不知道（作主语）
Have you heard what he said just now? 你听到他刚才说什么了吗？（作宾语）
Villagers often say our village is no longer what it used to be. 村民们常说我们的村子不再是它原来的样子了。（作表语）
2. which, who/whom, whose, when, where和why等引导名词性从句。例如：
Do you know which team will win the game? 你知道哪个队会赢得这场比赛吗？
My question is who will take over the class. 我的问题是谁将接管这个班级。
That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
I want to know whose book it is.我想知道这是谁的书。
Why he failed in the English exam wasn’t clear. 不清楚他为什么会英语考试不及格。
“what”引导的从句用法总结如下：
1. “what”引导主语从句，其后可接谓语动词，例句：What makes the bridge
famous is its unique structure.（桥名闻名的原因是它独特的结构。）
2. “what”引导表语从句，其后可接名词，例句：The present situation is that we
have collected a lot of information.（目前的情况是我们已经收集了很多信息。）
3. “what”引导宾语从句，例句：I will do what I can to help you.（我会尽我所能来帮助你。）
4. “what”引导定语从句，修饰先行词，例句：The book contains what can be
known about this subject.（这本书包含了关于这个主题的所有已知的内容。）
5. “what”引导同位语从句，对前面的名词做具体解释或说明，例句：I have no
clear idea what he means.（我不清楚他的意思是什么。）
6. “what”引导形容词性从句，即名词性从句，在句中作宾语、表语等，例句：I suggest what we should do.（我建议我们应该做什么。）
7. “what”引导强调句型，强调主语、宾语等，例句：What he said at the meeting
was very important.（他在会议上说的话非常重要。）
8. “what”引导感叹句，例句：What a beautiful day it is！ （多好的天气啊！）
9. “what”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，例句：What you say， I don't
care.（无论你说什么，我都不在乎。）
10. “what”引导主语从句和表语从句，表示“所…的”，例句：What I want to say
what引导的从句
what可以引导名词性从句
即：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句。
1、what引导主语从句，what在句中作主语成分。例句：
What really matter is that she wore a pair of white shoes. (what 做matters 的主语)
真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。
2、what引导宾语从句，what在句中作宾语成分。例句：
People have heard what the Present has said; they are waiting to
see what he will do. (what谓语动词heard的宾语） 人们已经听到了总统所说的：他们正等着看总统会做什么。
3、what引导引导表语从句，what在句中作表语成分。例句：
The little girl is no longer what she used to be. （what 做从句中的表语）
这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。
4、what引导同位语从句，what从句跟在某些名词后面，用来解说前面的名词。例句：
I have no idea what he is doing.（what从句是idea的同位语）我不知道他正在做什么.
You have no idea what I suffered. 你不知道我所遭受的痛苦
