北师大版高中英语选修八Unit22单元5月8号

Work in pairs and compare your notes. Did you miss any important information?
Writing: A Report
[1] Read the report quickly and match sections A-D with these heading.
for example as a result
in addition apart from
such as
according to
Subject: Noise pollution and nose control measures in China. Date:23.09.04
A: This report aims to assess the current and future levels of noise pollution in China and to consider appropriate control measures.
ANSWERS: 1.According to 2.For example 3.although 4.However
5.as a result 6.In addition 7.To sum up 8.Morever
9.In this way
[3] You can avoid repetition in a report by using synonyms. Find words and expressions which are similar to these.
multinational
company with offices all over the world. However, I don’t like big

Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Tiring as it might be, the military training is believed to be
(be) the best opportunity to make lifelong friends. 2．We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a
[我的发现] (1)由句①可知，当直接引语为 陈述 句变为间接引语时，时 态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变。 (2)由句②可知，当直接引语为 一般疑问 句变为间接引语时， 首先变为 陈述句 语序，然后再加上连词 if 或 whether 来引导 间接引语。 (3)由句③可知，当直接引语为 祈使 句时，要加上合适的动 词，如ask, tell, order, require, demand等动词作谓语，然后将 该祈使句变成 动词不定式 作宾补。
2．动词＋sb.＋that ... 常用动词有warn, remind, tell等。 He warned me that I couldn't go out alone at night. 他警告我晚上不能单独出去。 She reminded me that I hadn't written to Mother. 她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。 3．动词＋sb.＋to do sth. 常用动词有advise, beg, order, promise等。 The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多加锻炼。
Section Ⅷ
Grammar
单元语法项目(一)——转述结构
语法图解
探究发现
①He said, “I'm busy preparing for the final exam now.” →He said that he was busy preparing for the final exam then. ②“Do you want the green shirt or the blue one？” asked mother. →Mother asked whether/if I wanted the green shirt or the blue one. ③The old man said, “Don't come here again next week.” →The old man asked us not to go there again the next week. ④Our teacher said, “Practice makes perfect.” →Our teacher said practice makes perfect. ⑤“Where did you spend your holiday this year, Jack？” She asked. →She asked Jack where he had spent his holiday that year.

完成句子 ④His daughter is lovely beyond compare .他女儿真是可爱得无与伦比。 ⑤She convinced me that Paul was, beyond doubt , innocent. 她使我深信,保罗确实是清白无辜的。 ⑥ It's beyond me why he always behaves like that. 我无法理解他为什么总是那样做。 ⑦I am afraid it is beyond my power to do what you are asking.
单句改错 ④It is advisable to keep some food on reserve in case of emergency.
on→in
完成句子 ⑤He told me all about it 于这件事的全部。
without reservation .他毫无保留地告知我关
点拨 (1)reserve sth. for为……保留/预订某物 (2)a nature reserve自然保护区 in reserve备用,储备 (3)reservation n.保留意见;预订 make a reservation预订 without reservation 毫无保留地
words. 有时我们并不能用言语来表达我们的感情。
写作微练 ⑨他们通过努力工作已经为城市的繁华做出了巨大贡献。
They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.
点拨 (1)means单复数同形,作主语且前有every,each,one等词时,谓语动词用单 数情势;前有several,many,few,all等词时,谓语动词用复数情势。 (2)the means of doing sth.做某事的方法 means of transport交通工具 (3)by means of依靠……方法 by all means当然行;可以 by any means用一切可能的方法

北师大版高中英语选修八Unit22单元5月8号高中英语学习材料madeofjingetieji姓名__________高二英语周练试卷（满分100）一、基础过关（15×1）1. vt.威胁__________→n.__________2. n.生态__________→adj._________3. n.&v.变化________→adj.________4. n.资金__________→adj._________5. vt.采用__________→n.__________6. 引起，导致______________7. 超出某人的控制___________8. 依次，轮流______________9. 与……有关___________10. 提前_____________二、语法填空(10×2)1.In the last few decades, scientists __________(reach) consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate.2.__________(look) ahead, scientists blieve that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.3.__________(give) this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising globbal temperatures is not merely a coincidence.4.Serious diseases will spread and industries that rely on nature will be __________(bad) affected.5.Experts advocate that each person play __________(they) part.6.Volcanic __________(erupt) and earthquakes have always been a threat in certain parts of the world.7.__________ any means to earn their living, people in agricultural areas move to the cities.8.Our school __________(see) many great changes in recent years.9.They don’t appear to have got over their __________(disappoint).10.In this way, China could become one of the least noise-polluted countries in Asia __________ the next 10 years.三、阅读理解(4×5)More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university. It used to be called the “year off”between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher educationinstitutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Serbice(UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCA said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete their chosen courses. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student’hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.1. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.2. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He's puzzled.B. He's worried.C. He's surprised.D. He's annoyed.4. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepaer for their graduate studies.四、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2. Work in pairs. Use your notes and take turns to say sentences. Example A: The number of pandas has increased. B: Yes, about 1,600 now live in…
3. Look through your partner’s notes. Are they easy to follow? Tell the class the most important information that you got from the lecture. Check your notes (They may vary):
the panda.
Part II
Listening
Listening Strategies:
Taking lecture notes
Listen for “topic” words, e.g. endangered, species, decrease. These words are usually stressed and the facts are often repeated, e.g. rare, few, extinct.
Tiger:
Numbers worldwide: 5,000 Original number of species: 8 Number of species remaining: 5 Reasons for being endangered: 1.killed by hunters for false beliefs 2.loss of their natural habitat
children will only see them in books.

Listen and complete the sentences
Part1
1. Today’s lecture will focus on the serious problem of ____________________. endangered species 2. _____________species will become extinct in the Millions of next decades. 3.Not many of us know about endangered fish, insects or even a type of endangered tortoise ___________. 4.We should be aware that the panda is one of the rarest endangered animals in the world. ______________
Complete the sentences
Part5 wrap up 1.To __________ this lecture, I want to remind you that animals have no voice in our world. 2.We need to speak out on their behalf _______________ before they disappear____________. for good
The last three sub-species of tiger are now extinct.
extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
Have your words prepared
hook n.钩子，钩 seize vt 依法没收，扣押

Unit22 知识要点梳理1. dvocate vt. 提倡；主张advocate sth./doing sth.拥护；主张advocate＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词应用(should)＋动词原形Do you advocate keeping all children at school till the age of sixteen？你主张将义务教育延长至16岁吗？The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。

温馨提示：advocate n．提倡者；拥护者(尤指对某一主义或目的)an advocate of sb./sth.支持……的人We are advocates of equal pay for men and women.我们都是提倡男女同酬者。

创新应用：1.句子翻译你主张接受他们的邀请吗？【答案】Do you advocate accepting their invitation?2. substitute n．代替品；代用品；vt. 用……代替……；vi.替代；取代(1)a substitute for...……的代替者a milk/meat substitute 代乳/肉制品(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代You can substitute honey for sugar.你可以用蜂蜜代替糖。

Bill substituted for Larry who was off sick.拉里因病没有上班，比尔顶替了他。

温馨提示：replace与substitute 用法比较replace多指以新换旧，以好换坏，常与介词with连用。

replace A with B 用B替换Asubstitute 多指“暂时代替或代理”的意思，常与介词for连用。

课内研析探究
课时作业
英 语 ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
课前自主预习
课内研析探究
课时作业
2 ． 教 材 原 句 ： Many people thought that permission wouldn’t be given，and some thought the project should never have been allowed.
很多人认为不应该允许，也有的认为工程本不应该批准。 佳句诵读：昨晚，你本不应该向父母撒谎。 You _s_h_o_u_ld_n_’_t_h_a_v_e_t_o_l_d_l_ie_s__to your parents last night.
英 语 ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
每年大约有230亿吨二氧化碳释放到大气中。
release...from...把……从……中解脱出来
英 语 ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
课前自主预习
课内研析探究
课时作业
①Death at last released her from her pain. 死亡最终使她免除了痛苦。 ②It is said that he has already been released from duty. 据说，他已经被解除职责了。 ③Now，many films aim to release at the same time around the world.现在许多影片都打算在同一时间进行全球公映。
11、一个好的教师，是一个懂得心理学和教育学的人。2021/7/262021/7/262021/7/26Jul-2126-Jul-21

the giving up of something for the sake of something considered more valuable
to support or urge by argument
sentence to punishment
a doubt that prevents one accepting something whole heartedly
The problem
Global Warming
definition
causes
3
___
____
effects
solutions
The in__c_1re__a_se_in Earth’s temperaturec_h_a__n_g2_e_s__
the climate.
Human activities ， increased i,ndustry
Voice your opinion
What can you do every day to help reduce greenhouse gases?
Taking public transport like buses can reduce greenhouse gas emissions
And taking trains help a reduction of greenhouse gas.
Listen to the tape and use one word to conclude
each paragraph.
Introduction
Global Warming
Definition Causes
Effects
Solutions

3 Read these statements. Try to predict the kind of information that is missing. Then listen to the radio programme and complete the notes with one or two words.
3 Noise pollution is generally only a problem urban in areas. 4 Noise pollution in cities is caused transport by industrialization , , and larger urban populations . 5 Television sets stereo systems , can be all air conditioners , and pets sources of noise pollution.
9 Noise pollution can also stop us from
sleeping properly.
10 Noise pollution can have a very negative effect on
how
well
we
concentrate at work and can therefore affect
Noise made by aircraft
Noise pollution
Any unwanted man-made sound that penetrates the
environment is noise pollution. Noise pollution can be

高中英语 Unit22 Period Five Gramma练习北师大版选修8基础落实Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．We can’t find out the best solution to the problem ________________(discuss) at the meeting now.2．I look forward to ________________(invite) to his wedding.3．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students，but it remains ________________(see) whether they will enjoy it.4．My mother is not easy ________________(persuade)．5．His sister left home in 1998，and ________________(not，hear) of since. 6．In the near future，more advances in the robot technology ________________(make) by scientists.7．—Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?—Sorry.It is ________________(repair)．8．The water ________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercises. 9．This coastal area ________________(name) a national wild life reserve last year. 10．When they got there，the injured ______________(send) to the nearest hospital. Ⅱ.直接引语变为间接引语1．The teacher said to me，“Come in.”→The teacher ________________.2．The teacher said to me，“Don’t be late again.”→The teacher ________________ be late again.3．The geography teacher said，“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”→The geography teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east and ________ in the west.4．She says，“I’ll never forget the days in the country.”→She says that ________________ the days in the country.5．“Are you all right？” he asked me.→He asked me ________________.能力提升Ⅰ.完形填空It was half an hour before midnight on December 24th last year.I was aticket­counter supervisor for a major airline and was looking forward to the __1__ of my shift(轮班) at Stapleton International Airport in Denver.My wife was waiting up for me at home so that we could __2__ our gifts for Christmas.Just then，a very __3__ gentleman went up to me.He asked how he could get to Cheyenne，Wyoming.He had just arrived from Philadelphia and __4__ his connecting flight.I pointed him to the ground transportation area，where he could rent a __5__.And then I called my wife to let her know I would be home soon.About fifteen minutes later，the gentleman __6__ and informed me that all the buses were full and there were no cars __7__.I told him that he had to stay for a night at the airport.Hearing that，he burst into tears.I tried to make him calm down.He explained that his name was Tom，and that his only son was __8__ ill at home and was not expected to __9__ another year.He expected that this would likely be the __10__ Christmas with his son.I told Tom to __11__ his luggage and wait for me at the gate.I was driving to Cheyenne.I called my wife Kathy，telling her about it and not to wait up for me.I drove fast all the way and we arrived in Cheyenne around 2∶30 am.Kathy was still waiting for me when I got home in the early morning.We traded gifts and then our conversation __12__ Tom.For Kathy and me，there was no doubt that driving Tom to Cheyenne was the __13__ choice.A couple of days later，I __14__ a Christmas card with a picture of Tom and his family.In it，Tom thanked me for the special __15__ he had received that holiday season，but I knew the best gift was mine.1．A.end B．turnC．role D．change2．A.expect B．getC．exchange D．make3．A.kind B．helplessC．sad D．worried4．A.mistook B．missedC．caught D．continued5．A.bus B．flightC．room D．car6．A.left B．movedC．came D．returned7．A.reliable B．presentC．available D．acceptable8．A.really B．slightlyC．seriously D．unluckily9．A.suffer B．liveC．share D．grow10．st B．bestC．happiest D．hardest11．A.hand B．findC．pack D．collect12．A.remembered B．recalledC．concerned D．contained13．A.main B．onlyC．nice D．great14．A.received B．sentC．saved D．discovered15．A.drive B．helpC．deal D．giftⅡ.语法填空If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer，you can hear frogs singing 1.________ (joy) here and there.It seems as if they were performing a field symphony.The frog is a good and useful creature that benefits human beings.They can catch fast­moving inse cts.Each frog eats a large number of pests that are harmful 2.________ crops.This little creature is regarded 3.________ “the natural enemy of pests”．4．________ now frogs are getting fewer and fewer.This is because they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy，human beings.It is 5.________ shameless(无耻的) and cruel act，isn’t it？6.________ cause responsible for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insecticides(杀虫剂) to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of drinking poisoned water 7.________ eating poison­killed insects.Something must be done without delay 8.__________ (save) frogs.If we don’t punish those 9.________ sell and kill frogs to make money，then one day all of us10.________________ (punish) by nature for failing to keep the balance of nature. Ⅲ.阅读理解A popular saying goes，“Sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will never hurt me.” However，that’s not really true.Words have the power to build us up or tear us down.It doesn’t matter if the wor ds come from someone else or ourselves—the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.We all talk to ourselves sometimes.We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it，though.In fact，we really shouldn’t be，because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.This “self­talk” helps us motivate ourselves，remember things，solve problems，and calm ourselves down.Be aware，though，that as much as 77% of self­talk tends to be negative.So in order to stay positive，we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.We should also be quick to give_ourselves_a_pat_on_the_back，The next time you finish a project，do well in a test，or finally clean your room，join me in saying “Good job！”Often，words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effects they will have.But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses to others.For example，when returning an item to a store，we might use warm，friendly language during the exchange.And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner.Or harsh and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.Words possess power because of their lasting effects.Many of us regret something we once said.And we remember unkind words said to us！Before speaking，we should always ask ourselves：Is it true？Is it loving？Is it needed？If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test，then it’s better left unsaid.Words possess power：both positive and negative.Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively.We can offer hope，build self­esteem and motivate others to do their best.Negative words destroy all those things.Will we use our words to hurt or to heal？The choice is ours.1．The author argues in the first paragraph that________.A．words will never hurt us at allB．words have lasting effects on usC．inspiring words give us confidenceD．negative words may let us down2．Why should not we feel embarrassed when it comes to talking to ourselves?A．Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.B．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.C．Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.D．It is harmful to have “self­talk” when we are alone.3．The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph three means “________”．A．blame ourselvesB．punish ourselvesC．talk to ourselvesD．praise ourselves4．Which of the following statements would the author agree to?A．Unkind words are unlikely to be forgotten.B．Positive words may destroy all the good relations.C．It is better to think twice before talking to others.D．Kind words are sure to cause unfavorable response.5．Why should we talk in a friendly way when returning an item to a store? A．Because kind words destroy true relationships.B．Because the clerk in a store is hard to deal with.C．Because critical language may hurt your feelings.D．Because friendly words cause positive responses.答案基础落实Ⅰ.1.being discussed 2.being invited 3.to be seen 4.to persuade 5.has not been heard 6.will be made7．being repaired 8.felt 9.was named 10.had been sentⅡ.1.told me to go in 2.advised/asked me not to 3.risessets 4.she’ll never forget 5.if I was all right能力提升Ⅰ.1.A2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．DⅡ.1.joyfully 2.to 3.as 4.But 5.a 6.Another7．or 8.to save 9.who 10.will be punishedⅢ.1.B2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D。

• 4. if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth
destroying
第三十页，编辑于星期五：十二点 三分。
• 5. Some government, for example, the USA’s federal government, express reservations about whether global warming is really caused by human activities.
第二十二页，编辑于星期五：十二点 三分。
第二十三页，编辑于星期五：十二点 三分。
DON’T CRY
第二十四页，编辑于星期五：十二点 三分。
It’s NOT too LATE
ACT NOW!!!!
第二十五页，编辑于星期五：十二点 三分。
Which countries do you think contribute
Causes: Many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly____.
Consequences: If we continue to produce greenhouse gases______. There will be more______ such as floodings, heat waves and droughts.
Para.5
Introduction: Human beings are causing____ and it is believed that ________ could be one of the biggest______ in the 21st century.

W…Wiwtheithhceanrnelawbregreeogpputoilmaptuiisolatnitcsioaanbn,odut ChtfulThaaehrhcisvibsiniesnaaailsgndsr’seoaCspppfhlhusoatoeeitnrnuutdrnairlaodies.niu.medgsTvrs,ehopnrteprooaoCli…ebsnhvel.oeeinpminseoefsluleurttghio-enr. control plans and …
To give an example（列举事例）:
For example…
such as A, B, C and so on
Take … as an example… especially / particularly …
To list major point（列项）:
what’s more, in addition, besides, furthermore…
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Communication Workshop Writing
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to write a report on various topics.
To contrast a point（对比事项）: on the other hand, on the contrary, however…
To conclude a point（结论） To sum up, as a result, in a word, in short,
To show effects(表明影响）: without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact

•
•
•
•
Listen to the news report. Which of the statements are ture and which are false? Write T for ture and F for false.
1 The news reporter is working in Antarctica. F in Argentina 2 The news report is about penguins. T 3 Penguins have only one partner for life. T
3 Because of the greenhouse effect , the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
•
4 Global warming is an increase over the time of the average temperature of the Earth. 5 Overfishing is harmful to the ecology of the sea.
6 Experts call for immediate international T conservation efforts.
animals among the top 5 endangered species in tiger cheetahs China.
pand ers
lion s
that live on Earth.
（1） Support zoos, reserves, and organizations that help animals. Volunteer your money, time and ideas.

In fact，a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals—horses，in this case，the last time the world heated up.The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million yea ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
“It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm ， but we hadn’t understood that temperature was driving the evolution of body size specifically，”
英 语 ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
英 语 ·D 选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Global warming is a growing environmental problem，and it has brought us many problems.Do you think it could make humans shorter and smaller？Please read the following passage to get the answer.