2017版高考英语一轮总复习 高考AB卷分类试题 专题12 阅读七选五

1 专题十二 阅读七选五

2016～2012年各省市高考题

A卷 全国卷

Passage 1 (2016·全国Ⅰ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies

use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never

lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages

is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example, the first letters

of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

__3__You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the

letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,

the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message

of a real code, you must have a code book.__4__ For example, “bridge” might stand

for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would

actually mean “Meet me.” __5__However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret

for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. 2 F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of

the alphabet.

【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。

1．D [考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思，“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计地进行破译”。故选D项。]

2．E [考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E。]

3．G [考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选G。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。]

4．F [考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为F。]

5．A [考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案非A莫属。]

Passage 2 (2016·全国Ⅱ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere

of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？__1__．But it

doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding

who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

•__2__

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and

masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less

water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__．However, there are a number of other reasons

that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.

•Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose

garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s

important.__4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a

powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your 3 youth.__5__．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories

into your grown－up garden.Have fun.

A．Know why you garden

B．Find a good place for your own garden

C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have

【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺，让美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受。

1．F [本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的Have you ever visited a garden that seemed

just right for you可知，你是否参观过一个美丽的花园，再结合后面的It starts with

looking inside yourself可知，故F项“你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮”符合语境。]

2．A [本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的there are a number of other reasons that might

explain why you want to garden可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。]

3．E [本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致。]

4．C [本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的that’s not what’s important可知，这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。]

5．G [本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园，要回忆一下年轻时所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并去践行。故G项与上下文一致。]

Passage 3 (2016·全国Ⅲ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,

but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking