第十四章动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式包括了传统语法中所说的动名词和现在分词。
一、-ing形式的句法功能
（一）作主语
［高考试题传真］
1.---What do you think made Mary so upset?
---________he new bicycle.(1997,上海)
A.As she lost
B.Lost
C.Losing
D.Because of losing
2.______is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(1992)
A.The walk
B.Walking
C.To walk
D.Walk
3.Once your business becomes international, ________constantly will be part of your life.(1995,上海)
A.you fly
B.your flight
C.flight
D.flying
-ing形式(短语)作主语通常有两种位置：一种是-ing形式短语位于句首；另一种是用it作形式主语，而将-ing形式短语移到谓语之后，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。如：
Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。
Learning new words is very important for me.学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克争辩没有什么用。
It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
［注意］-ing形式与不定式作主语时的区别
-ing形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为或动作。如：
Doing nothing is doing ill.一事不做就是作恶。
It’s no use crying over split milk.牛奶打翻哭也无用。
而不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或具体意义。如：
He said, “To go on like this is no use.”他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”
［高考试题传真］
1.We enjoy________very much because it is good to our health.(1998,上海)
A.swim
B.to swim
C.swimming
D.to be swimming
2.---Let me tell you something about the journalists.
---Don’t you remember_______me the story yesterday? (1999,上海)
A.told
B.telling
C.to tell
D.to have told
3.The library needs_______,but it will have to wait until Sunday.(1991)
A.to prepare
B.preparing
C.prepared
D.was preparing
4.She looks forward every spring to_______the flower-lined garden. (1995,上海)
A.visit
B.paying a visit
C.walk in
D.walking in
5.---What are you going to do this afternoon?
---I’m thinking of_______to visit my aunt.(1985)
A.go
B.going
C.having gone
D.my going
6.---I usually go there by train.
---Why not_______by boat for a change.(1992)
A.to try going
B.trying to go
C.to try and go
D.try going
7.Do you remember_______me at a party last year.(1984)
A.meet
B.to meet
C.meeting
D.met.
有些动词只能跟-ing形式(短语)作宾语，不能跟不定式短语作宾语。这类动词常见的有：consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,cannot help,imagine, keep(on), mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, suggest等。如：
Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位挚友。
He disliked fighting in any form.他不喜欢任何形式的打架斗殴。
I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新鲜事物。
-ing形式(短语)除了可作动词的宾语外，还可作介词宾语。如：
He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。
持）, object to（反对）, lead to（导致）,devote…to（献身于）, be sentenced to(被宣判为)，prefer…to(喜欢),come to（谈到），look forwardd to（期待）,add to(加上),pay attention to（注意）, get down to
1)-ing形式所表示的动作，在意义上比较一般和抽象，不指某一次具体的动作，不定式则表示某个具体动作。试比较：
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。（指一般、抽象的行为）
