电弧炉炉体设计

攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） 2t滚动轴承钢电弧炉炉体设计

学生姓名： * * 学生学号： ************ 院（系）： 材料工程学院 年级专业： 2008级冶金工程一班 指导教师： 王能为 讲师 助理指导教师：

二〇一二年六月 攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） 摘 要

Ⅰ 摘 要 电弧炉炼钢是靠电弧进行加热的，其温度可以高达2000℃以上，热效率比平炉、转炉炼钢高。由于没有可燃烧气体，根据工艺要求可在各种不同的气氛中进行加热，这能保证冶炼含磷、硫、氧低的优质钢，用各种元素来使钢合金化，也炼出各种类型的优质钢和合金钢。本课题针对产量为2t滚动轴承钢进行电弧炉炉体设计，设计的内容包括电弧炉炉型的尺寸和耐火材料的厚度、辅助的水冷壁、偏心底出钢的位置、变压器功率和电参数、配料计算等，利用CAD软件完成电弧炉炉体及耐火材料的图形绘制。设计的电弧炉用材经济节省，结构合理，尺寸设计准确，能满足滚动轴承钢小规模化生产要求。

关键字：电弧炉，炉体，耐火材料，滚动轴承钢，CAD 攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） ABSTRACT

Ⅱ ABSTRACT Steel making by electric arc furnace depends on electric arc heating, its temperature can be up to more than 2000 degrees centigrade, and thermal efficiency is higher than Martin furnace and converter steel-making. Lack of combustible gas, steelmaking can be processed according to technique requirements in the heated atmosphere of various gases, which will guarantee high-quality steel with low amount of phosphate, sulfur and oxygen. Meanwhile, with different kinds of elements added to the steel-making, this process can refine a variety of types of high quality steel and alloy steel. This paper aims to make a design of electric arc furnace for 2t rolling bearing steel, which includes size of the electric arc furnace, the thickness of the refractory matter, auxiliary water-cooling wall, location of the eccentric bottom tapping, transformer power, electrical parameters, ingredients calculation and so on. CAD software will be taken in the drawing procedure of the electric arc furnace and refractory matter. The designed electric arc furnace has some features such as economical and timber saving, properly structured and accurate size of the design and it can meet the small-scale production requirement of rolling bearing steel.

Keywords: Electric arc, Furnace, Refractory matter, Roll bearing steel, CAD 攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文） 目 录

Ⅲ 目 录 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. II

1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1前言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2关于电弧炉的概述 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 电弧炉的优缺点 ................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2电弧炉的分类 ........................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3电弧炉的特征及组成 ............................................................................................ 3 1.2.4电弧炉对耐火材料的要求 .................................................................................... 3 1.2.5电弧炉的冶炼工艺 ................................................................................................ 4 1.3 滚动轴承钢的概述 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4本课题研究的意义及内容 ............................................................................................... 5 2 电弧炉炉型尺寸设计 ............................................................................................... 6 2.1电弧炉设计要求 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2熔池的形状 ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1熔池直径和深度设计 ............................................................................................ 8 2.2.2熔炼室尺寸设计 .................................................................................................... 8 2.3电弧炉炉衬及厚度的确定 ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.1电弧炉炉墙、炉底用耐火材料设计 .................................................................. 11 2.3.2炉盖用耐火材料 .................................................................................................. 14 3 水冷炉壁设计 ......................................................................................................... 17 3.1水冷壁的主要参数及特点 ............................................................................................. 18 3.2水冷组件材质选择 ......................................................................................................... 19 3.3水冷炉壁冷却水耗量的确定 ......................................................................................... 19 3.3.1炉壁最大热流的选择 .......................................................................................... 19 3.3.2水冷面积的确定 .................................................................................................. 20 3.3.3冷却水流量的确定 .............................................................................................. 20 3.3.4炉壁水冷组件管径的选择 .................................................................................. 21 3.3.5 平衡挂渣层厚度设计 ......................................................................................... 21 3.3.6水冷炉壁结构 ...................................................................................................... 22