听力教程4-U14-施心远

A Listening Course 4施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)答案Unit 3Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translationscore higher than boys in almost every country.几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。

2. Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。

3. Cultural and economic influences play an important part..文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。

4. But recent findings suggest that the answer may lie in differences between the male and female brain.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。

5. These include differences in learning rates.这些包括学习速度上的差异。

Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueExercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with the missing information.Serenading Service was founded three years ago when the singerrealize that British people were desperate for romance. He thought there would be a clientele for a hired serenader. The idea came from his studies of Renaissance music, which is full of serenades.Over the centuries, university students have turned the serenade into an art form for hire. Usually he is hired by men to sing love songs to women. Occasionally he is asked to sing to men.The service is really a form of intimate alfresco theatre with love songs. He usually wears a white tie and tails and sings amorous Italian songs. He will carry chocolate hearts or flowers and when there is no balcony available he will sing from trees or fire escapes!The fee depends on whether a musician comes along or not. The basic rate is ￡450but it can cost a lot more especially if he takes a gondola and a group of musicians along. Some people are so moved that they burst into tears, but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasant situations. They have to be very careful these days because a serenade can be completely misinterpreted.Part 2 PassageEx. A. Pre-listening QuestionWhat memory strategies do you know that can help you remember thingsbetter1) Brain prioritizes by meaning, value and relevance.2) Your attitude has much to do with whether you remember something or not.3) Your understanding of new materials depends on what you already know.4) You can learn and remember better if you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful categories or groups.5) The brain's quickest and probably the longest-lasting response is to images.6) Memory is increased when facts to be learned are consciously associated with something familiar to you.Ex. B: Sentence Dictationare methods for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall.2. Our brains evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli such as images, colors, structures, sounds, smells, tastes, touch, positions, emotions and language.3. While language is one of the most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds.4. Association is the method by which you link a thing to be remembered to a way of remembering it..5. Location gives you two things: a coherent context into which you can place information, and a way of separating one mnemonic from another.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. Mnemonics are tools which can help you to improve your memory. T. (Memory tools can help you to improve your memory. "Mnemonic" is another word for memory tool.)2. The fundamental principle of mnemonics is to make full use of the best functions of the brain to store information.T (The basic principle of mnemonics is to use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.)3. Information we have to remember is almost always presented in different ways.F (Unfortunately information we have to remember is almost always presented in only one way--as words printed on a page.)4. We can do four things to form striking images, which will help to make our mnemonics more memorable.T ( Use positive, pleasant images; use vivid, colorful, sense-laden images; use all your senses to code information or dressup an image; give our image three dimensions, movement and space.)5. There is one basic principle in the use of mnemonics.F (There are three fundamental principles underlying the use of mnemonics: imagination, association and location)6. Association is what we use to create and strengthen imagination.F (Imagination is what you use to create and strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics.)7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemonics as you likeT (The imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it help you to remember.)8. You can create associations by linking things using the same stimuli.T. (You can create associations by linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling.)Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics Why can we improve our memory by following the principleTo use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.Evolved to code and interpret complex stimuli. Use these to makesophisticated models of the world.Our memories store all of these effectively.However, information is presented in only one way. Language is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds.By coding languages and numbers in striking images,/ can reliable code both information and structure of information. Then easily recall these later.2. Why is a good memory important to usOpen.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the Somali pirates’ strike.Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1.Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revengefor the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear.2.No, the pirates haven’t been deferred.3.Because the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remainso great and Somalia remains so lawless.4.At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen internationalwarships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres.5.It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.Tape script of News Item One:The piracy problem looks like it's here to stay despite the recent muscular interventions by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates haven't been deterred.So why does the problem persist Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the international effort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres. Although it has been suggested that raids could be mounted on the pirates' home towns, it seems unlikely there'll be any major increase in the military effort unless there's a spectacular hijacking involving the deaths of many crew members.The reluctance to mount a major international naval operation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the International Maritime Bureau, nearly twenty three thousand ships passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two were hijacked.Rob Watson, BBC NewsNews Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about Obama’s military plan in Afghanistan.Ex. B: True or false.1.The President is considering leaving Afghanistan.F. (The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan isnot an option.)2. Obama wouldn’t shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, neither would he deploy more military troops.T.3. President Obama thought his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate".T.4. Opinions against Obama are not heard.F. (…some Republicans and me mbers of the President's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems to be over soon.F. (…about committing more resources and military per sonnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)6. Afghanistan can be the second Vietnam.T. (The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.) Script of News Item Two:The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option. It's not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request for more troops.There appears to be a frustration that the review of strategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop numbers.President Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican and Democrat senators and congressmen that his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate". But it's going ontoo long for some Republicans and members of the President's own party are dubious about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight. The word 'Vietnam' is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.The President was certainly right when he said his final decision wouldn't make everyone in the room, or the country, happy.Mark Mardell, BBC News, WashingtonNews Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about fragile peace that returns to Gaza.Ex. B: Listen again and fill in the blanks.There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazilyaround their shoulders.For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian sider. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.Script of News Item 3There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.There were buildings pitted with Israeli tank rounds; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung lazily around their shoulders.The destruction we've seen has largely been inflicted on the Hamas infrastructure: police stations, military outposts, government buildings, so far the most extensive damage - that at the border in Rafah where nothing was spared.For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that runbeneath the perimeter wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian side; impossible for us to verify independently, but they say they are determined to reopen them and to dig them deeper. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.Christian Fraser, BBC News, GazaSection FourPart 1 Feature reportExercise A:This news report is about the recreation of the prehistoric world in Liaoning, China, based on the scientific findings on fossils discovered there.Exercise B:1.35 prehistoric animals were created.2.They recreated the extinct beasts through the marriage of science,art and technology.3.The exhibit is not behind the glass or otherwise enclosed, sovisitors are eye to eye with extinct beasts. It is displayed in this way so that visitors will feel as if they’ve stepped intoa Chinese forest 130 million years in the past.4.He says it’s accurate because every single plant, every insect,every organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found as a fossil in northeastern China.5.The only thing scientists had to make up is what color some ofthe animals were.6.According to Michael Novacek, birds are living dinosaurs.7.They study the movements of commonplace turkeys, chickens andostriches to learn how similarly-built dinosaurs would stand or walk.8.By using high-tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gainedfrom the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower that the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.Script：Dinosaur Discoveries Made Possible through Art, Technology,Modern LivestockThe rolling hills of a province in northeastern China are now terraced for farming, but beneath that farmland are clues to a prehistoric world unlike any seen by human eyes - until this week.Some 130 million years after dinosaurs roamed the Liaoning forest, the world has been painstakingly recreated in New York City's American Museum of Natural History.The sound of the prehistoric forest is one of the few things that has been imagined in this 65 square-meter diorama. The gingko leaves, piney trees and life-sized models of 35 prehistoric animals were created through the marriage of science, art and technology, as every detail, down to the sleeping pose of a dinosaur, is based on scientific findings.The exhibit is not behind glass or otherwise enclosed, so visitors are eye-to-eye with extinct beasts, feeling as if they've stepped into a Chinese forest 130 million years in the past.Mark Norell is a paleontologist who has worked in Liaoning, searching for clues to recreate this prehistoric world."It's accurate because every single plant, every insect, every organic feature in it actually represents something that has been found as a fossil in northeastern China," he explained, "so the only thing that we had to sort of make up a little bit is what color some the animals were. Even though we know some of theme were patterned, but we know definitely that they were patterned, because we can seethat is the soft tissue remains, but we don't know what color they were but we try to be a little conservative in that regard, but nevertheless all the feathers you see, all the weird tail structures you see, is all stuff we found as fossils."Underneath the gingko trees, a feathered bird-like dinosaur chases on two legs after a large winged insect, the dinosaur's beak-like mouth open to reveal rows of jagged teeth. A sleeping dinosaur tucks its head beneath its arm, much as a modern goose tucks its head beneath its wing.The museum's curator of paleontology, Michael Novacek, explains that it is necessary to understand birds in order to better understand extinct creatures."The reason birds are so important to us is really a fact we weren't so aware of 10, 20 years ago is that birds are living dinosaurs. They're not just related to dinosaurs. They are dinosaurs," he stressed. "They're a branch of dinosaurs, so conveniently enough dinosaurs didn't go completely extinct. One group, the birds, survived."Scientists study the movements of commonplace turkeys, chickens and ostriches to learn how similarly built dinosaurs would stand or walk.Researchers even created a computer model of a giant chicken to learn more about the movements of the ever popular Tyrannosaurus Rex. By using high tech imagery, fossils, and the knowledge gained from the biology of barnyard animals, scientists now estimate the giant T-Rex could reach speeds of 16 kilometers per hour, far slower than the more than 70 kilometers per hour previously thought.These scientific findings are passed along to model designers, such as the creator of a six-foot-long mechanical T-Rex, a highlight of the new exhibit. The menacing skeleton's tail sways and its head bobs as the extinct dinosaur shifts its weight, plodding in place - yet another example of the never-before-seen becoming altogether real when science and technology meet art.Part 2 PassageExercise B1.The goal of this study was to determine what type of “gaze” isrequired to have this effect.2.The Queen’s study showed that the total amount of gaze receivedduring a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.3.The eye contact experiment used computer-generated images formactors who conveyed different levels of attention.4.The researchers concluded that people in group discussions willspeak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members.5.The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughoutthe ages.6.Exercise C1. A2. D3. A4. D5. A6. C7. B8. BExercise D1.The eye contact experiment used computer-generated images fromactors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down). These images were presented to the subjects, who believed they were in an actual three-way video conferencing situation, attempting to solve language puzzles. Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is made while the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any time in the conversation. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members and the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.2.Open.Script:Eye Contact Shown To Affect Conversation Patterns, GroupProblem-Solving AbilityNoting that the eyes have long been described as mirrors of the soul, a Queen's computer scientist is studying the effect of eye gaze on conversation and the implications for new-age technologies, ranging from video conferencing to speech recognition systems.Dr. Roel Vertegaal, who is presenting a paper on eye gaze at an international conference in New Orleans this week, has found evidence to suggest a strong link between the amount of eye contact people receive and their degree of participation in group communications. Eye contact is known to increase the number of turns a person will take when part of a group conversation. The goal of this study was to determine what type of "gaze" (looking at a person's eyes and face) is required to have this effect.Two conditions were studied: synchronized (where eye contact is made while the subject is speaking) and random contact, received at any time in the conversation. The Queen's study showed that the total amount of gaze received during a group conversation is more important than when the eye contact occurs.The findings have important implications for the design offuture communication devices, including more user-friendly and sensitive video conferencing systems – a technology increasingly chosen in business for economic and time-saving reasons – and Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) which support communication between people and machines. Dr. Vertegaal's group is also implementing these findings to facilitate user interactions with large groups of computers such as personal digital assistants and cellular phones.The eye contact experiment used computer-generated images from actors who conveyed different levels of attention (gazing at the subject, gazing at the other actor, looking away, and looking down). These images were presented to the subjects, who believed they were in an actual three-way video conferencing situation, attempting to solve language puzzles. The researchers concluded that people in group discussions will speak up more if they receive a greater amount of eye contact from other group members. There was no relationship between the impact of the eye contact and when it occurred."The effect of eye gaze has literally fascinated people throughout the ages," says Dr. Vertegaal, whose paper, Explaining Effects of Eye Gaze on Mediated Group Conversations: Amount or Synchronization was presented this week at the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on Computer SupportedCooperative Work."Sumerian clay tablets dating back to 3000 BC already tell the story of Ereshkigal, goddess of the underworld, who had the power to kill Inanna, goddess of love, with a deadly eye," says Dr. Vertegaal. "Now that we are attempting to build more sophisticated conversational interfaces that mirror the communicative capabilities of their users, it has become clear we need to learn more about communicative functions of gaze behaviors."。

Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationStephen Powelson’s Amazing MemoryWhen Stephen Powelson was nine, his school organized a (1) weekly contest in memorizing passages f rom the Bible. Stephen paid (2) no attention until he was chided* for (3) not competing. The next Sunday he surprised everyone by (4) reciting all the passages for the (5) entire year.As a teenager in prep school, Stephen took Greek. His teacher (6) assigned 21 lines of the Iliad* to be memorized (7) in a week. At the end of the hour - though he (8) insisted he paid full attention to the (9) lecture - Stephen knew all 21. He went on to memorize the first (10) 100 lines.In 1978, for the first time (11) since college, Powelson, now 60, had some (12) spare time. To keep his mind active, he reread the Iliad and (13) discovered thathe still knew the first 100 lines (14) by heart.That someone could memorize so much between ages 60 and 70 is (15) astonishing to most people, who are (16) convinced that memory (17) worsens as we grow older.Powelson's method is to (18) read a book into his tape recorder, then read it several more times, making sure he understands (19) each word. "Also," he says, "I attempt to (20) visualize myself as part of the action."Part 2 Listening for GistYou might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes.The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The processis very simple. First, a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope isrecorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published sothat many people can study it.Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive fromthem is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are ahundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.1)This passage is about how to photograph astronomical objects.2)Photograph, coated, light-sensitive material, positioned, received, recorded,developed, enlarged, published, remote, feeble, telescope, camera, longexposuresSection Two Listening ComprehensionPart one DialogueTunisian HolidayVocabularyamphitheatremosaiccoach n. 公共马车，普通旅客车厢resort n. 胜地，常去之地(Someone is enquiring about the Tunisian holiday.)Agent: Hello, Bath Travel.Client: Hello, I'd like to find out more about your Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologists. I've read about it in the paper, but I'd like to know more aboutwhat is involved.Agent: You mean you'd like to know the itineraryClient: Yes, that's right.Agent: All right. Just briefly, you arrive in Tunis at midday on the first day andgo by coach to La Marsa. Then there is a short briefing by the archaeologist and then the rest of the day you are free to explore.The second day you get up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves(小海湾). After lunch you can walk along the beach, to Kerkouane. The walk takes about four hours. Kerkouane isone of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor.Client: That sounds rather a long walk.Agent: Well, it's an easy walk. Flat all the way, and very pretty. But you can goby coach, if you prefer. The third day you spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon, and the day is free to enjoy the town. It's a lovely old town and resort. And the fourth day you take the coach to the ruin of EI Djem, which is a magnificentamphitheatre*. You have lunch in Sfax and then you take the ferry to the beautiful Kerkennah Islands.Client: Islands, you sayAgent: Yes, they're very peaceful and you spend the fifth day there. The fishermen will take everyone out on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermen's picnic. On the sixth day you visit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night. And the final day there is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its fantastic mosaics* and then a coach to Tunis International Airport.Client: Have you got a full brochure which gives more detailsExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following itinerary.Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologistsDay ActivitiesThe first day Arrive in Tunis at midday and go by coach to La Marsa. Thenthere is a short briefing by the archaeologist.The second day Get up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves. After lunch youcan walk along the beach, to Kerkouane, which is one of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor .The third day Spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon to enjoy the town. It's alovely old town and resort.The fourth day and fifth day Take the coach to the ruin of El Djem, which is a magnificent amphitheatre. Have lunch in Sfax and then take the ferry!. to the beautiful Kerkennah Islands. The fishermen will take everyoneout on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermen’s picnic.The sixth day Visit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night.The final day There is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its fantastic mosaics and then a coach to Tunis International Airport.Part 2 PassageMexican Gray WolfExercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe wolf is a large member of the canine(犬科的) family. Most of the adult grey wolves weigh in the vicinity of 75 to 125 pounds (34 to 56 kilograms). Wolves livein family groups called packs. A pack is usually made up of a male parent, a female parent, their pups and a few other adult wolves who are the olderbrothers and sisters. Wolves can run up to 40 miles an hour and can easily cover 50 miles a day.The wolf has developed the capacity to survive in the most inhospitable of climates. The wolves in the high arctic endure several winter months of perpetual darkness. Even in February when the sun returns to the north,C and bitter winds are common. In the wild wolves can live temperatures of -40°up to 13 years or more; in a protected wolf park or a controlled area of land, a wolf can live to be up to 16 years old.1)After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population haddwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and theAmerican southwest.2)The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a "wild"population of at least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 squarekilometers.3)Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilitiesand releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee ofscientists, land owners and others.4)A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never beof the high mortality rate in the wild.released because·5)The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeingcaptive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off.****Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program in Eureka, 32 kilometers southwest of S1. Louis, the United States, to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf, the rarest and most genetically distinct subspecies of gray wolf in North America.After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population had dwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and the American southwest.The research center, popularly known as the Wolf Sanctuary*, was foundedin 1971 by Marlin Perkins, a world-renowned naturalist and former director ofthe St. Louis Zoo, and his wife Carol. Besides the Mexican wolf, the sanctuary works with the endangered red wolf, maned wolf (maned: 有鬃毛的; maned wolf 鬣狼), swift fox and African wild dogs.In the late 1970s, the last seven known wolves were captured in the wild or taken from zoos to begin the breeding program. In 1981, the first captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in the federal program was born at the WildCanid (犬科动物) Center, and the first release into the wild took place in 1998.The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a "wild" population ofat least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 square kilometers.Though in captivity themselves, Francisco and Sheila taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild. They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own.Nine of Francisco and Sheila's offspring were among the first 11 captive-born Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 - but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center in Eureka estimates that98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific* lobo* pair. （lobo=timber wolf）About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. TheWild Canid Center, however, has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility.The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington University's Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor with minimal human contact. They learn to hunt, , live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people -all necessary skills for surviving in the wild.Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain . A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because ofthe in the wild. It's not uncommon for freed wolves to be struck by cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died.Despite the losses, released wolves are . The recovery programis gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free . Scientists want to let nature decide what's a good wolf and what's not through .The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington University's Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor enclosures with minimal human contact. They learn to hunt, raise young, live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people - all necessary skillsfor surviving in the wild.Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilities and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain a genetic database. A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because of the high mortality rate in the wild. It's not uncommon for freed wolves to be struckby cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died.Despite the losses, released wolves are reproducing. The recovery programis gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off. Scientists want to let nature decide what's a good wolf and what's not through natural selection.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed Listening1 Directions: Listen to the passage and complete the information about aMexican gray wolf research center.1)The research center's known as: the Wolf Sanctuary2) Location: in Eureka. 32 Kilometers southwest of St. Louis. the United States3) Founding: in 19714) Purpose: to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf5) Founder: Marlin Perkins. a world-renowned naturalist and formerdirector the St. Louis Zoo. and his wife Carol2. Directions: Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following timeexpressions.1)In the late 1970s: The last seven known wolves were captured in the wild ortaken from zoos to begin the breeding program.2)In 1981: The first captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in thefederal program was born at the wild Canid Center.3)In 1998: The first release into the wild took place.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program. Though in captivitythemselves, they taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild.They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own. Nine of Francisco andSheila's offspring were among the first 11 captive-born Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild.The Wild Canid Center is ideated on 25 isolated hectares within.Washington University's Tyson Research Center. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center estimates that 98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific lobo pair.About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. The Wild Canid Center has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility. Other large US newspapers were singled out too, including the Wall Street Journal, which won the Pulitzer for breaking news,despite being displaced from its offices at the World Trade Center. The Washington Post received Pulitzers in two categories, investigative and national reporting.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item1When Astroland opened in 1962 it represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides(游乐场所供人玩乐的乘坐装置) and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.The park is a fixture on the Coney Island boardwalk, best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark. Astroland's 22 rides and three game arcades provided jobs for up to 300 people.Astroland has been by far the biggest amusement center on Coney Island, which has been a favorite holiday destination for Americans in the New York area since the 19th Century. It is the birthplace of the hot dog and is known for its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.But Astroland's final chapter may be still to come. A few days after the park's announced closure, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said hope is not yet lost, and that city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal of Astroland's lease.A.Astroland’s announced closureB.1. It opened in 1962.2. It represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.3. It is best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark.4. Because they enjoy its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.5. No. The city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal ofAstroland's lease.News Item 2It's called the "Highline." It's a newly renovated and elevated promenade that was once a railway line for delivering cattle and other food stock. In 1980, the train made its last delivery, bringing frozen turkeys to lower Manhattan. In a densely populated city, the Highline now provides open space for relaxation as it winds through neighborhoods once noted for slaughterhouses.It's an oasis in a sea of concrete. The walkway includes more than 100 species of plants inspired by the wild landscape left after the trains stopped running. New construction is everywhere. Apartments, office towers, restaurants and even a museum have sprouted alongside the promenade.The first section of the Highline was inaugurated in May, after 15 years of planning and political battles. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, along with benefactors like clothing designer Diane von Furstenberg and her husband, media mogul Barry Diller, cut the ribbon.The first two sections of the Highline cost $152 million. Of that, $44 million was raised by the public. To those who visit, it seems it was well worth the wait and the money.News Item3African American History MuseumAn old Greyhound Bus* terminal sits unused in the heart of downtown Dothan, Alabama. It's hardly noticeable, nestled between two office buildings and surrounded by a chain link fence. There are no written signs that hint of the structure's controversial history. Four decades ago it was a symbol of racial segregation. During the 1960s, bus terminals like other public facilities throughout the American south were divided into white areas and black areas.The building still has the separate entrance and restroom facilities that black customers were legally required to use. Today, those elements have a different social value, and they will become one of the centerpieces of a new African American history museum.The museum will include galleries devoted to the accomplishments of George Washington Garver* and other black scientists and inventors. There will be a gallery depicting black heroes of military and social campaigns.And the city of Dothan is helping. It's providing the museum with some financial support, and it's already promoting the attraction to visitors. The G-W Carver Interpretive Museum should open doors by August and its director Francina Williams hopes to capitalize on Alabama's historic role . the center of America's Civil Rights movement. When visitors come to Birmingham, Selma and Montgomery to learn about the struggles that African Americans have endured, she would like them I make a side trip to Dothan to see what African Americans have contributed to Alabama, America Id the world.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an African American history museum showing the struggles and contributions f African Americans.Exercise BDirection: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F).1.F2. T3. F4.F5.T6. T7. F8.TSection Four supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportLamaina grew up listening to her grandfather's stories of Garaguso. Tommaso Lamaina immigrated from Garaguso to Philadelphia in the 1920s in search of work. But he never let his family forget the place where generations of their forefathers had lived.The stories inspired Lamaina’s dream of developing her own relationship with a place she was never able to visit with her grandfather, who died when she was a teenager. So in 2000, with years of experience as a professional photographer behind her, she decided to begin an annual pilgrimage to Garaguso to capture life there on film.Garaguso is a farming village, home to about 1,500 people, in the mountainous region of Basilicata, located in the instep of Italy's boot. It's one of the most remote and least developed zones in the country. After decades o f emigration, it's sparsely populated. One out of seven of thepeople who remain can't read or write.Lamaina's photos show a Garaguso that seems hardly to have changed in centuries, an anachronism compared with a very modern Italy. Taken in black and white, they show the winding cobblestone streets and ancient buildings of the historical centre. There are donkeys, loaded up with kindling for the open fires and stoves, which still warm the houses.There are portraits of men with gnarled faces, wearing black pants and white shirts from a past era. There's the local baker, whose family has been selling bread in the same building since the late 1700s. There are women with white hair and no teeth, dressed in black.Arriving in the village where her family had lived for generations was like a homecoming for Lamaina. She grew up in an inner-city neighborhood of Philadelphia, in the bosom of an immigrant southern Italian community. At home, her relatives spoke the dialect of Garaguso rather than English.But over the years, the reserve has lessened. Lamaina admits, and her work shows, that life in Garaguso is not easy. The locals work from sunup to sundown in the fields, tending their crops and animals. They eat what they produce. Little is imported and nothing goes to waste. But she believes it's rich in the things that matter, like generosity, hospitality and family ties. In this respect, she says, the village has something to teach those who see her work.Lamaina recently held an exhibition of her work in Florence, where she now lives. She's also giving a copy of her images to City Hall in Garaguso.After eight years of recording life there, Susanna Lucia Lamaina's not ready to put away her camera yet. She says she has many more photographs to take and hopes her work will put her family village on the map. Her grandfather, Tommaso Lamaina, would have been proud.A.Susanna Lucia Lamaina’s recording life in Garaguso.B.T,T,T, T,T,F,T,FPart 2 PassageSafari1)A blur of gold was spotted through the high, wind-whipped grasses and off wewalked toward the lion's den.2)He couldn't stop smiling as we crept closer and closer into the glow of theday's last light.3)Just a meter away from the lions a straggling buffalo loped by, but ourappearance seemed to distract them and the buffalo got away.4)Under an open sky we winded our way through cracked sun-baked pathways.Our guides knelt in the sand, pointing out the differences between the various animal tracks.5)Thrashing in the water a mauve-colored hippo grunted, snapped his giantjaws, and lunged forward.We kept our distance behind a log on the banks of the river.A blur of gold was spotted through the high, wind-whipped grasses and offwe walked toward the lion's den*. We glanced at each other nervously, but forged ahead. My friends and I had come to experience the African bush on foot, so, gulping, we fell in shaky step behind our two ranger guides. Their rifles wereat the ready. So were our zoom lenses. Seeing lions was a special treat, even for our veteran guide, and he couldn't stop smiling as we crept closer and closer into the glow of the day's last light.About 150 meters ahead we counted 10 lions sitting in a semicircle in the grass. Their heads poked up through the grass thicket, listening, aware.Just a meter away from the lions a straggling* buffalo loped by. Perhaps the lions' intended dinner But our appearance seemed to distract them and thebuffalo got away.We were in the Kruger National Park*, the largest game park in South Africa, on a guided walking safari.Kruger National Park is the country's main game* reserve. Roughly the sizeof Wales, it stretches for almost 2.5 million hectares across a maze of ecozones from flat scrubby bush, dense shrub-like Mopane tree covered hillsides to lush valleys.For three nights home was a circle of thatched roof two-person huts tucked behind a leafy grove of trees in an enclosed camp that included toilets and hot (mostly) showers.Dinner was served around an open fire, a massive kettle of hot water for teaor coffee steaming on a nearby pile of smoldering coals.The only light after dark were swaths of luminous stars overhead and ourkerosene* lanterns.We joked that we had arrived to the catered version of "Survivor".The first morning we climbed out from beneath mosquito nets to the muffled sounds of an elephant munching on a tree behind our huts, which were separated only by several meters and a wire mesh fence.As if the elephant was not wake-cup call enough, outside each hut a jug of water had been poured into a plastic basin for a quick face wash before hittingthe trails.Under an open sky we winded our way through cracked sun-baked pathways through baobab* and kudu* berry trees. Our guides knelt in the sand, pointing out the differences between the various animal tracks.A line in the sand told a crocodile had recently slipped into a nearby pool.Later we saw a crocodile sunning on a rock not far from where we had been swimming the day before.In the same area we had a sunset sighting of a mauve*-colored hippo* who was not happy to see us.Thrashing in the water he grunted, snapped his giant jaws, and lunged* forward. We kept our distance behind a log on the banks of the river where welater got a glimpse at a family of baboons*.On our last evening streaks of orange made the sky glow as if on tangerine* fire. We were all on a high from our lion sighting.I inhaled the colors, the silhouette* of buffalos grazing near a watering hole, the evening dropped in temperature and squeezed a friend's hand.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionHere are the top parks for anAfrican safari:The beautiful Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, the world-famous Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania, the lush green Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park in Botswana and the Etosha National Park in Namibia.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1)They experienced the African bush on foot.2)Seeing lions was a special treat for them.3)They saw 10 lions sitting in a semicircle in the grass.4)Krugge National Park stretches for almost 2.5 million hectares ,roughly thesize of Wales.5)They stayed in a thatched roof two- person huts with toilets and hot showers.6)Dinner was served around an open fire.7)They saw a crocodile sunning on a rock not far from where they had beenswimming the day before.8)They were all on a high from their lion sighting.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions1. They saw lions, buffaloes , elephants, crocodiles, hippos, baboons, etc.2.(Open)。

听力教程4第三版施心远听力原文The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls- and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I'd curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures.和我同龄的邻里孩子们一起玩：要么在户外进行体育活动，要么在室内玩玩偶和房子。

一、另一方面，我的童年大部分时间是独自度过的。

我会蜷缩在椅子上读童话和神话，做白日梦，写诗歌或故事，画画。

Sometimes around the fourth grade, my“big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who'd been visiting us said to me,“"What's wrong with you? Why don't the other children want to play with you?" I remember being startled and confused by her question.有时在四年级的时候，我的“大”奶奶（经常是挑剔的、挑剔的）来看望我们，她对我说：“你怎么了？为什么其他孩子不想和你一起玩呢？”我记得被她的问题吓了一跳，弄糊涂了。

I'd never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn't, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they didn't“want to play with"me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fouth grade.我从来没有对和其他孩子一起玩特别感兴趣。

听力教程4第三版施心远原文unit1VocabularySection1Part1PhoneticsKey:foryou;who’s;knowhim;That’s;you’llbe;When’s;We’re;canall;Part2.ListeningandNote-takingextensionn.电话分机Therearetelephoneextensionsineveryoffice每间办公室都有电话分机。

Electronicshairdresser’soperatorKey:onholiday;SouthofFrance;home;hersister’s;thehairdresser’sDialogueSection2Part1Dialogue1.Key:1.ProfessorAndrewsDr.Baxter.2.AlEric3.SallySteve4.TonyMaryParker5.SusanRoperJohnLee6.AlEric7.TonyMaryParkerDialogue2.hijackvt劫持Theyplannedtohijackaplane.他们计划劫持一架飞机Key:1.T2.T3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.TPart2Passageflavourn.味道vt.给...加味Idon'tliketheflavourofonion.我不喜欢洋葱的味道。

anillan.香草Heusedtolovemilkflavouredwithvanilla.他过去常爱喝带香草味的牛奶afen.咖啡馆,小餐馆Thiscafekeepslateintothenight这家咖啡馆一直开到深夜。

n.一阵一股Apuffofwindblewoutthecandle.一阵风吹熄了蜡烛。

Thestoveletoutapuffofsmoke.炉子里冒出一股烟。

crosslyadv.生气Shelookedatherhusbandcrossly.她生气地看着自己的丈夫Key:1.B2.C3.D4.B5.C6.C7.D8.ASection3.Newsitem1juryn.陪审团Thecasewastriedbeforeajury.此案是有陪审团参加审理的vt.谴Mostpeoplearewillingtocondemnviolence.大部分的人极力谴责暴力Key:blockinginvestigation1.F2.T3.TInHouston,Texas,afederalinvestigationjuryhaschargedtheArthurAnd ersonCompanywithblockingeffortstoseekjusticeintheEnroncase.ArthurA ndersonemployeeskeptfinancialrecordsandprovidedadvicetothefaileden ergycompanyEnron.ThechargessayArthurAndersondestroyedtonsofdocu mentswhileaninvestigationwastakingplaceafterEnron’sfailure.TheArthurAndersonCompanycondemnedthechargesasaserious misuseofgovernmentpower.NewsItem2defenseministry国防部NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationspokesmanVladimirPutinalliancemembershipexpansiontotheeastgeneralsecretaryentryKey:A.NATOSecretaryGeneral’Unit1SectionOneTacticsforListeningListeningandTranslationAcollegeeducationcanbeverycostlyintheUnitedStates.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。