《马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》（Three sources and three components of Marx doctrine）Two, Lenin: the three sources and three components of Marx doctrine(1) the first part of the article points out the three characteristics of Marx doctrine:(1) Marx's theory is a critical and revolutionary theoryThe theory organically combines strict science with high revolutionary. This theory criticizes the old world and creates a new world, thus causing hatred and hatred of all bourgeois science.(2) Marx's theory is the theory of developmentThis theory is not a closed, rigid theory that has emerged from the path of world civilization. This theory did not abandon the bourgeois era's most valuable achievements, but the absorption and transformation of all the valuable things of human thought and culture in the development of human advanced thoughts and answers various questions have been proposed.(3) Marx's theory is rigorous scientific theoryMarx inherited and further developed the outstanding achievements of philosophers, economists and historians in the early nineteenth Century, the latest achievements in science. Marx's philosophy and political economics constitutes athorough materialist world outlook.(two) the article concisely describes the three sources and three components of Marx doctrine.1, in terms of philosophy, (1.1 - 6)(1), Marx philosophy of dialectical materialism (1.1 - 3)Marx and Engels both inherited and further developed in the late eighteenth Century with the medieval monks and forces in the fight against the French materialism, and inherited and further developed the achievements of German classical philosophy in the early nineteenth Century, especially Hagel's philosophy and Felba's philosophy of materialism Kazakhstan achievements, thus creating dialectical materialism. Lenin believes that these achievements are the main dialectics, that is the most complete, the most profound and without one sidedness of the theory of development". Marx's dialectical materialism is the basis of Marx's theory.(2), historical materialism is the greatest achievement in scientific thought (1.4 - 1.5)Lenin believed that Marx applied dialectical materialism to the understanding of human society and its history, and founded historical materialism. This is the greatest achievement in scientific thought, and a great discovery by Marx. Marx's scientific theory shows that the key to understanding the development of human history lies in the study of the material conditions and material activities of human society.Productivity is the most important factor in social life. Marx proved that the system depends on the social relationship to the level of development of productive forces, social relations and changes with the development of material productivity, so as to reveal the regularity of the development of society and a social economic structure to the necessity of another social economic structure more change.Lenin also pointed out that the proof of Marx's theory of philosophy, it is social existence determines the consciousness of the people, people's social consciousness reflects the social and economic system, system, organization and institution of law and politics is the economic foundation of the superstructure, the various political forms of capitalist countries are to consolidate bourgeois political service.(3), Marx's philosophy is a great tool for understanding (section 1.6)Lenin pointed out that in 1886 Engels wrote "Ludwig?" the end of Feuerbach and German classical philosophy 1877-1878 years to write "anti Dulin theory" the most clear the most detailed description of Marx's philosophy. Engels affirmed the positive role of Hagel dialectics and Feuerbach materialism in these two works, critique of Hagel's idealism and Feuerbach's idealism, the basic problem of philosophy as a classic summary of materialism and idealism limits standard, discusses the basic rules and category of dialectics, the determine the objective laws of historical development and the economic basis of the superstructure. Lenin believed that Engels's two books werebooks for awakening workers.Lenin finally wrote: "Marx's philosophy is a complete philosophical materialism, it gives great tools of knowledge to mankind, especially to the working class."."2, in terms of Economics (2.1 - 2.10)(1), the research object of Marx's Political Economics (Section2.1)Marx's political economy takes capitalist productive relations as the direct object of study.The superstructure of capitalist society is built on the basis of capitalist economy. If we want to change the superstructure of capitalism, we must first study the superstructure of capitalist society. To study the superstructure of capitalism, we must study the economic foundation that it relies on. The economic base of capitalism is the production relations dominated by capitalist society, that is, private ownership of capitalism. Capitalist private ownership is the basic economic system of capitalist society.Marx's representative work of political economy, Das Kapital, takes the capitalist economic system and production relations as the object of study.(2), the relationship between Marx's Political Economics and its direct theory source (Section 2.2)Marx took advantage of the classical economics of the bourgeois economy of Britain, the most developed capitalist country from the early eighteenth Century to the early nineteenth Century. The representatives of this school, Adam Smith and David Ricardo, developed the theory of labor value, and demonstrated that labor is the only source of value. But they can not explain the contradictions of capitalism and the essence of capitalist relations of production. Marx studied the capitalist economic system in his major works of "Das Kapital" specifically, reveals the capitalist society of the emergence and development of capitalist society, proves that it is necessary to perish.(3), the basic viewpoints of Marx Political Economics (2.3 - 2.8)Marx saw the relation between man and man when he saw the relation between things and commodities (commodity exchange goods). He set out from the analysis of bourgeois economic cell commodity, expounds on the market commodity exchange relations reflect people's social relations, analyzes the duality of commodity, the use value and exchange value contradiction, found: duality of productive labor and labor creating value in commodities labor, reveals the workers sold to capitalist labor during its use can create more than the value of its own, this part is the value of surplus value. Thus Marx revealed the secret of capitalist exploitation.The theory of surplus value created by Marx is the footstone of Marx's economic theory and the second great discoveries after historical materialism.Marx explained that the capitalist mode of production and its bearers of the bourgeoisie, by depriving the small producers of the scattered production of data gathered, resulting in monopoly status of big capitalists alliance. In this way, production has become social production, and the product is no longer a product of other people, but a common product of many workers. But the products that work together are privately owned by the capitalists. The capitalist system made workers increasingly dependent on capital, making production more socialized, and creating great forces for joint labor.The analysis made by Marx of the capitalist mode of production science, reveals the economic movement of the laws of capitalist society to expose the experience causes the capitalists exploit the workers and the secrets of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie opposing. According to his analysis of capitalist production social and private ownership of the means of production of the basic contradiction and the resulting production of anarchy, fierce competition, the cyclical economic crisis and so on scientific proof, the capitalist relations of production must be replaced by the socialist production relations.3, in the aspect of the theory of socialism (3.1 - 3.8)(1), utopian socialism of the historical conditions and fundamental limitations (3.1 ~ 3.2)Marx and Engels critically inherited the teachings of the three utopian socialists, France's Saint Simon (1760--1825), Fu Liye (1772~1837), and Erwin of England (1771~1858). In the earlynineteenth Century, the British Industrial Revolution and the French bourgeois revolution promoted the great development of capitalist politics and economy, and the contradictions between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie were becoming increasingly apparent. These three great utopian socialists in the conflict caused by the capitalist social system began to form, you will see that the capitalist society is a social system following the serf system after the oppression and exploitation of workers. They have mercilessly exposed and criticized capitalism, made a detailed vision of the future social system, and promoted it from outside to society through propaganda, demonstration and experimentation. Correct ideas despite their works contains many specific characteristics about the contradictions of capitalism and the future of the socialist society, but they can not scientifically clarify the essence of capitalist society, do not understand the law and the social development to create new social forces. They denied class struggle and promoted the peaceful transformation of society.(2), the basic theories of scientific socialism (3.3 - 3.6)Marx and Engels analyzed the connection and the fundamental difference between scientific socialism and utopian socialism, and made great difference between the two great discoveries of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, which transformed socialism from fantasy to science. In this way, they reveal the class struggle is divided into basic and power against the class of social development, clearly pointed out that only the proletariat is the creation of new social forces of society, demonstrates the historical inevitability of thecollapse of capitalism and the victory of communism.Lenin summed up: "only Marx's philosophical materialism gave the proletariat a way out of the spiritual slavery.". Only Marx's economic theory,It illustrates the true position of the proletariat in the whole capitalist system."Three, Mao Zedong: "the transformation of our study."。
